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OBJECTIVES: To characterize which strategies of professional identity formation and professionalism are being used in Pharmacy. FINDINGS: We gathered 5004 articles from 5 databases with the descriptors "pharmacy" "professionalism," "professional identity" and their synonyms. The professional identity is a set of values and behaviors common among professionals. Professionalism is the moral compass of these values, used as a strategy to own social authenticity. After excluding duplicate texts, analyzing titles, abstracts, and full articles, 17 studies met the inclusion criteria and presented strategies for the formation of professional identity and professionalism in pharmacy students. We did not find studies with pharmacists. The quality of reports was assessed using 2 instruments recommended by the literature. All studies were conducted from 2007 onwards, and the United States is the country with the most publications. The identified strategies consisted of extracurricular activities, thematic courses, lectures, and counseling sessions and did not follow standards of theoretical reference, method, execution, duration, and effectiveness of evaluation. SUMMARY: The interest of Pharmacy about professional identity and professionalism has grown substantially in recent years. Teaching strategies are essential alternatives to improve professionalism, reinforce its importance, and acknowledge its heterogeneity and differences. For that, they must be in line with the aims of the profession in society. This review highlights the need to develop standardized and reproducible teaching strategies to guarantee the effectiveness of students' professional socialization during graduation, as well as to instruct professionals to deal with the changes in the profession, increasing the influence of Pharmacy in society.

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Background: There are a few studies about preceptorship in primary health care settings, but they didn't assess all possible contributions of this experience, such as preceptor behavioral changes and impact on health services. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the perspective of pharmacy student preceptors on a service-learning program carried out in a primary health care setting. Methods: This was a qualitative descriptive study, with semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis. The themes were defined deductively, according to levels of Kirkpatrick's theory about the impact of educational activities. Results: The preceptors showed positive and negative reactions to the structure of the service-learning program, developed their knowledge, changed behaviors such as collaborative interprofessional practice, and reported improvements in the health units. Conclusions: From the perspective of pharmacy student preceptor preceptors, the service-learning program had an impact on all levels expected for an educational activity according to Kirkpatrick's theory: reaction, learning, behavior, and results. These findings may inform the design of service-learning programs.

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Abstract Medicinal chemistry made it possible for pharmacists to propose pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics explanations of many existing drugs. Moreover, medicinal chemistry education provides pharmacy students with a reasonable understanding of drug physicochemical properties, mechanism of action (MOA), side effects, metabolism and structure-activity relationship (SAR). This paper highlights the importance of these medicinal chemistry key elements in understanding other pharmacy core courses, mainly pharmacology and clinical therapeutics. Such elements can be utilized as a tool for pharmacists while training or counseling their patients on the use of their treatments. Different new examples from the literature have been incorporated in this paper to show how chemical structures of existing drugs can provide essential information about main concepts in the education of pharmacology and clinical therapeutics, and the key structural elements for the discovery and development of other same class drugs.

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Objective. To map undergraduate pharmacy students' use of medications for anxiety and depression and associated factors at one university in Brazil.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July 2019 among undergraduate pharmacy students at one university. Data regarding sociodemographic issues and the use of psychotropics were collected using an online questionnaire. Exploratory descriptive analysis of data, the chi-square test, and multivariate binary logistic regression were performed to identify factors associated with the use of medications for anxiety and depression.Results. Of 900 students enrolled, usable survey responses were received from 198. Most respondents were female with a mean age of 22.3 years. Among these, 17.7% of pharmacy students used medications to treat anxiety and 13.1% used medications for depression. The most common psychotropics were escitalopram and fluoxetine. There were two peak usage times: the initial and final year of pharmacy school. Dissatisfaction with the pharmacy program and psychological care were significantly associated with the use of medications for anxiety. In contrast, monthly income from three to 15 times the minimum wage, religiosity/spirituality, and psychological care were associated with students' use of medications for depression.Conclusion. There was a high prevalence of medication use to treat anxiety and depression among undergraduate pharmacy students, and this use was associated with psychological care, monthly income, and religiosity/spirituality.

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INTRODUCTION: Considering the transformation process that has been occurring in pharmacy education and the urgent need to address social health needs, proposals of teaching methods for the development of competences and skills in patient-centered care have become an issue worth discussing. The study describes and discusses the method that has been used for developing of these competencies through experiential learning in a university pharmacy in Brazil. EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY: The Teaching and Learning of Pharmacy Services (TLPS) method encompasses 2 components: theoretical-reflexive one (developing protocols covering the patient care process) and practical-reflexive one (using the protocols with real patients). TLPS connects the 2 components in a way to enable students to acquire and apply theoretical knowledge for a comprehensive assessment of the patients' needs and understand how clinical reasoning and decision-making take place. The assessment process is performed, by the supervisor, which evaluates the behaviors necessary for good professional performance. DISCUSSION: The active learning methodologies have been effectively used in the classroom as a way to stimulate critical thinking, problem-solving, and clinical reasoning. However, experiential learning is considered a central point in the learning process and essential for knowledge building. Thus, the method herein described is shown as an innovative tool to promote self-learning, consolidation and interrelation of the acquired knowledge, easier identification of patients' needs, normalization of behaviors, and improvement in the quality of care.

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A prática farmacêutica vem, ao longo dos anos, mudando o seu foco, uma vez que as mudanças de perfil epidemiológico, como a elevação da expectativa de vida, a diversidade de enfermidades crônicas, bem como a morbimortalidade associada ao uso de medicamentos e o aumento dos gastos com saúde, requerem acompanhamento prolongado de pacientes e abordagem integral que contemple as múltiplas dimensões da assistência à saúde dos usuários e da população em geral, com ênfase em prevenção e educação em saúde. Atributos importantes dos profissionais de saúde incluem, mas não estão limitados, à empatia cognitiva, a colaboração interprofissional e as orientações centradas no paciente. Instrumentos de pesquisa para medir cada um desses atributos foram projetados e validados em diferentes graus. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o grau de cooperação entre estudantes de graduação dos cursos de Farmácia e de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Campus da Capital. Trata-se de um estudo do tipo transversal, quantitativo, com aplicação de questionário online construído e validado especificamente para avaliar o grau de cooperação entre estudantes de todos os anos de graduação dos cursos de Farmácia e de Medicina. Os dados foram coletados por meio do envio do questionário aos estudantes dos dois cursos, o qual contempla dados sócio-demográficos, contato prévio com a prática interprofissional e a versão validada para o português do instrumento "Scale of Attitudes Toward Pharmacist-Physician Collaboration". Foi realizada análise estatística empregandose métodos descritivos (média, mediana e desvio padrão) e inferenciais (Software R - teste t de Student e ANOVA). Com o presente estudo, observou-se que, de maneira geral, os estudantes dos dois cursos são favoráveis às práticas interprofissionais, porém, os dados apontam que os estudantes de Farmácia se mostram mais favoráveis a estas práticas quando comparados aos de Medicina. São necessários mais estudos para aprofundar as causas das diferenças encontradas entre os dois grupos e no que diz respeito à relação das atividades de educação interprofissional e a percepção dos estudantes quanto à colaboração médicofarmacêutico

The pharmaceutical practice has, over the years, changing its focus, since the epidemiological profile changes, such as increased life expectancy, the diversity of chronic diseases, as well as the morbidity and mortality associated with the use of drugs and the increase in health spending, require prolonged follow-up of patients and require comprehensive approach that addresses the multiple dimensions of health care users and the general population, with emphasis on prevention and health education. Important health professionals attributes include, but are not limited to cognitive empathy, interprofessional collaboration, and guidance centered on the patient. Research tools to measure each of these attributes have been designed and validated to varying degrees. The objective of this study is to measure and evaluate the level of cooperation among undergraduate students of Pharmacy and Medicine courses at the University of São Paulo, Campus Capital. It is a transversal, quantitative study with online application of online questionnaire developed and validated specifically to evaluate the level of cooperation between students from all undergraduate years of Pharmacy and Medicine courses. Data will be collected by sending the questionnaire to students from both courses. The questionnaire will be prepared on the basis of the Federal University of Sergipe tool and every student can respond to even just once. It will be performed the statistical analysis employing descriptive methods (mean, median and standard deviation) and inferential (Software R - Student's t-test and ANOVA). With the present study, it was observed that, in general, the students of the two courses are favorable to interprofessional practices, however the data indicate that the students of pharmacy are more favorable when compared to those of medicine. Further studies are necessary to look into the causes of the differences found between the two groups and also regarding the relation of the activities of interprofessional education and the students' perception regarding the physician-pharmacist collaboration

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Objetivo Identificar a preocupação com a forma do corpo de estudantes de Farmácia-Bioquímica e sua relação com variáveis sociais e laborais e com o estado nutricional. Métodos Participaram 346 discentes com média de idade de 20,2 (DP = 2,4) anos, sendo 278 (80,3%) do sexo feminino. Utilizou-se o Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). As validades fatorial e convergente e a consistência interna (α) do BSQ foram estimadas. Utilizaram-se como índices de ajustamento o qui-quadrado pelos graus de liberdade (χ2/gl), o Comparative Fit Index (CFI), o Normed Fit Index (NFI) e o Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA). O escore médio de preocupação com a forma do corpo foi obtido por meio de algoritmo gerado na análise fatorial confirmatória. Para comparar os escores médios segundo as variáveis de interesse, utilizou-se Análise de Variância (ANOVA). Resultados O BSQ apresentou, para a amostra de estudo, adequada validade (χ2/gl = 3,29; CFI = 0,87, NFI = 0,82, RMSEA = 0,08) e confiabilidade (α = 0,97) após ajustamento. Verificou-se que as mulheres (p < 0,001) apresentaram maior preocupação com a forma do corpo que os homens. Além disso, os estudantes que avaliaram o curso como pior que as expectativas iniciais (p = 0,048), que consomem medicamentos por causa dos estudos (p < 0,001), que já pensaram em desistir do curso (p = 0,002) e foram classificados com sobrepeso/obesidade (p < 0,001) também apresentaram alta preocupação com a forma do corpo. Conclusão As varáveis sexo, avaliação em relação ao curso, ingestão de medicamentos por causa dos estudos, pensamento em desistir do curso e o estado nutricional apresentaram relação significativa com a preocupação com a forma do corpo entre os estudantes. .

Objective To determine the body shape concern among pharmacy-biochemistry students and its association with several social and labor variables and nutritional status. Methods A total of 346 students (80.3% female) with mean age 20.2 (SD = 2.4) years were asked to answer the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). The factorial and convergent validities and the internal consistencies (α) of the BSQ were calculated. The goodness-of-fit indices, the chi-square by degree of freedom ratio (χ2/df), the comparative fit index (CFI), the normed fit index (NFI), and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) were also used for data analysis. The mean score of body shape concern was estimated using an algorithm generated from the confirmatory factor analysis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the mean scores with variables of interest. Results The BSQ presented adequate validity (χ2/df = 3.29; CFI = .87, NFI = .82, RMSEA = .08), and reliability (α = .97) after fit. Female students showed more body shape concern than male students (p < .001). Furthermore, the students who rated the course as dissatisfactory relative to their initial expectation (p = .048), consumed drugs under academic pressure (p < .001), thought about quitting the course (p = .002), and were overweight/obese (p < .001) also presented greater body shape concern. Conclusion The variables gender, dissatisfaction with the course, drug intake due to academic pressure, desire of quitting the course, and the nutritional status were significantly associated with the body shape concern among the participating students. .

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of B.Sc. Pharmacy students about usage and resistance of antibiotics in Trinidad and Tobago. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study involving B.Sc. Pharmacy students. The questionnaire was divided into five components including Demographics data, knowledge about antibiotic use, attitude toward antibiotic use and resistance, self-antibiotic usage and possible causes of antibiotic resistance. Data were analyzed by employing Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests using SPSS version 20. FINDINGS: The response rate was 83.07%. The results showed good knowledge of antibiotic use among students. The overall attitude of pharmacy students was poor. About 75% of participants rarely use antibiotics, whereas self-decision was the major reason of antibiotic use (40.7%) and main source of information was retail pharmacist (42.6%). Common cold and flu is a major problem for which antibiotics were mainly utilized by pharmacy students (35.2%). CONCLUSION: The study showed good knowledge of pharmacy students regarding antibiotic usage. However, students' attitude towards antibiotic use was poor. The study recommends future studies to be conducted with interventional design to improve knowledge and attitude of pharmacy students about antibiotic use and resistance.

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OBJECTIVE: To use a drug information center training module to teach evidence-based medicine to pharmacy students and to assess their satisfaction with the experience. DESIGN: During the 5-week module, students were taught how to develop information search strategies and to conduct critical analysis of scientific papers. The instructors developed activities based on past requests received by the university's Drug Information Center. The complexity of the assignments increased throughout the module. ASSESSMENT: One hundred twenty-one students were trained between August 2009 and July 2010. Sixty-seven (55.4%) completed a voluntary assessment form at the completion of the 5-week module. Students' feedback was positive, with 11 students suggesting that the module be integrated into the undergraduate curriculum. The most frequently (52.2%) mentioned area of dissatisfaction was with the performance of computers in the computer laboratory. CONCLUSIONS: The drug information center training module was an effective tool for teaching evidence-based medicine to pharmacy students. Additional research is needed to determine whether graduates are able to apply the knowledge and skills learned in the module to the pharmacy practice setting.

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Bebidas alcoólicas são amplamente consumidas, porém o consumo não moderado representa prejuízos. Estudo transversal com o objetivo de determinar a prevalência do consumo de álcool entre acadêmicos de farmácia da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, em São Luís. Foram aplicados dois questionários entre maio e junho de 2011: o primeiro baseado em um modelo da Organização Mundial de Saúde e o segundo o teste CAGE (Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opened), que avalia dependência alcoólica. Participaram 76 estudantes com o seguinte perfil: 30 homens e 46 mulheres, faixa etária entre 17 e 32 anos e renda a partir de R$ 3.840,00. A prevalência do uso de álcool foi de 87%, sendo maior entre homens. O teste CAGE evidenciou que 4% apresentavam problemas físico-psíquicos. Destacou-se o fato de que 31% nunca receberam informações na faculdade sobre o consumo de álcool. Conclui-se que há necessidade de abordar esse tópico junto aos estudantes.

Alcoholic beverages are widely consumed, but immoderate consumption is prejudicial. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of alcohol consumption among Pharmacy students at Maranhão Federal University, São Luís. Two questionnaires were applied between May and June of 2011, the first based on a World Health Organization model and the second, the CAGE (Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opened) test, which determines alcohol dependence. The sample consisted of 76 students with the following profile: 30 men and 46 women, from 17 to 32 years old with income ³ R$ 3,840.00. Overall prevalence of alcohol consumption was 87%, but higher among men. The CAGE test showed that 4% had physical and/or psychological problems. Strikingly, 31% received no information at college about alcohol consumption. It was concluded that this topic needs to be addressed with the students.

Las bebidas alcohólicas se consumen ampliamente, pero el uso no moderado representa perjuicios. Estudio transversal para determinar la prevalencia del consumo de alcohol entre académicos de farmacia de la Universidad Federal de Maranhão, en São Luís-MA-Brasil. Fueron utilizados dos cuestionarios entre mayo y junio de 2011: el primer basado en un modelo de la Organización Mundial de Salud y el segundo la prueba de dependencia alcohólica CAGE (Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opened). La muestra consistió en 76 estudiantes con el siguiente perfil: 30 hombres y 46 mujeres, entre 17 y 32 años y renta de $ 3.840.00. La prevalencia del consumo de alcohol fue 87%, siendo mayor entre hombres. La prueba CAGE mostró problemas físico-psíquico de 4%. Fue importante el hecho que 31% nunca recibió información en la Universidad sobre el consumo de alcohol. Se concluye que es necesario abordar este tema con los estudiantes.

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