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My Strengths My Health (MSMH) is a simplified version of the Omaha System developed for the use of patients and their caregivers. Its main objective is to enable a whole-person assessment with the participation of the patients in understanding the concepts that comprise their care plan. Since 2021, we joined a worldwide initiative to translate MSMH to other languages and this paper reports the Brazilian experience in 3 stages, developed from January 2022 to December 2023: translation and back translation of terms, its validation by freshman nursing students and its adoption by patients at an outpatient facility. Among the results, we highlight the patients' comments on the perceived ease of use of the system. MSMH adoption by caregivers and populations of different cultures and languages can amplify the comprehension of biological, psychological, social, spiritual and environmental determinants of health worldwide specially if issues on digital health literacy are considered.

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This cross-sectional study aimed to identify factors related to the fragmentation and stability of the rest-activity rhythm (RAR) in adults and older adults. It is part of a larger research project investigating aspects concerning sleep duration, quality, and disorders in a representative subsample of the population. Sociodemographic data, lifestyle, health habits and subjective sleep variables were obtained; RAR records were collected by means of actigraphy and analyzed using non-parametric variables (IS, IV, M10, L5, RA, sL5, and sM10). Study participants were 313 individuals with complete actigraphy records. There was a prevalence of older adults (50.2%) and females (51.1%). Females, individuals with 4-8 y of education, and those who used alcohol abusively exhibited lower RAR fragmentation. Higher fragmentation was observed in individuals who napped and those reporting poor sleep quality. Greater rhythm stability was evident in females, older adults, those with 4-8 y of education, and those who had a partner. Smokers demonstrated lower RAR stability. These findings may contribute valuable insights for decision-making aimed at preventing and treating issues related to fragmentation and instability of the rhythm and its possible consequences to health.

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Ethnic differences exist in the United States in the interrelated problems of diabetes (DM), peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and leg amputations. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factor associations for subclinical PAD in a population sample of Mexican Americans using the ankle brachial (ABI) index. The ABI-High (higher of the two ankle pressures/highest brachial pressure) and ABI-Low (lower of the two ankle pressures/highest brachial pressure) were calculated to define PAD. Toe brachial index (TBI) was also calculated. 746 participants were included with an age of 53.4 ± 0.9 years, 28.3 % had diabetes mellitus (DM), 12.6 % were smokers, and 51.2 % had hypertension (HTN). Using ABI-High ≤ 0.9, the prevalence of PAD was 2.7 %. This rose to 12.7 % when an ABI-Low ≤ 0.9 was used; 4.0 % of the population had an ABI-High > 1.4. The prevalence of TBI < 0.7 was 3.9 %. DM was a significant risk factor for ABI-High ≤ 0.9 and ABI-High > 1.4, and TBI < 0.7. Increased age, HTN, smoking was associated with ABI-High ≤ 0.9, while being male was associated with ABI-High > 1.4. Increased age, smoking, and lower education were all associated with abnormal TBI. Despite relatively younger mean age than other studied Hispanic cohorts, the present population has a high burden of ABI abnormalities. DM was a consistent risk factor for PAD. These abnormalities indicate an important underlying substrate of vascular and metabolic disease that may predispose this population to the development of symptomatic PAD and incident amputations.

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Background: The underlying health status of populations was a major determinant of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly obesity prevalence. Mexico was one of the most severely affected countries during the COVID-19 pandemic and its obesity prevalence is among the highest in the world. It is unknown by how much the COVID-19 burden could have been reduced if systemic actions had been implemented to reduce excess weight in Mexico before the onset of the pandemic. Methods: Using a dynamic epidemic model based on nationwide data, we compare actual deaths with those under hypothetical scenarios assuming a lower body mass index in the Mexican population, as observed historically. We also model the number of deaths that would have been averted due to earlier implementation of front-of-pack warning labels or due to increases in taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages and non-essential high-energy foods in Mexico. Findings: We estimate that 52.5% (95% prediction interval (PI) 43.2, 61.6%) of COVID-19 deaths were attributable to obesity for adults aged 20-64 and 23.8% (95% PI 18.7, 29.1%) for those aged 65 and over. Had the population BMI distribution remained as it was in 2000, 2006, or 2012, COVID-19 deaths would have been reduced by an expected 20.6% (95% PI 16.9, 24.6%), 9.9% (95% PI 7.3, 12.9%), or 6.9% (95% PI 4.5, 9.5%), respectively. If the food-labelling intervention introduced in 2020 had been introduced in 2018, an expected 6.2% (95% PI 5.2, 7.3%) of COVID-19 deaths would have been averted. If taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages and high-energy foods had been doubled, trebled, or quadrupled in 2018, COVID-19 deaths would have been reduced by an expected 4.1% (95% PI 2.5, 5.7%), 7.9% (95% PI 4.9, 11.0%), or 11.6% (95% PI 7.3, 15.8%), respectively. Interpretation: Public health interventions targeting underlying population health, including non-communicable chronic diseases, is a promising line of action for pandemic preparedness that should be included in all pandemic plans. Funding: This study received funding from Bloomberg Philanthropies, awarded to Juan A. Rivera from the National Institute of Public Health; Community Jameel, the UK Medical Research Council (MRC), Kenneth C Griffin, and the World Health Organization.

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BACKGROUND: The urban population health initiative was designed as a multidisciplinary, multisector programme to address cardiovascular (CV) disease, specifically hypertension and its underlying causes in the cities of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; Dakar, Senegal; and São Paulo, Brazil. This article aims to provide an overview of the history and dynamics of CV disease policy making in the three countries, to present the policy reform contributions of the initiative and its role in the policy agenda-setting framework/process in each country and to identify the enablers and challenges to the initiative for doing so. METHODS: A qualitative case study was conducted for each setting from November 2020 to January 2021, comprised of a document review, semi-structured in-depth interviews and unstructured interviews with stakeholders involved in the initiative. The literature review included documents from the initiative and the peer-reviewed and grey literature with a total of 188 documents screened. Interviews were conducted with 21 stakeholders. Data collection and thematic analysis was guided by (i) the Kingdon multiple streams conceptual framework with the main themes being CV disease problems, policy, politics and the role of policy entrepreneurs; and (ii) the study question inquiring on the role of the urban population health initiative at the CV disease policy level and enabling and challenging factors to advancing CV disease policy. Data were thematically analysed using the Framework Method. RESULTS: Each setting was characterized by a high hypertension and CV disease burden combined with an aware and proactive political environment. Policy outcomes attributed to the initiative were updating the guidelines and/or algorithms of care for hypertension and including revised physical and nutritional education in school curricula, in each city. Overall, the urban health initiative's effects in the policy arena, were most prominent in Mongolia and Senegal, where the team effectively acted as policy entrepreneur, promoting the solutions/policies in alignment with the most pressing local problems and in strong involvement with the political actors. The initiative was also involved in improving access to CV disease drugs at primary health levels. Its success was influenced by the local governance structures, the proximity of the initiative to the policy makers and the local needs. In Brazil, needs were expressed predominantly in the clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS: This multi-country experience shows that, although the policy and political environment plays its role in shaping initiatives, often the local priority needs are the driving force behind wider change.

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BACKGROUND: Hypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and a major public health issue worldwide. In Brazil, it affects approximately 52.5% of the adult population. We describe the solutions package and the impact of a population health initiative in São Paulo city, following the CARDIO4Cities approach for the management of cardiovascular risk. METHODS: Using a design thinking approach, interventions were developed with a coalition of local and international stakeholders to address needs of patients, healthcare professionals, and the health system. The resulting solution package was checked to comply with guidelines for non-communicable disease and hypertension management. Clinical impact was measured by extracting the hypertension cascade of care-monitored, diagnosis, treatment, and control-from medical records. RESULTS: Under the leadership of the municipal health authorities, nine solutions were piloted and scaled across the city. Solutions conform with local and international best-practices. Between October 2017 and December 2021, 11,406 patient records were analyzed. Results showed a 40% increase in monitored patients (patients with at least one blood pressure, BP, measurement); reduced proportions of patients diagnosed among those with available BP measurements (72%-53%) and treated among diagnosed (93%-85%); and an improvement in controlled patients among those receiving treatment (16%-27%). CONCLUSIONS: The solution package described in this study was correlated with increased BP control. The implementation methodology and results add to the body of real-world evidence supporting population health implementation science in Brazil and beyond.

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Resumo Este artigo é parte de uma pesquisa que buscou cartografar saberes e fazeres antirracistas em saúde mental por meio do acompanhamento das práticas de três coletivos de profissionais trabalhando na/com a rede de atenção psicossocial na cidade de São Paulo, o que possibilitou caracterizar suas estratégias de intervenção. Buscando contribuir para sua conceitualização, delineamos, por meio da revisão da literatura descolonial, três ideias-força que nos permitem dar corpo à descolonização da Reforma Psiquiátrica: o desnortear, que, em diálogo com Achille Mbembe e Frantz Fanon, nos convida à afirmação da loucura e da negritude - sem, no entanto, estabelecer fixações; o antimanicolonial, que se dá no fomento do exercício livre e contracultural de imaginar diásporas, em relação com as proposições de Édouard Glissant, Paul Gilroy e Lélia Gonzales quanto a uma (des)orientação atlântica na qual elementos da diáspora negra e da América Latina possam ressignificar negritude e desrazão; e o aquilombar, como práxis libertária que tem em sua gênese os quilombos como metáfora viva da radicalização das relações nas diferenças, a partir do quilombismo de Abdias do Nascimento, da quilombagem de Clóvis Moura, do (k)quilombo de Beatriz Nascimento e do devir quilomba de Mariléa de Almeida.

Abstract This article is part of a study aimed to map antiracist knowledge and practices in mental health by monitoring the practices of three collectives of professionals working in/with the psychosocial care network in the city of São Paulo, allowing us to characterize their intervention strategies. To contribute to the conceptualization of this article, through a review of the decolonial literature, three major ideas have been outlined that have allowed us to give substance to the decolonization of Psychiatric Reform: bewilderment, which, in dialogue with Achille Mbembe and Frantz Fanon, invites us to affirm madness and blackness without, however, establishing fixations; the antimanicolonial, which occurs in the promotion of the free and countercultural exercise of imagining diasporas, in light of that proposed by Édouard Glissant, Paul Gilroy, and Lélia Gonzales regarding an Atlantic (de)orientation in which elements of the black diaspora and Latin America can re-signify blackness and unreason; and aquilombar, as a liberatory praxis whose genesis lies in the quilombos as a living metaphor for the radicalisation of relationships in differences, based on Abdias do Nascimento's quilombismo, Clóvis Moura's quilombagem, Beatriz Nascimento's (k)quilombo, and Mariléa de Almeida's devir quilomba.

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Resumo Propõe-se avaliar a incompletude e a tendência temporal do preenchimento do campo raça/cor das doenças e agravos mais prevalentes na população negra nos Sistemas de Informação em Saúde do Brasil, 2009-2018. Trata-se de estudo ecológico de tendência temporal e múltiplos grupos. Foi adotada a classificação de Romero e Cunha (2006) para análise da incompletude e utilizados dados secundários do Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação, Sistema de Informações Hospitalares e Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade do Brasil e regiões brasileiras, calculada a proporção de subnotificação e a tendência temporal, utilizando o modelo de regressão linear simples, com correção Prais-Winsten (p-valor<0,05). Excetuando-se os registros de mortalidade por causas externas (excelente), tuberculose (bom) e mortalidade infantil (regular), todos os registros apresentaram escore ruim. Observou-se tendência decrescente da proporção de incompletude. A análise por região mostrou que as maiores médias de incompletude foram registradas na região Norte (30,5%), Nordeste (33,3%) e Centro-Oeste (33,0%). As regiões Sudeste e Nordeste foram as que mais apresentaram tendência decrescente. Os resultados visam ampliar a visibilidade acerca das implicações do preenchimento do campo raça/cor para a equidade em saúde.

Abstract This ecological study of time trends and multiple groups evaluated incompleteness in the race/colour field of Brazilian health information system records and the related time trend, 2009-2018, for the diseases and disorders most prevalent in the black population. The Romero and Cunha (2006) classification was applied in order to examine incompleteness using secondary data from Brazil's National Notifiable Diseases System, Hospital Information System and Mortality Information System, by administrative regions of Brazil, while percentage underreporting and time trend were calculated using simple linear regression models with Prais-Winsten correction (p-value<0.05). All records scored poorly except those for mortality from external causes (excellent), tuberculosis (good) and infant mortality (fair). An overall downward trend was observed in percentage incompleteness. Analysis by region found highest mean incompleteness in the North (30.5%), Northeast (33.3%) and Midwest (33.0%) regions. The Southeast and Northeast regions showed the strongest downward trends. The findings intended to increase visibility on the implications of the race/color field for health equity.

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Introducción: la tuberculosis es una enfermedad de transmisión aérea que puede afectar a personas de cualquier edad. Es particularmente común en poblaciones vulnerables, como las comunidades indígenas. Se estima que en el mundo hay aproximadamente 370 millones de indígenas, lo que representa menos del 5% de la población global. Sin embargo, no se conoce con precisión la carga ni el estado actual de la tuberculosis en estos pueblos. Objetivo: describir los indicadores del programa de control de tuberculosis en la población de la parcialidad indígena Maka de un municipio de Paraguay durante los años 2016 al 2020. Metodología: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional, retrospectivo, con enfoque cuantitativo. Las variables del estudio fueron demográficas (edad, sexo, escolaridad, estado civil, actividad laboral) y de indicadores de seguimiento (número de casos en seguimiento, tasa de captación del Programa nacional de control de la tuberculosis. Resultados: fueron registrados 977 pacientes, predominando la edad de 31 a 40 años (37,67%), del sexo femenino en 53,33%, siendo 43% sin estudios escolares. Según los indicadores, se han registrado 900 casos de tuberculosis en ese periodo de estudio, lo que representa 32% del total de personas con síntomas respiratorios en esa comunidad. Se identificaron 1200 individuos con síntomas respiratorios, equivalente al 22% de la población total. De los casos positivos, 858 pacientes (95%) están recibiendo tratamiento, mientras que 72 pacientes (5%) han abandonado el mismo. Conclusión: los indicadores de medición de la eficiencia y eficacia del Programa nacional de lucha contra la tuberculosis es eficiente y eficaz para brindar atención y resolver los problemas de salud de la población indígena Maka.

Introduction: Tuberculosis is an airborne disease that can affect people of any age. It is particularly common in vulnerable populations, such as indigenous communities. It is estimated that there are approximately 370 million indigenous people worldwide, representing less than 5% of the global population. However, neither the burden nor the current status of tuberculosis in these populations is precisely known. Objective: To describe the indicators of the tuberculosis control program in the Maka indigenous population of a municipality in Paraguay from 2016 to 2020. Methodology: A descriptive, observational, retrospective study with a quantitative approach was conducted. The study variables included demographic factors (age, sex, education, marital status, employment) and follow-up indicators (number of cases under follow-up, detection rate of the National Tuberculosis Control Program). Results: Nine hundred seventy-seven patients were registered, predominantly between 31 and 40 years of age (37.67%), 53.33% were female and 43% had no schooling. According to the indicators, 900 cases of tuberculosis have been recorded in the study period, representing 32% of the total number of people with respiratory symptoms in this community. A total of 1200 individuals with respiratory symptoms were identified, equivalent to 22% of the total population. Of the positive cases, 858 patients (95%) are receiving treatment, while 72 patients (5%) have abandoned treatment. Conclusion: The indicators for measuring the efficiency and effectiveness of the National Tuberculosis Control Program indicate that it is efficient and effective in providing care and solving the health problems of the Maka indigenous population.

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In Colombia, the prevalence of obesity has been increasing in recent years due to changes in dietary and nutritional patterns. While previous studies have focussed on describing obesity and its associated factors, they have mainly used a cross-sectional methodology. Accordingly, this study aims to conduct a descriptive quasi-cohort analysis to capture age-specific cohort trends in body mass index (BMI) according to sex and ethnicity (indigenous, Afro-Colombian, and the remaining population). The study utilised data from the National Survey of the Nutritional Situation in Colombia (ENSIN) conducted in 2005, 2010, and 2015 that included 214,136 individuals aged 20-64 years after screening. Data on ethnicity were only available from the 2010 and 2015 surveys. Overall, the prevalence of obesity increased by 6.1 percentage points (from 15.2% to 21.3%) between 2005 and 2015 (men from 10.4% to 15.7%; women from 18.2% to 25.7%). Among Afro-Colombians, obesity rose 6.6 percentage points (from 19.4% to 26.0%), again more so in women than in men (2015: 35.2% versus 17.8%). Among indigenous people, the proportion increased by 5.3 percentage points (from 13.5% to 18.8%), with women reporting highest rates (2015: 23.7% against 12.6% in men). Age- and cohort-specific results also indicate that recent adult cohorts are experiencing sharp increases in BMI, for example, while 25-29-year-old males born in 1975-1979 had a BMI of 24.2 kg/m2, among 40-44-year-olds of the same cohort, this equalled 26.8 kg/m2. In the case of women, these age differences in BMI among the same cohort are even greater (24.4 and 28.0 kg/m2). In summary, the results of this study indicate that Colombia is still in the early stages of the obesity transition, urging the need to monitor obesity trends in Colombia from both an age and cohort perspective. To achieve this, longitudinal surveys or repeated cross-sectional surveys like the ENSIN could be utilised.

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ABSTRACT This article points out deficiencies in present-day definitions of public health surveillance, which include data collection, analysis, interpretation and dissemination, but not public health action. Controlling a public health problem of concern requires a public health response that goes beyond information dissemination. It is undesirable to have public health divided into data generation processes (public health surveillance) and data use processes (public health response), managed by two separate groups (surveillance experts and policy-makers). It is time to rethink the need to modernize the definition of public health surveillance, inspired by the authors' enhanced Data, Information, Knowledge, Intelligence and Wisdom model. Our recommendations include expanding the scope of public health surveillance beyond information dissemination to comprise actionable knowledge (intelligence); mandating surveillance experts to assist policy-makers in making evidence-informed decisions; encouraging surveillance experts to become policy-makers; and incorporating public health literacy training - from data to knowledge to wisdom - into the curricula for all public health professionals. Work on modernizing the scope and definition of public health surveillance will be a good starting point.

RESUMEN En este artículo se señalan las deficiencias de las definiciones actuales de la vigilancia de salud pública, que incluyen la recopilación, el análisis, la interpretación y la difusión de los datos, pero no las medidas de salud pública. El control de un problema de salud pública de interés exige una respuesta de salud pública que vaya más allá de la difusión de información. No es deseable que la salud pública esté dividida por un lado en procesos de generación de datos (vigilancia de salud pública) y por otro en procesos de uso de datos (respuesta de salud pública), gestionados por dos grupos diferentes (expertos en vigilancia y responsables de la formulación de políticas). Ha llegado el momento de replantear la necesidad de modernizar la definición de la vigilancia de salud pública tomando como referencia el modelo mejorado de Datos, Información, Conocimiento, Inteligencia y Sabiduría de los autores. Entre las recomendaciones que se proponen se encuentran las de ampliar el alcance de la vigilancia de salud pública más allá de la difusión de información para que incluya también el conocimiento aplicable (inteligencia); instar a los expertos en vigilancia a que presten ayuda a los responsables de la formulación de políticas en la toma de decisiones basadas en la evidencia; alentar a los expertos en vigilancia a que se conviertan en responsables de la formulación de políticas; e incorporar la formación en conocimientos básicos de salud pública (desde los datos hasta los conocimientos y la sabiduría) en los planes de estudio de todos los profesionales de la salud pública. Un buen punto de partida será trabajar en la modernización del alcance y la definición de la vigilancia de salud pública.

RESUMO Este artigo aponta deficiências nas definições atuais de vigilância em saúde pública, que incluem coleta, análise, interpretação e disseminação de dados, mas não ações de saúde pública. O controle de um problema preocupante de saúde pública exige uma resposta de saúde pública que vá além da disseminação de informações. A saúde pública não deve ser dividida em processos de geração de dados (vigilância em saúde pública) e processos de uso de dados (resposta de saúde pública) gerenciados por dois grupos distintos (especialistas em vigilância e formuladores de políticas). É hora de repensar a necessidade de modernizar a definição de vigilância em saúde pública, inspirada no modelo aprimorado de Dados, Informações, Conhecimento, Inteligência e Sabedoria dos autores. Nossas recomendações incluem: expansão do escopo da vigilância em saúde pública para além da disseminação de informações, de modo a abranger conhecimentos acionáveis (inteligência); obrigatoriedade de que os especialistas em vigilância auxiliem os formuladores de políticas na tomada de decisões baseadas em evidências; incentivo para que os especialistas em vigilância se tornem formuladores de políticas; e incorporação de capacitação em letramento em saúde pública (partindo dos dados para o conhecimento e em seguida para a sabedoria) nos currículos de todos os profissionais de saúde pública. O trabalho de modernizar o escopo e a definição de vigilância em saúde pública será um bom ponto de partida.

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Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o uso dos serviços de saúde por pessoas idosas residentes em áreas urbanas e rurais do Brasil. Método Estudo transversal que analisou dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2019, referentes aos moradores idosos (≥60 anos) selecionados nos domicílios, totalizando 22.728 entrevistas (3.300 em área rural e 19.426 em área urbana). Foram estimadas para as áreas rurais e urbanas as prevalências de cadastro na Estratégia Saúde da Família, intervalo de tempo da última consulta médica e odontológica, procura do serviço nas últimas duas semanas, última aferição da pressão arterial e da glicemia e avaliados os fatores associados à utilização dos serviços de saúde médicos e odontológicos nos últimos 12 meses. Resultados A autopercepção da saúde como 'muito boa' ou 'boa' foi maior na área urbana (47,32%), assim como a proporção de pessoas idosas que relataram consulta médica e odontológica nos últimos 12 meses (90,54%). Evidenciou-se menor frequência do acompanhamento da aferição de pressão arterial (81,30%) e da glicemia (45,83%) em áreas rurais. As pessoas idosas que possuem baixa escolaridade, residem em áreas rurais, na região Norte são as que possuem menor chance de utilização dos serviços. Conclusão A população idosa residente em área rural apresenta piores condições de saúde em relação à população residente em área urbana.

Abstract Objective To assess health services utilization by older adults in urban and rural areas of Brazil. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted analyzing data from the 2019 National Health Survey on older adults (≥60 years) selected from households based on 22,728 interviews (3,300 in rural and 19,426 in urban areas). For rural and urban areas, the prevalence of Family Health Strategy enrolment, time since last medical and dental visit, service use in past 2 weeks, and last blood pressure and blood glucose measurements were estimated. Also, the factors associated with medical and dental health services utilization in the past 12 months were explored. Results Self-rated health of "Very good" or "Good" was greater in urban areas (47.32%), as was the proportion of older adults reporting a medical or dental visit within the last 12 months (90.54%). Rates of blood pressure (81.30%) and glucose (45.83%) monitoring were lower in rural areas. Older individuals that had low education, resided in rural areas, and the North region, had a lower likelihood of using health services Conclusion The older population living in rural areas had poorer health status compared with the urban population.

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Resumo A saúde da população negra (SPN) pode ser compreendida simultaneamente como campo de estudos, de intervenção social e de domínio cultural. Essa complexa esfera de conhecimento e prática surgiu imbricada com demandas de movimentos sociais e de profissionais, sobretudo de mulheres negras, com a finalidade de enfrentar problemas concretos de saúde pública. Como campo de estudos, ainda é incipiente a produção científica no Brasil. Dado esse contexto, conduzimos esta investigação com o objetivo de demonstrar como tem se estruturado a produção sobre SPN no país nas últimas três décadas. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática integrativa, que visa a síntese e a análise do conhecimento científico já produzido sobre esse tema. Selecionamos 400 trabalhos publicados entre 1998 e 2020 e analisamos a evolução do volume de produção, seus lócus (estados, instituições, áreas científicas e abrangência territorial), temáticas e metodologias, bem como alguns desses intercruzamentos. Como resultado, encontramos um aumento notório do volume de pesquisas mais recentemente, em um campo interdisciplinar e com maior diversidade temática em relação aos estudos pioneiros. Essa evolução pode apontar um processo de consolidação do campo de estudos sobre saúde e raça no Brasil, ainda que os sinais apresentados sejam ambíguos.

Abstract Black population health (BPH) can be understood, at the same time, as a field of study, of social intervention, and of cultural domain. This complex sphere of knowledge and practice emerged from the demands of social movements, especially those of black women, to face concrete public health problems. As a field of study, scientific production in Brazil is still incipient. Given this context, we conducted this investigation to demonstrate how the production on BPH has been structured in Brazil in the last three decades. This is an integrative systematic review that aims to synthesize and analyze the scientific knowledge already produced on this topic. We selected 400 works among articles, theses, and dissertations published between 1998 and 2020 and analyzed the evolution of the production volume, its locus (states, institutions, scientific areas, and territorial scope of the studies), themes and methodologies, as well as some of these intercrossing. As a result, we found a notable increase in the research volume in recent years, in an interdisciplinary field with wide thematic diversity in relation to pioneer studies. This evolution may point to a process of consolidation of the field of studies on health and race in Brazil, even if the signs presented are ambiguous.

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A la fecha las vacunas para prevenir el COVID-19, representan la mejor esperanza para combatir el virus, además que éstas constituyeron un reto en la cadena de participación de reparto y distribución para las autoridades estatales en Perú, con respecto a priorizar dentro de la ciudadanía la adecuada administración por parte de quienes participaron en el proceso de vacunación. Objetivo. Analizar la gestión de la distribución y aplicación de la vacuna contra el COVID-19 en el Hospital de Huaycán. Materiales y Métodos. Se diseñó un estudio no experimental, de nivel aplicativo de enfoque cuantitativo, tipo de análisis descriptivo de corte transversal. La población estuvo conformada por 700 profesionales que laboran en dicho hospital. Las técnicas que fueron utilizadas fue la entrevista y la encuesta usando como instrumento un formulario de tipo cuestionario. Resultados. En cuanto a las medidas de prevención del virus en el personal de salud se realizaban pruebas diagnósticas a los trabajadores (pruebas rápidas y PCR) para identificar los casos sospechosos a un total de 2590 trabajadores, de los cuales 2372 se les realizó pruebas rápidas y 218 hisopados. En cuanto al nivel de ejecución de la vacunación se pudo determinar que totalidad de los trabajadores del Hospital de Huaycán, no alcanzaron a estar vacunados en el tiempo de aplicación de vacuna. Conclusiones. La gestión de la distribución y aplicación de la vacuna contra el COVID-19 en el Hospital de Huaycán revela una serie de aspectos tanto positivos como preocupantes. Si bien se observan indicadores de gestión adecuados en la administración de la vacuna, es evidente que la cobertura no ha alcanzado el 100%, lo cual implica retos en términos de alcance y eficacia de la inmunización en la población hospitalaria.

To date, vaccines to prevent COVID-19 represent the best hope for combating the virus, and they represent a challenge in the chain of distribution and distribution participation for state authorities in Peru, with respect to prioritizing the adequate administration by those who participated in the vaccination process among the citizens. Objective. To analyze the management of the distribution and application of the vaccine against COVID-19 in the Huaycán Hospital. Materials and Methods. A non-experimental study was designed, with a quantitative approach, descriptive cross-sectional analysis. The population consisted of 700 professionals working in the hospital. The techniques used were the interview and the survey using a questionnaire-type form as an instrument. Results. Regarding virus prevention measures in health personnel, diagnostic tests were performed on workers (rapid tests and PCR) to identify suspected cases in a total of 2,590 workers, of whom 2,372 underwent rapid tests and 218 swabs. As for the level of implementation of vaccination, it was determined that all the workers of the Hospital de Huaycán were not vaccinated at the time of vaccine application. Conclusions. The management of the distribution and application of the vaccine against COVID-19 in the Huaycán Hospital reveals a series of both positive and worrying aspects. Although adequate management indicators are observed in the administration of the vaccine, it is evident that coverage has not reached 100%, which implies challenges in terms of scope and efficacy of immunization in the hospital population.

Até o momento, as vacinas para prevenir a COVID-19 representam a melhor esperança para o combate ao vírus e têm representado um desafio na cadeia de participação na distribuição e distribuição para as autoridades estatais no Peru, com relação à priorização da administração adequada por parte dos envolvidos no processo de vacinação entre os cidadãos. Objetivo. Analisar a gestão da distribuição e aplicação da vacina contra a COVID-19 no Hospital Huaycán. Materiais e métodos. Foi projetado um estudo não experimental, com uma análise quantitativa, descritiva, transversal e transversal. A população foi composta por 700 profissionais que trabalham no hospital. As técnicas utilizadas foram entrevistas e pesquisas usando um formulário do tipo questionário como instrumento. Resultados. Em termos de medidas de prevenção do vírus entre o pessoal de saúde, foram realizados testes diagnósticos nos trabalhadores (testes rápidos e PCR) para identificar casos suspeitos em um total de 2.590 trabalhadores, dos quais 2.372 foram submetidos a testes rápidos e 218 a swabs. Em termos do nível de implementação da vacinação, foi determinado que todos os trabalhadores do Hospital Huaycán não foram vacinados dentro do período de vacinação. Conclusões. O gerenciamento da distribuição e aplicação da vacina contra a COVID-19 no Hospital Huaycán revela uma série de aspectos positivos e preocupantes. Embora sejam observados indicadores de gestão adequados na administração da vacina, é evidente que a cobertura não atingiu 100%, o que implica desafios em termos de alcance e eficácia da imunização na população do hospital.

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BACKGROUND: Puerto Rico, a US territory, faces numerous challenges adversely affecting public health, including poverty, a fragile healthcare system, inadequate infrastructure, a debt crisis, and vulnerability to climate change-related natural disasters. The impact of these factors on the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) measure has not been comprehensively evaluated. Only two studies have assessed HRQoL, with the latest conducted in 2011, prior to recent events that could affect public health. This study aimed to assess the HRQoL and associated sociodemographic and health risk factors among adults living in Puerto Rico in 2019. METHODS: Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals were used to describe HRQoL and its associations with sociodemographic and health-related variables among adults living in Puerto Rico who answered the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey (n = 4,944) in 2019. Multivariable logistic regression models were developed to identify which of these variables were more likely to be associated with each of the four core HRQoL questions (HRQoL-4), expressed as prevalence odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: Through a comprehensive multivariable analysis, we uncovered significant risk factors - increasing number of chronic conditions, advanced age, and low income - associated with poor HRQoL among adults living in Puerto Rico. Specifically, our findings suggest that individuals with an increasing number of chronic conditions were more likely to report poor HRQoL across all 4 domains. As the number of reported chronic conditions increases by one, the odds of reporting having: fair/poor general health increased by a factor of 2.24 (POR: 2.24, 95% CI: 2.08-2.41), physical health impairment increased by a factor of 1.93 (POR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.78-2.08), mental health impairment increased by a factor of 1.90 (POR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.78-2.02) and activity limitation increased by a factor of 1.27 ( POR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.13-1.42). Advancing age was associated with all domains of poor HRQoL, except for the mental health domain for which we observed higher rates of poor HRQoL among the younger population (POR: 4.76, 95% CI: 2.4-9.1). CONCLUSION: This paper shows that the prevalence of poor HRQoL has not improved compared to the only previous study of HRQoL of Puerto Rico in the last decade. We also found that poor HRQoL is associated with having multiple chronic conditions in adults living in Puerto Rico. This may be a consequence of a decline in health services after natural disasters and socioeconomic downturns on the island. The study emphasizes the need for targeted interventions and ongoing monitoring of the population's HRQoL over time to reach vulnerable subgroups, especially those with chronic conditions, advanced age, and low income, in order to reduce health disparities in Puerto Rico.

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Prevention capacity of local health organisations is associated with the performance and outcomes in public health. In Colombia, where cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, there is limited knowledge about the capacity of local health departments to prevent this condition. Efforts are needed to address problems, potential solutions and expected outcomes regarding cardiovascular disease. In this study, a conceptual model for cardiovascular disease prevention capacity in Colombian local health departments was developed, a questionnaire based on this model was validated, the overall cardiovascular disease prevention capacity in a subsample of these organisations was measured, and the association between cardiovascular disease prevention capacity and political, population, and organisational factors was examined. Once the acceptable performance of the questionnaire was verified, variability in cardiovascular prevention capacity was found among a subsample of local health departments. Furthermore, this study provides primary evidence regarding the association between the size of local health departments and overall cardiovascular disease prevention capacity in Colombia. Future studies should focus on measuring this capacity on a larger scale and developing, implementing, and evaluating interventions aimed at strengthening cardiovascular prevention capacity in Colombian local jurisdictions.

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The aim of this scoping review was to map the literature related to the "Academia da Saúde" Program, including the objective and rationale of the studies, activities carried out in the program's centers, as well as the actors involved in these actions. The search for evidence was conducted in the MEDLINE, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus, COCHRANE, and SciELO databases. Additional evidence was investigated in the Catalog of Theses and Dissertations of the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES-Brazil) and in the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, in addition to manual searches in the references of the studies/documents. Out of 642 initial records, the information synthesis was composed of 74 studies/documents (n = 54; 73.0% scientific articles, n = 48; 64.9% with cross-sectional design, n = 45; 60.8% quantitative analysis). Nutrition (n = 24; 32.2%) and evaluation of the Program (n = 27; 36.5%) were the main themes analyzed. Regarding the participant/object analyzed in each study, users (n = 39; 52.6%) were the main actors investigated. Future studies should consider investigating the effectiveness of the actions developed in the program centers, especially physical activity and healthy eating practices.

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Abstract Objective: The comparative network analysis of national health macrosystems is an area whose academic development has not reached due relevance if its influence on decision-making related to the design of public health policies is considered; the establishment of comparative elements between two socially, economically and culturally distant countries, such as Mexico and China, is a complex process given the difficulty of locating equivalent evaluation indicators among some of its elements. Materials and methods: The present work reflects on the similarities and dissimilarities between the national health systems, with an impact on the care provided to the most vulnerable population segments, applying a comparative nodes and networks analysis considering social and economic factors. Results: The network analysis shows that, for practical purposes, the nodes considered in the Mexican health system is superior to those nodes identified in the Chinese health system in terms of quality, mainly in nodes such as convenience of the location, using cutting-edge technology in health institutions and the skill and competence of medical personnel; conversely, the Chinese system is superior to the Mexican in terms of efficiency, mainly involuntary co-payment insurance systems to reduce the catastrophic health expenditure of the vulnerable rural population. Conclusions: The conclusions drawn may serve for subsequent studies to identify opportunities for improvement, correlations and/or trends that could be implemented in the Mexican health system, once the pertinent feasibility studies have been carried out.

Resumen Objetivo: El análisis de redes comparativo de macrosistemas nacionales de salud es un ámbito cuyo desarrollo académico no ha alcanzado la relevancia debida si se considera su influencia en la toma de decisiones relativas al diseño de políticas de salud pública. Así, el establecimiento de elementos comparativos entre dos países social, económica y culturalmente distantes, como México y China, es un proceso complejo dada la dificultad de ubicar indicadores equivalentes de evaluación entre algunos de sus elementos. Materiales y método: El presente trabajo reflexiona sobre las similitudes y diferencias entre los mencionados sistemas nacionales de salud, con incidencia en la atención que se brinda a los segmentos poblacionales más vulnerables, aplicando un análisis comparativo de nodos y redes considerando factores sociales y económicos. Resultados: El análisis de red muestra que, para efectos prácticos, los nodos considerados en el sistema de salud mexicano son superiores a los nodos identificados en el sistema de salud chino en términos de calidad, principalmente en nodos como conveniencia de la ubicación, utilizando tecnología de punta en instituciones de salud y la habilidad y competencia del personal médico; Por el contrario, el sistema chino es superior al mexicano en términos de eficiencia, principalmente sistemas de seguro de copago involuntario para reducir el gasto catastrófico en salud de la población rural vulnerable. Conclusiones: Las conclusiones extraídas podrán servir a estudios posteriores para identificar oportunidades de mejora, correlaciones y/o tendencias que pudieran implementarse en el sistema mexicano de salud, una vez efectuados los estudios de viabilidad pertinentes.

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Human populations and ecosystems are extensively exposed to pesticides. Most nations lack the capacity to control pesticide contamination and have limited availability of pesticide use information. Ecuador is a country with intense pesticide use with high exposure risks to humans and the environment, although relative or combined risks are not well understood. Here, we analyzed the distribution of application rates in Ecuador and identified regions of concern because of high potential exposure. We used a geospatial analysis to identify grid cells (∼8 km × 8 km) where the highest pesticide application rates and density of human populations overlap. Furthermore, we identified other regions of concern based on the number of amphibian species as an indicator of ecosystem integrity and the location of natural protected areas. We found that 28% of Ecuador's population dwelled in areas with high pesticide application rate. We identified an area of ∼512 km2 in the Amazon region where high application rates, large human settlements, and a high number of amphibian species overlapped. Additionally, we distinguished clusters of pesticide application rates and human populations that intersected with natural protected areas. Ecuador exemplifies how pesticides are disproportionately applied in areas with the potential to affect human health and ecosystems' integrity. Global estimates of population dwelling, pesticide application rates, and environmental factors are key in prioritizing locations to conduct further exposure assessments. The modular and scalable nature of the geospatial tools we developed can be expanded and adapted to other regions of the world where data on pesticide use are limited.