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The pharmaceutical education system underwent major changes in 2006 by extending the period of completion to six years. The decision was made by a resolution in the Diet, but a supplementary resolution was submitted at that time. In this paper, we discussed whether on-site pharmaceutical education complies with the accompanying resolution. As a result, current pharmaceutical education generally complies with what is stated in the supplementary resolutions.

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BACKGROUND: The assessment of the effectiveness of teaching interventions in enhancing students' understanding of the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) Classification System is crucial in pharmaceutical education. This is especially true in regions like China, where the integration of the PCNE system into undergraduate teaching is limited, despite its recognized benefits in addressing drug-related problems in clinical pharmacy practice. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching interventions in improving students' understanding of the PCNE Classification System in pharmaceutical education. METHODS: Undergraduate pharmacy students participated in a series of sessions focused on the PCNE system, including lectures (t1), case analyses (t2), and practical implementation (t3). The levels of understanding were evaluated using time-course questionnaires. Initially, paired samples t-Tests were used to compare understanding levels between different time points. Subsequently, Repeated Measures Analysis (RMA) was employed. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between understanding levels and the usability and likelihood of using the PCNE system, as reported in the questionnaires. RESULTS: The paired samples t-Tests indicated insignificant differences between t2 and t3, suggesting limited improvement following the practical implementation of the PCNE system. However, RMA revealed significant time effects on understanding levels in effective respondents and the focused subgroup without prior experience (random intercept models: all p < 0.001; random slope models: all p < 0.001). These results confirmed the effectiveness of all three teaching interventions. Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated significant positive correlations between understanding levels and the usability and likelihood of using the PCNE system at all examined time points. This finding highlighted the reliability of the understanding levels reported in the questionnaires. The homework scores were used as external calibration standards, providing robust external validation of the questionnaire's validity. CONCLUSION: The implementation of RMA provided robust evidence of the positive impact of time on understanding levels. This affirmed the effectiveness of all teaching interventions in enhancing students' comprehension of the PCNE Classification System. By utilizing RMA, potential errors inherent in common statistical methods, such as t-Tests, were mitigated. This ensured a more comprehensive and accurate assessment of the effectiveness of the teaching interventions.

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Hospital pharmacy worldwide has proven to be a crucial element in healthcare. In Latin America, it draws inspiration from 2 main models: United States, which promoted clinical pharmacy and later pharmaceutical care, and Spain, which shares similar healthcare practices and the added advantage of a common language. Both models influenced the implementation of hospital pharmacy residencies in Argentina since the 1980s. Hospital pharmacy residencies in Argentina constitute a paid system of intensive postgraduate training on a full-time basis with exclusive dedication. They are carried out in 11 provinces across Argentina in services with recognized teaching experience. Currently, there are 46 locations with a total of 75 annual vacancies for applicants. The objective of hospital pharmacy residencies is to train pharmaceutical professionals with the necessary competencies to ensure the care of patients through the optimization of the safe, effective, and efficient use of medications and healthcare products tailored to each patient's individual therapy. Hospital pharmacy residencies have demonstrated that pharmacists acquire specialized training that can be decisive in influencing healthcare policies related to the safe use of medications and healthcare products. Therefore, actions to promote and encourage interest in this field among pharmaceutical professionals are necessary, involving scientific societies, universities, pharmaceutical associations, and the political sphere.

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Each year the American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education awards the Rufus A. Lyman Award to the best paper from the previous year. This commentary, derived from an interview with the members of a successful research collaboration, not only provides insight to our Academy on the elements for developing and maintaining a successful research collaboration from the development of the project through publication, but also offers practical advice and guidance on how faculty members can develop and sustain these research teams and how individuals can improve their skills and abilities as authors. The authors of this paper, recipients of the Rufus A. Lyman Award, share their experiences and strategies, making this commentary a beacon for all those interested in research collaborations and improving writing skills in the field of pharmacy education.

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The pharmaceutical literacy is a necessary element of ensuring quality of human life that is to be formed at early age. The article demonstrates that key direction of development of health literacy is pharmaceutical education involving pharmaceutical workers. The necessity of development of pharmaceutical literacy in children through involvement into process of pharmaceutical education pedagogues and parents/legal representatives of child. The article presents analysis of normative legal documents regulating strategic directions of state and international policy in the field of protection of health and rights of minor citizen/children that regulate organization of pharmaceutical and educational activities and requirements to pharmaceutical and pedagogical workers within the framework of their professional role. The problematic zones in organization of pharmaceutical counseling of minors citizen were discovered. The necessity to improve professional competence of pharmaceutical and pedagogical workers in organization of pharmaceutical education of children of preschool and school age is established. The results of sociological survey of minor citizen and their parents demonstrated inadequate level of pharmaceutical literacy of respondents. On the basis of research results structural model of interaction of participants of pharmaceutical education of children (pharmaceutical workers - parents - pedagogues). The communication relations at the stage of transferring pharmaceutical knowledge to minor personality were revealed. The main result of the study is original structural functional model of organization of pharmaceutical education of children implementing interdisciplinary approach in forming pharmaceutical knowledge in children of preschool and school age. The stages of interaction of participants and professional tasks of pharmaceutical and pedagogical specialists in process of teaching children skills of pharmaceutical safety are determined.

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Hospital Pharmacy worldwide has proven to be a crucial element in healthcare. In Latin America, it draws inspiration from two main models: United States, which promoted clinical pharmacy and later pharmaceutical care, and Spain, which shares similar healthcare practices and the added advantage of a common language. Both models influenced the implementation of Hospital Pharmacy residencies in Argentina since the 1980s. Hospital Pharmacy residencies in Argentina constitute a paid system of intensive postgraduate training on a full-time basis with exclusive dedication. They are carried out in 11 provinces across Argentina in services with recognized teaching experience. Currently, there are 46 locations with a total of 75 annual vacancies for applicants. The objective of Hospital Pharmacy residencies is to train pharmaceutical professionals with the necessary competencies to ensure the care of patients through the optimization of the safe, effective, and efficient use of medications and healthcare products tailored to each patient's individual therapy. Hospital Pharmacy residencies have demonstrated that pharmacists acquire specialized training that can be decisive in influencing healthcare policies related to the safe use of medications and healthcare products. Therefore, actions to promote and encourage interest in this field among pharmaceutical professionals are necessary, involving scientific societies, universities, pharmaceutical associations, and the political sphere.

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The 1 + X certificate system, introduced in China in 2019, integrates academic credentials with vocational skill certificates to meet the heightened demand for skilled talents in the growing economy. This study aims to innovate and evaluate the vocational pharmaceutical education system under the 1 + X certificate framework, specifically addressing the gap between theoretical education and workplace requirements. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective observational approach analyzed 490 pharmacy students over two academic years. The 2021 cohort underwent 1 + X integrated education, while the 2020 cohort followed conventional education. We collaborated closely with industry partners to identify and compile typical job competencies, formulating work projects aligned with industry demands. Combining the skill level standards and assessment content of "1+X Pharmaceutical Purchasing and Sales" and "1+X Pharmaceutical Preparation", we revised the course standards, incorporating typical work projects into the 2021 pharmacy professional teaching curriculum. This constituted the fundamental content of the 1 + X education reform. Statistical analysis compared course scores and 1 + X certificate examination performance. RESULTS: The 2021 cohort, under the 1 + X educational model, demonstrated higher average scores in pharmacy courses, with significant improvements in pharmacology (1 + X vs. Traditional education: 58.40 ± 14.20 vs. 53.44 ± 14.67), clinical pharmacotherapy (72.74 ± 10.28 vs. 63.15 ± 11.03), and pharmaceutical distribution and marketing (79.34 ± 10.96 vs. 67.50 ± 15.82). 1 + X certificate pass rates and satisfaction with the model were also higher than the 2020 cohort. CONCLUSION: The 1 + X certificate system is useful for developing talent in Chinese vocational education, effectively integrating assessments with industry standards. Future research should aim at evaluating long-term outcomes and improving quantitative skills assessments for enhanced effectiveness.

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Background: The critical shortage of comprehensively trained healthcare staff in Tanzania affects the capacity to deliver essential health services, attain universal health coverage and compromises health outcomes. There is a specific lack of suitably trained pharmaceutical professionals, thus, an increase in the use of unqualified or poorly trained staff. Following the introduction of a one-year pharmacy dispenser course intervention, this study explored the impact that the new cadre of graduates had on pharmacy practice compared to healthcare facilities with non-pharmacy trained dispensers (NPTDs). Methods: A post intervention assessment was conducted in 2021 using questionnaires formulated to measure indicators of Good Pharmacy Practice, comparing 29 public health facilities employing pharmacy-trained dispensers (PTD) with 32 public health facilities with NPTDs in Dodoma, Shinyanga and Morogoro regions of Tanzania. Data were collected by experienced pharmacists or pharmaceutical technicians and subsequently aggregated and statistically analysed. Results: The dispensing times for medicines were found to be the same for PTDs and the NPTDs (2 min). There were no statistically significant differences in the adequacy of labelling elements between PTDs and NPTDs. Patients' level of knowledge of the medicines dispensed to them, from both PTDs and NPTDs, showed no difference. Moreover, no differences were observed in storage practice and documentation performance, records of dispensed medicines, handling of medicines and the dispensing area cleanliness between both groups. Overall, facilities with PTDs averaged a higher availability of tracer medicines (77%) than those with NPTDs (70%), however, availability of health commodities in all health facilities in the three regions was low and there was no statistically significant difference between both groups. Conclusion: The study showed no significant difference in performance of pharmacy practice between PTDs and NPTDs despite the former undertaking a one-year training course intended to improve knowledge and skills. Practice application not only depends on effective training but on the working environment. Clear job descriptions, appropriate tools and references to guide, Standard Operating Procedures, acceptance by management of the training undertaken to actively encourage recruits to apply these new skills could improve PTDs performance. Training and knowledge alone do not seem to lead to better practice and performance.

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The Education Award of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan (PSJ) was conferred for "Contribution to pharmacy/pharmacist education through writing on organic chemistry." The award-winning activities were described in three parts section 1-3. Section 1 Importance of Research and Education in Organic Chemistry: In this section, it is explained that organic chemistry serves as the fundamental basis for a wide range of natural science disciplines studied in pharmaceutical departments. It emphasizes that having a solid foundation in organic chemistry is essential for pharmacists to understand pharmaceuticals. This knowledge contributes significantly in healthcare settings such as team-based medical care (interprofessional cooperation) with physicians and nurses, as well as in interactions with patients, providing a unique contribution that other professions cannot achieve. Section 2 Two Serial Articles Written on Organic Chemistry: This part mentions two serial articles that are beneficial for pharmacists and pharmaceutical researchers. These articles aimed to broaden specialized knowledge and provide practical information, contributing to pharmaceutical education and professional training for pharmacists. Section 3 Publication of New Organic Chemistry Textbooks: In this section, the introduction of textbooks and reference books in the field of organic chemistry for pharmaceutical education is highlighted. These educational materials were published to offer valuable information to pharmaceutical students and aspiring pharmacists, enhancing their expertise. These three writing activities significantly contributed to pharmaceutical education and the improvement of the professional work of pharmacists.

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has considerably affected several social services. The Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare has partially revised the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Law and established legislations on permanent online medication instructions. Based on these social needs, the development of human resources to provide online medication instructions is vital. Therefore, we developed a training program for providing online medication instructions in preparatory clinical education. Pharmacy students who had conducted medical interviews with standardized patients participated in the training. Educational outcomes were evaluated using an objective multiple-choice test and free description before and after practical training. The median number of correct answers on objective tests on the legislation on online medication instructions increased significantly. Based on the free description analysis, students were able to comprehend the influence of communication environment on the quality of medication instructions. Based on the results of the direct evaluation using objective testing and indirect evaluation by analyzing the free descriptions, they also acquired the skills necessary for providing online medication instructions. Therefore, this training program can contribute to mastering the provision of online medication instructions.

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In 2006, Japan's pharmaceutical science education was revised to a 6-year enrollment course, placing greater emphasis on cultivating practical clinical ability. Quality Assurance (QA) measures have been implemented including offering education based on a model core curriculum and third-party assessments. In August 2021, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) launched an investigative commission to review the above. For QA, the commission summarized a comprehensive report in August 2022 for items including: modality of selecting entrants; revising enrollment limits; securing education management; information disclosure; corresponding to pharmaceutical education assessments. For revising the model core curriculum, the commission is reviewing correspondence to: demographic changes due to decreasing birthrates, an ageing population, changes in the structure of diseases; rising and emerging infectious diseases; utilizing Big Data and artificial intelligence (AI). As Japan's ageing population is forecast to peak in 2040s, pharmacists must be fostered to provide safe and quality medicine towards a drastically changing future. Medical care is provided through the collaboration of various professions. In such changing demographics, team medicine is crucial to provide quality medical care. Moreover, towards all medical professions sharing the same vision, revisions to the model core curricula for medical and dental education are also being reviewed. The commission is now reviewing detailed curricula to foster pharmacists with competencies to: comprehensively assess patients and ordinary citizens; utilize information science and technology; professionalism. Towards securing quality pharmaceutical education, pharmaceutical departments at universities must also organize and implement an educational curriculum based on the Model Core Curriculum for Pharmaceutical Education. This paper will introduce the investigative commission's review.

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With the emergence of innovative technologies, including combinatorial chemistry, high-throughput screening, computer-aided drug design (CADD), artificial intelligence (AI) and big data, the importance of drug design in the field of drug discovery and development is increasing. Additionally, education in drug design plays an important role in the training of pharmaceutical talent. Starting with undergraduates, cultivating pharmaceutical design thinking, developing innovation and creativity, and establishing an interdisciplinary knowledge system will not only provide students with a solid knowledge basis but also promote the development of the pharmaceutical industry in China. This article presents the current status of pharmaceutical education and the distribution of drug design courses in China and summarizes the employment prospects of graduates, thus providing valuable references and evidence for global pharmaceutical design education.

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PURPOSE: This research investigated the utility of a QR code-based video pharmaceutical education program to guide the proper use of the inhalation device in elderly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. METHODS: The patients were recruited for this prospective study during a COPD hospitalization, with 96 patients in the control group (CG) receiving conventional hospital care and 93 patients in the intervention group (IG) receiving QR code-based video pharmaceutical education from hospitalization to six months after discharge to improve proper utilization of inhalation technology The outcome measures used to assess the effectiveness of the education program were the COPD Assessment Test (CAT), inhaler use accuracy, inhaler technique score, Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ) score and patient satisfaction. RESULTS: Compared with CG, inhaler use accuracy and inhaler use scores improved in the IG group, while BMQ-Concern and CAT scores were significantly lower (P<0.05). Improvements in patient quality-of-life and satisfaction were reported. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that the QR code-based video pharmaceutical education program can improve the quality of life and satisfaction of elderly COPD patients.

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The goal of this Best Practice Review is to support researchers in successfully preparing and publishing qualitative research in pharmacy education. Standard practice from the literature and journals' guidance from related fields were reviewed, and recommendations and resources applicable to qualitative research in pharmacy education were compiled for researchers planning to conduct and publish qualitative research. This review provides recommendations, not requirements, for publication in the Journal and is intended to be a guide, especially for authors and reviewers relatively new to the field of qualitative research. Additionally, researchers planning to publish their qualitative research are advised to review available best practices and standards, such as the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist and the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research. Given the diverse methodology of qualitative research, it is important for authors to provide sufficient details and justifications of selected methods for transparency and to report collected results in a manner that allows reviewers and readers to adequately assess the validity of their study and the applicability of the findings.

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cardio-oncology is a nascent discipline in the synergy of clinical cardiology and oncology, aiming to improve antineoplastic therapies, whilst minimizing cardiovascular toxicities. It requires a multidisciplinary approach with particular knowledge to build individualized care for patients. As part of multidisciplinary teams, pharmacists are uniquely positioned to play a role in the management of these patients, being responsible for monitoring adverse reactions and having an active approach in preventing drug-related morbidity. However, despite the existence of oncology and cardiology residency pharmacy programs, and the burden of cancer and cardiovascular diseases, there is a lack of data regarding pharmacists training focusing on cardio-oncology. EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY AND SETTING: A 15-days rotation was built to develop knowledge and clinical skills on pharmacological cardiovascular management of patients in a hemato-oncology residency program. The hospital where the rotation was offered is a 900-bed university hospital in Porto Alegre, south of Brazil. The rotation was designed for a postgraduate year 2 (PGY2) onco-hematology pharmacy resident and mentored by two staff clinical pharmacists from the cardiology field. The rotation schedule was distributed to reach three different approaches of learning: theoretical, practical-theoretical and practical. Activities were proposed aiming to provide experiences in cardiac care for the PGY2 resident, and clinical activities with patients were developed in both inpatient and outpatient settings. After the end of the 15 days rotation period, an evaluation was carried out by the PGY2 resident together with the staff menthors. FINDINGS: This is the first cardio-oncology pharmacist rotation described in our country. The rotation was considered positive by residents evaluation on providing a clinical experience through cardiotoxicity management of oncology protocols. SUMMARY: Collaborations between cardiology and oncology clinical pharmacy teams, and the multidisciplinary teams as well, can help provide structured cardio-oncology rotation opportunities for pharmacy residents.being the team's specialist on antineoplastic agents monitoring and preventable drug related morbidity, the pharmacist can contribute to achieve better outcomes to patients with cancer.

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Background: A needs-based approach is desirable for the transformation of pharmaceutical education, and to link pharmaceutical education with the health needs of populations and national priorities. There are varying levels of data in the literature on the status of pharmaceutical education in all six World Health Organization (WHO) regions, especially in the context of needs identification and evidence-based policy interventions. The framework for this study was the FIP Development Goals. Objectives: The aim of the study was to develop evidence-based policies through a needs-based approach for pharmaceutical education transformation nationally, regionally and globally by addressing the following objectives: 1. Identify global and regional needs in pharmaceutical education, through a regional SWOT analysis and prioritization of FIP development goals; 2. Develop valid and credible regional roadmaps for pharmaceutical education advancement according to the identified prioritized goals and 3. Develop a global call to action as a policy intervention for advancing pharmaceutical education. Methods: This study was conducted between 2020 and 2021 using a mixed methods approach. Surveys of higher education institutions and a series of qualitative interviews were conducted with national professional leadership organizations, with further regional workshops having 284 participants recruited from the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) membership base, spanning all six WHO regions. Results: Eleven out of 21 FIP DGs were identified as priorities for regional roadmaps and FIP DG 1 (Academic capacity) was identified as a priority in four regions. All regions had distinctive results with an area of commonality between them. There were common weaknesses in the adoption of competency-based education and inter-professional education. Conclusions: It is critical for every country and region to develop needs- and evidence-based policies for the transformation of pharmaceutical education, for which FIP DGs provide a systematic framework.

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Aims: The definition of virtual reality simulation (VRS) used for study is the recreation of realistic simulation in a fully online situation with an immersive environment for learning an activity. The study aims to evaluate pharmacy students' perspectives, behavioral and attitude characteristics in the process of VRS course requiring practical skills. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was based on quantitative questionnaires analysis. A five-point Likert Scale (rating from 1 = Strongly Disagree; 2 = Disagree; 3 = Neutral; 4 = Agree; 5 = Strongly Agree) was utilized to measure the extent to which the students agrees on 30 statements comprised in A-E sections related to VRS. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were studied by the Cronbach's Alpha calculation. Results: A total of 119 junior and senior pharmacy students, aged 18-25, participated in this study. There is no significant gender difference (P > 0.05) and grade difference (P > 0.05) in mean perception score, mean attitude score, mean behavior score and comparison score respectively. Most pharmacy students had positive perception that VRS could help them in practical ability (61.4 %), autonomous learning (68.9 %) and theoretical knowledge (61.4 %). Nevertheless, less than half the students agreed that VRS courses were indispensable (44.5 %) and needed to be increased (42.9 %). Moreover, the 'disagree' statement (33.6 %) exceeded 'agree' statement (27.7 %) about the question of whether preferring VRS courses to lab teaching. Interestingly, a significant positive correlation that was observed between mean perception score and mean attitude score (r = 0.76, p < 0.001), mean comparison (r = 0.68, p < 0.001) and mean behavior (r = 067, p < 0.001), which revealed that students who thought VRS was beneficial were more likely to accept it. Conclusion: The study highlights the need to establish an interactive, immersive and measurable VRS courses. It is suggested that good interaction between the faculty and student, technology improvement and blended programmatic assessment should be involved in challenges for implementing VRS courses.

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The National Curriculum Guidelines of the Pharmacy Undergraduation Course are structured by the development of competences in the teaching-learning process. This study brings as a guiding question which learning methodology contributes to better academic rates and better student performance? This exploratory study, with a quantitative approach and with a documentary design, compiled information about the academic indexes of students in the Pharmacy course at XXX, from 2015 to 2019, in the two learning models: active (AL) and traditional (TL) . A total of 357 undergraduates were documented, with 115 students completing their training in AL and 242 in TL, with a predominance of women (76.19%), aged between 20 and 30 years (64.43%). In terms of completion time, AL students had a shorter completion time, while TL students had better individual performance indices (p<0.002), and the course average (CA) of both models above 7 points. Regarding the academic indicators per course, the retention rates were AL (4.8%) and TL (15.5%), AL (13.1%), and TL (5.48%) dropout rates, AL (44.44%) and TL success rates (50.65%). Regarding the performance of students in the ENADE, both for general and specific training, AL and TL had averages higher than the national average, with concept 4 for both learning models. More detailed studies are needed to support the pedagogical and administrative management of Pharmacy courses offered in public undergraduate education institutions.

Las Directrices Curriculares Nacionales de la Carrera de Graduación en Farmacia están estructuradas por el desarrollo de competencias en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Este estudio trae como pregunta orientadora ¿qué metodología de aprendizaje contribuye a mejores índices académicos y mejor desempeño de los estudiantes? Este estudio exploratorio, con enfoque cuantitativo y con diseño documental, recopiló información sobre los índices académicos de los estudiantes de la carrera de Farmacia de la XXX, de 2015 a 2019, en los dos modelos de aprendizaje: activo (AL) y tradicional (TL) . Se documentaron un total de 357 estudiantes de pregrado, con 115 estudiantes completando su formación en AL y 242 en TL, con predominio de mujeres (76,19%), con edades entre 20 y 30 años (64,43%). En cuanto al tiempo de finalización, los alumnos de AL tuvieron un tiempo de finalización más corto, mientras que los alumnos de TL tuvieron mejores índices de desempeño individual (p<0.002), y el promedio del curso (CA) de ambos modelos por encima de los 7 puntos. En cuanto a los indicadores académicos por curso, las tasas de retención fueron AL (4,8%) y TL (15,5%), AL (13,1%) y TL (5,48%), tasas de deserción, AL (44,44%) y TL tasas de éxito (50,65%). ). En cuanto al desempeño de los estudiantes en la ENADE, tanto para formación general como específica, AL y TL tuvieron promedios superiores a la media nacional, con concepto 4 para ambos modelos de aprendizaje. Son necesarios estudios más detallados que apoyen la gestión pedagógica y administrativa de las carreras de Farmacia que se ofrecen en las instituciones públicas de educación de pregrado.

As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN's) do Curso de Graduação Farmácia estão estruturadas pelo desenvolvimento de competências no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Este estudo traz como questão norteadora qual metodologia de ensino contribui para melhores índices acadêmicos e melhor desempenho estudantil? Este estudo de caráter exploratório, de abordagem quantitativa e com delineamento documental compilou informações acerca dos índices acadêmicos dos estudantes do curso de Farmácia da XXX, no período de 2015 a 2019, nos dois modelos de ensino: ativo (MA) e tradicional (MT). Foram documentados 357 concludentes, sendo 115 estudantes concluíram sua formação em MA e 242 em MT, com predominância do sexo feminino (76,19%), faixa etária entre 20 e 30 anos (64,43%). No quesito tempo de conclusão, estudantes em MA apresentaram menor tempo de conclusão, ao passo que estudantes do MT obtiveram melhores índices de desempenho individual (p<0,002), e a média de curso (MC) de ambos modelos acima de 7. Em relação aos indicadores acadêmicos por curso, as taxas de retenção foram MA (4,8%) e MT (15,5%), taxas de evasão MA (13,1%), e MT (5,48%), taxas de sucesso MA (44,44%) e MT (50,65%). Em relação ao desempenho dos estudantes no ENADE, tanto para formação geral quanto específica, MA e MT apresentaram médias superiores à média nacional, com conceito 4 para ambos modelos de ensino. São necessários estudos mais detalhados para subsidiar gerenciamento pedagógico e administrativo dos cursos de Farmácia ofertados nas instituições de ensino superior públicas.

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Objective. To investigate the number of authors and unique institutions per paper published in the American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education (AJPE) in 2015 through 2019, and to examine the number of authors and unique institutions for papers that were nominated for the Rufus A. Lyman Award in the same period.Methods. Articles published in AJPE from 2015 through 2019 were reviewed. Data collected for each article included article type, number of authors, and number of institutions.Results. Of the 811 articles published in AJPE during this period, the number of authors increased significantly from a mean (SD) of 3.5 (1.8) to 4.5 (2.2). The number of unique institutions also increased significantly from 1.7 (1.1) to 2.4 (1.8).Conclusion. There is a trend toward a greater number of authors and unique institutions for the publications in one pharmacy education journal. Explanations for this trend may include pressure to publish, increased research complexity, and expanded interprofessional collaboration.

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The mortality rate of pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is more than 80% in Japan, which is markedly higher than that in adults. Basic life support (BLS) by bystanders is essential for preventing sudden cardiac death. In the model core curriculum for pharmaceutical education in 2024, students must acquire the ability to ensure public health. As part of our educational policy, pharmacy students provide a workshop on infant BLS. This workshop is incorporated after the PUSH course, an authorized training program for BLS focused on chest compressions and AED use of people over elementary school age, for convenience. We herein investigated whether infant BLS training promoted the comprehension of and motivation to perform BLS for infants and assessed the educational relevance of pharmacy students serving as instructors of the BLS training course. Questionnaire responses were obtained from participants before and after the workshop. The majority of participants were college students and childcare workers. Knowledge of infant BLS by childcare workers was significantly more extensive than that by the other participants; however, overall understanding of infant BLS and the motivation to contribute to it increased irrespective of participant backgrounds. Overall improvement was also observed in the items necessary to implement BLS excluding artificial ventilation even though the instructions were given only by pharmacy students. The present results demonstrate that infant BLS training effectively enhanced public motivation to perform BLS for infants with cardiac arrest.