RESUMEN
As plantas medicinais são usadas desde a antiguidade para tratar diversas doenças e, têm subsidiado a pesquisa farmacêutica na descoberta de novos agentes biologicamente ativos. Neste contexto, foi realizada a prospecção fitoquímica, a avaliação das atividades citotóxica, antimicrobiana e antioxidante do extrato etanólico obtido das folhas da espécie Scleronema micranthum Ducke (Bombacaceae), conhecida popularmente como cedrinho. Os resultados obtidos na prospecção fitoquímica sugerem a presença dos componentes metabólicos leucoantocianidinas, flavonoides, saponinas e fenóis. As moderadas atividades citotóxica e antioxidante estabelecidas para o extrato bruto, podem despertar o interesse das empresas farmacêuticas em razão da pesquisa por novos agentes antitumorais e anti-inflamatórios oriundos da Floresta Amazônica. Deste modo, os resultados obtidos neste estudo representam uma clara oportunidade para gerar benefícios econômicos e estimular a competitividade da indústria farmacêutica nacional, a partir da prospecção de novos agentes bioativos aplicados ao controle de doenças de importância para a saúde pública.(AU)
Medicinal plants are used since ancient times to treat various diseases and have subsidized pharmaceutical research in the discovery of new biologically active agents. In this context, we evaluated the phytochemical prospection, the cytotoxicity, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extract obtained from the leaves of the species Scleronema micranthum Ducke (Bombacaceae), popularly known as "cedrinho". The results achieved in this phytochemical prospection suggest the presence of leucoanthocyanidins, flavonoids, saponins and phenols, as metabolic components. The moderate cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of the crude extract can arouse the interest of pharmaceutical companies in search of new antitumor and anti-inflammatory agents derived from the Amazon Rainforest. We hope the results obtained in this study indicates a clear opportunity of generating economic benefits and boosting the competitiveness of the national pharmaceutical industry, prospecting new bioactive agents to control diseases of public health importance.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Bombacaceae/química , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/química , Antiinfecciosos/química , Antioxidantes/química , Bombacaceae/efectos adversos , Citotoxinas/químicaRESUMEN
Introduction: Helenium cf. amarum (Raf.) H. Rock is a plant of the family Asteraceae. Its common name is yellow camomile. It is used as tranquilizer, stimulant and digestive, and for the treatment of nausea, fever and skin disorders. Objectives: carry out a phytochemical screening and evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effect of a crude hydroalcoholic extract of Helenium amarum using the Allium cepa test. Methods: seeds of Allium cepa were subjected to germination at four concentrations (0.6, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mg/ml) of H. amarum crude leaf extract. After being dried in an oven for 5 days, they were pulverized and macerated in 70 % ethanol at room temperature for 72 hours. The extract was then filtered and the liquid phase subjected to a rotary evaporator. Two sorts of treatment were applied: 1) continuous treatment: the seeds were germinated directly in the extract at different concentrations. 2) intermittent treatment: the seeds were first germinated in Milli-Q water until they grew 2 cm long rootlets, and were then exposed to different extract concentrations. Results: the germination rate was affected by extract concentration, and was lower than that of the negative control in all treatments. The mitotic index for all concentrations was lower than that of controls for both treatments. In batch processing, the aneugenic effects index at the assayed concentrations was lower than that of controls, whereas the clastogenic index was 1 % for the control and treatments 1 and 3 mg/ml, lower than 1 % for treatments 0.6 and 2 mg/ml, and 20 % for the positive control. Phytochemical screening showed positive results for tannins and steroids. Conclusions: Helenium amarum has toxic and cytotoxic effects and allelopathic action, but not genotoxic effects at the assayed concentrations.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The use and investigation of natural products with antimicrobial activity from vegeral source have been reported by several researchers. Cajanus cajan (Fabaceae) is a multiple use specie mainly as human food. In popular medicine, diverse parts of the plant are used as sedative and to treat cough, hepatitis, and diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study shows the characterization of secondary metabolites present in ehtanolic extracts from leaves and roots of Cajanus cajan by phytochemical prospection. The evaluation of the antifungal activity was performed by the microdilution method, and from the subinhibitory concentrations (MIC 1/8) the modulatory activity of antifungical (fluconazole and ketoconazole) was analyzed by the direct contact assay against C. albicans ATCC40006, Candida krusei ATCC 6538 and Candida tropicalis ATCC 40042. RESULTS: The results showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, and alkaloids in both extracts as the clinically relevant antifungal activity. The modulatory potential is presented by the antifungal tested against yeasts. CONCLUSION: The extracts studied here have demonstrated to be a new therapeutic source to treat these microorganism-associated diseases.
RESUMEN
O maracujazeiro amarelo é propagado por sementes que apresentam problemas na sua germinação devido à presença do arilo que pode conter substâncias inibidoras. O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de identificar as classes de metabolitos especiais contidas no arilo das sementes de maracujá amarelo. Para isso, após a extração do arilo das sementes de maracujá amarelo, foram obtidos os extratos de diclorometano e metanol. As classes foram identificadas por meio de prospecção fitoquímica aliada à análise de espectros de infravermelho e ressonância magnética nuclear de hidrogênio (RMN 1H) de frações dos extratos obtidas com fracionamento em coluna de gel de sílica. Para avaliação da sensibilidade das sementes a essas substâncias, foram instalados testes de germinação com sementes de alface. No extrato de arilo obtido com diclorometano, identificaram-se esteróides e triterpenóides, verificou-se inibição da germinação das sementes. No extrato metanólico, identificaram-se açúcares redutores e verificou-se redução da germinação das sementes.
The passion fruit is propagated by seeds that have problems in their germination due to the presence of aryl which may contain inhibitory substances. The aim of this research was to identify the metabolites classes contained on the aril of yellow passion fruit. For this, after arils extraction, dichlorometane and methanol extracts were obtained. The Classes of metabolites were identified by phytochemical screening coupled with infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and extract fractions were obtained by fractionation on a column of silica gel. To evaluate the sensitivity of seeds to these substances, germination tests with lettuce seeds were installed. In aril extract obtained with dichloromethane, steroids and triterpenoids were identified and inhibition of seeds germination observed. In the methanol extract, reducing sugars were found and it was verified reduction of seeds germination.
RESUMEN
Davilla elliptica St.-Hil. é empregada popularmente no tratamento de hemorróidas, diarréias e ferimentos. O propósito deste trabalho foi realizar o estudo farmacognóstico de folhas de D. elliptica de dois locais do Estado de Goiás. Cortes paradérmicos e transversais foram submetidos a técnicas usuais de microscopia óptica. As folhas de D. elliptica são hipoestomáticas, sendo os estômatos predominantemente paracíticos. Na epiderme observam-se tricomas unicelulares em ambas faces. O mesofilo é isobilateral e apresenta idioblastos cristalíferos. O sistema vascular na nervura principal é constituído por três feixes vasculares, formando uma estrutura circular. No pecíolo o sistema vascular apresenta uma estrutura circular formada, provavelmente, pela união de vários feixes vasculares. O material pulverizado foi submetido a testes de prospecção fitoquímica, de pureza e quantitativo. Foi constatada a presença de taninos, cumarinas, resinas, flavonóides, saponinas, esteróides e triterpenóides. Os teores de cinzas totais foram de 10,32 por cento e 12,26 por cento; os de cinzas insolúveis em ácido, 7,46 por cento e 9,68 por cento; e os de umidade, 9,92 por cento e 9,50 por cento. Os teores de flavonóides totais foram de 1,20 por cento e 1,48 por cento, e os de taninos 9,89 por cento e 13,96 por cento. Devido ao número reduzido de amostras, não é possível afirmar, através deste estudo, que o perfil farmacognóstico de D. elliptica seja influenciado por fatores abióticos.
Davilla elliptica St.-Hil. is popularly used in the treatment of hemorrhoid, diarrhea and wounds. The aim of this work was to characterize pharmacognosticaly two leaves samples of D. elliptica. Paradermal and transversal sections had been submitted the usual techniques of optical microscopy. The leaves of D. elliptica are hypostomatics, and the stomata predominantly paracytic. In both epidermis were observed unicellular non-glandular trichomes. The mesophyll is isolateral and shows idioblasts with crystals in raphide. The vascular system in the midrib is constituted by three vascular bundles, forming a circular structure. The petiole shows a circular structure probably formed by union of many vascular bundles localized in the central region. The powdered plant material was submitted to tests of phytochemical prospection, of purity and quantitative. There had been evidenced the presence of tannins, coumarins, resins, flavonoids, saponins and steroids. The content of total ashes was of 10,32 percent and 12,26 percent, insoluble in acid of 7,46 percent and 9,68 percent; the humidity of 9,92 percent and 9,50 percent. The flavonoids contents was of 1,20 percent and 1,48 percent; the tannins contents was of 9,89 percent and 13,96 percent. Because of the reduced number of samples, it was not possible to affirm through this study that the pharmacognostic profile de D. elliptica is influenced by abiotics factors.