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This study evaluated the efficacy of semisolid systems (gels) and films containing a combination of metronidazole (MTZ) and metronidazole benzoate after scaling and root-planing (SRP) for periodontitis. In total, 45 patients with stage I or II periodontitis were enrolled and divided into 3 groups: 1-SRP-control; 2-SRP + Film with MTZ; 3-SRP + Gel with MTZ. The pH of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) before/after treatments, MTZ concentrations, and drug release using high-performance liquid chromatography were investigated. The effects were evaluated by longitudinal monitoring of clinical parameters (probing depth-PD, clinical attachment level-CAL, and bleeding on probing-BP). MTZ and MTZ-benzoate concentrations in the periodontal pocket and pH showed no statistical difference after application. SRP + Gel presented the lowest CAL values. For SRP + Film and SRP + Gel, higher PD values were observed at T0 compared to all groups. A relevant reduction in BP was observed in SRP + Film and SRP + Gel groups at all times compared to T0. Both therapies improved periodontal health compared to SRP alone, reducing PD and BP, and increasing CAL for the gel group, suggesting they are promising for periodontal disease treatment.

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OBJECTIVES: The subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) plus coronal advanced flap is commonly evaluated by clinical parameters, but potential sensory changes (patients' perception of painful or painless sensations) need to be further explored. This preliminary study aimed to qualitatively evaluate the somatosensory profile of recipient and palatal donor sites of SCTG. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sensory tests were applied at SCTG recipient and donor sites at baseline, after 3 and 6 months. A single calibrated examiner applied Douleur Neuropathique 4 questionnaire (DN4), qualitative sensory test (QualST), discriminating the areas as hypersensitive, hyposensitive or normosensitive, and two-point acuity test. Descriptive statistics, non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test for QualST evaluation and ANOVA for Two-point test (p < 0.05) were used. RESULTS: QualST revealed that recipient areas presented no significant differences in tactile, pressure and thermal tests. Brush test revealed hyposensitivity after 3 months (p = 0.03). In donor areas, only thermal evaluation showed a significant difference (p = 0.01), being hypersensitive after 3 months and hyposensitive after 6 months. At baseline, all evaluations in recipient and donor areas were normosensitive. According to DN4, no patient reported pain in recipient and donor sites. Non-painful sensory perception was reported as numbness in recipient (3.14% of patients) and donor (18.4%) areas. No significant differences were found for two-point acuity test values. CONCLUSIONS: Somatosensory variations were observed in donor and recipient areas using qualitative tests, with no detection of painful sensations, only non-painful sensations of numbness and electric shock. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This preliminary study demonstrated that alterations of hypo- and hypersensitivity may occur in donor and recipient areas of gingival grafts. However, when present, these alterations were non-painful and did not impact oral functions. CLINICAL REGISTRATION: ReBEC #RBR-7zz3b6p.

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OBJECTIVES: Oronasal fistulas are common sequelae following cleft lip and palate surgery and can significantly impact a patient's quality of life. They result from various factors, including surgical techniques, tissue management, and patient-specific factors. This case report explores the modern approach to oronasal fistula closure using periodontal plastic surgery principles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The report presents two cases of patients with oronasal fistulas due to previous maxillofacial surgical intervention. These patients underwent microsurgical procedures that involved partial flap thickness preparation of the fistula areas, the use of connective tissue grafts from the palate, and meticulous suturing techniques to ensure graft integrity. The procedures were performed in stages, and postoperative care was provided. RESULTS: Both cases demonstrated successful fistula closure and graft survival. The patients reported improvements in breathing, speech, aesthetics, and quality of life. The second case also included guided bone regeneration and implant placement. CONCLUSIONS: Oronasal fistulas resulting from maxillofacial surgery can be effectively treated using periodontal plastic surgery techniques, significantly improving patients' quality of life and aesthetic outcomes. This approach represents a valuable addition to the existing repertoire of oronasal fistula closure methods.

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Introduction: Periodontal disease is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease, so knowledge about this disease is important for health professionals for an assertive and early diagnosis. Objective: Determine the level of knowledge about periodontal health in Health Sciences students at a private university in Lima-Perú. Materials and Methods: Through a descriptive and cross-sectional study, 200 students from the Faculty of Health Sciences were evaluated. The sample size was obtained using a proportion estimation formula. The level of knowledge about periodontal health was measured using a specific virtual and self-applicable questionnaire, which was fully validated. University students of legal age and who signed the informed consent were included. This consisted of 16 questions about the causes, signs, prevention habits and relationship with systemic diseases related to periodontal disease. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (absolute and relative frequencies) and means and averages for age. Results: The level of knowledge was medium in 38%, high in 32.5% and low in 29.5% of the students surveyed. 96.5% knew that periodontal disease is preventable; However, 91.5% do not know what its main clinical sign is. Conclusions: The use of a self-applicable and specific questionnaire is beneficial to evaluate and measure knowledge about periodontal health, and the Health Sciences students evaluated have a medium level of knowledge about periodontal health.

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OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical periodontal parameters of teeth restored with a single ceramic crown, with and without crown lengthening procedure. METHODS: This prospective, longitudinal, controlled, and single-blinded clinical trial involved 22 patients with a total of forty-one teeth with ceramic crowns. The teeth were divided into two groups: test (n = 21), comprising teeth rehabilitated post crown-lengthening surgery, and control (n = 20), comprising teeth rehabilitated without crown-lengthening surgery. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BoP), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were compared between groups (surgically treated and non-surgically treated) and within each group for each type of site (treated -tt; adjacent - ad; and nonadjacent - nad). Additionally, gingival phenotype (GP), gingival recession (GR), and keratinized tissue width (KTW) were also assessed post- restoration. Statistical analyses used a significance level set at 5 %. RESULTS: PI, GI, and BoP were reduced, but no statistically significant differences were observed within each group or between groups for most follow-up periods. CAL of the TT sites was consistently higher in the test group, and PD was also higher in the test group (p < 0.05), except at T3. adPD, nadPD, adCAL, and nadCAL demonstrated no significant differences between groups and periods. A significant association was identified between GP and the occurrence of GR, with the thick-flat phenotype demonstrating less association with GR, regardless of whether crown lengthening was performed or not. CONCLUSION: Crown-lengthening surgery in rehabilitated teeth does not significantly affect PI and GI after 12 months. Although crown-lengthening surgery affected PD and CAL in TT sites, it did not affect adjacent and non-adjacent sites. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These findings emphasize the importance of considering individual patient factors and the potential impact on periodontal tissues when planning crown-lengthening surgery. Clinicians must have a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of the periodontal tissues involved in restorative treatments to optimize the procedure, increase success rates, and minimize potential complications.

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A periodontite é uma doença inflamatória crônica dos tecidos de sustentação e proteção dos dentes. Em dentes posteriores, a perda de inserção pode resultar em vários graus de dano à furca, que se refere à destruição dos tecidos de suporte de dentes multirradiculares caracterizada por reabsorção óssea e perda de inserção no espaço interarradicular. Independente do grau de envolvimento da furca, o tratamento periodontal básico (RAR) é a primeira opção para estabilizar a periodontite, contudo, em algumas situações é utilizada uma terapia cirúrgica periodontal bastante conhecida: a rizectomia ou amputação radicular. O objetivo do trabalho é relatar o caso de uma amputação radicular de um dente comprometido periodontalmente, a fim de se preservar o elemento dentário. O dente 27 foi diagnosticado com periodontite, o que ocasionou a lesão de furca grau III. O tratamento endodôntico foi realizado prévio ao procedimento cirúrgico, viabilizando a amputação da raiz disto-vestibular deste elemento. A partir do relato deste caso, se pode concluir que a amputação radicular é considerada um procedimento conservador, capaz de manter em função molares com histórico de periodontite associado ao envolvimento de lesões de furca(AU)

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the supporting and protective tissues of the teeth. In posterior teeth, attachment loss can result in varying degrees of damage to the furcation, which refers to the destruction of the supporting tissues of multirooted teeth characterized by bone resorption and attachment loss in the interarticular space. Regardless of the degree of furcation involvement, basic periodontal treatment (RAR) is the first option to stabilize periodontitis; however, in some situations, a well-known periodontal surgical therapy is used: rhizectomy or root amputation. Rhizectomy is a treatment option for multirooted teeth. The technique preserves the crown and requires endodontic treatment of the affected tooth, preferably done before surgery(AU)

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A busca por um sorriso considerado perfeito tem sido cada vez maior e isso tem se tornado um desafio para o Cirurgião-Dentista, visto que um sorriso harmônico não envolve somente dentes, mas também gengiva. A exposição excessiva da gengiva ao sorrir ou falar é considerada uma característica antiestética, pois gera uma desarmonia entre dentes, gengiva e lábios. Quando o paciente expõe 3 milímetros ou mais de gengiva ao sorrir, chamamos essa exposição de Sorriso Gengival. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar o tratamento de um caso de sorriso gengival, onde foi realizada cirurgia periodontal ressectiva a fim de diminuir a exposição de tecido gengival ao sorrir. Descrição do caso: Paciente adulto 21 anos, sexo masculino, procurou atendimento no curso de graduação em Odontologia do Centro Universitário da Serra Gaúcha ­ FSG, com queixa de insatisfação estética devido ao tamanho de seus dentes e mostrar muito tecido Gengival ao sorrir. Após anamnese, exame clínico e radiográfico, o paciente foi diagnosticado com Sorriso gengival. O plano de tratamento proposto foi de cirurgia periodontal ressectiva. Conclusão: A partir do exposto, podemos concluir que o tratamento do sorriso gengival depende de sua etiologia. Um correto diagnóstico é de extrema importância, pois dependendo do fator etiológico do sorriso gengival, o plano de tratamento pode ser elaborado de acordo com a necessidade do paciente. No caso apresentado, o procedimento escolhido, cirurgia periodontal ressectiva, se mostrou efetivo no tratamento do sorriso gengival, devolvendo estética e satisfação ao paciente(AU)

The search for a smile that is considered perfect has been increasing and this has become a challenge for the Dental Surgeon, since a harmonious smile does not only involve teeth, but also gums. Excessive exposure of the gums when smiling or talking is considered an unsightly feature, as it creates disharmony between teeth, gums and lips. When the patient exposes 3 millimeters or more of gum when smiling, we call this exposure Gummy Smile. The present work aims to report the treatment of a case of gummy smile, where resective periodontal surgery was performed in order to reduce the exposure of gingival tissue when smiling. Case description: A 21-year-old adult patient, male, sought care at the undergraduate course in dentistry at the Centro Universitário da Serra Gaúcha ­ FSG, complaining of aesthetic dissatisfaction due to the size of his teeth and showing a lot of gingival tissue when smiling. After anamnesis, clinical and radiographic examination, the patient was diagnosed with gummy smile. The proposed treatment plan was resective periodontal surgery. Conclusion: From the above, we can conclude that the treatment of gummy smile depends on its etiology. A correct diagnosis is extremely important, because depending on the etiological factor of the gummy smile, the treatment plan can be elaborated according to the patient's needs. In the case presented, the chosen procedure, resective periodontal surgery, proved to be effective in the treatment of gummy smile, restoring aesthetics and patient satisfaction(AU)

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Os implantes dentários osseointegrados representam uma parte da reabilitação oral, sendo uma alternativa cada vez mais utilizada na Odontologia a fim de substituir dentes perdidos. À semelhança das doenças periodontais, o fator etiológico das doenças periimplantares é o acúmulo de biofilme ao redor dos implantes dentários. Esta patologia também é classificada de acordo com os tecidos acometidos por ela, em mucosite e periimplantite. Para um correto tratamento e sucesso na terapia periimplantar, o diagnóstico deve ser baseado na sua etiologia e, seu tratamento segue variando de acordo com cada caso e estágio da doença. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar o tratamento de um caso de periimplantite por meio da descontaminação da superfície do implante através de uma cirurgia de acesso. Paciente leucoderma, com 56 anos, sexo feminino, procurou atendimento no curso de graduação em Odontologia do centro Universitário da Serra Gaúcha ­ FSG, com queixa de sangramento/supuração, dor e edema na região dos dentes 15 e 16, reabilitados com implantes, e exposição de componentes protéticos. A paciente foi diagnosticada com periimplantite. O plano de tratamento proposto foi de promover a descontaminação da superfície do implante por meio de acesso cirúrgico. Com base no caso clínico apresentado, foi possível concluir que a técnica de tratamento utilizada foi eficaz para a resolução da periimplantite, no período de acompanhamento do estudo (90 dias), demonstrando melhora nos parâmetros clínicos e radiográficos(AU)

Osseointegrated dental implants represent a part of oral rehabilitation, being an increasingly used alternative in Dentistry in order to replace lost teeth. Similar to periodontal diseases, the etiological factor of peri-implant diseases is the accumulation of biofilm around dental implants. This pathology is also classified according to the tissues affected by it, in mucositis and peri-implantitis. For a correct treatment and success in peri-implant therapy, the diagnosis must be based on its etiology, and its treatment continues to vary according to each case and stage of the disease. The present work aims to report the treatment of a case of peri-implantitis through the decontamination of the implant surface through an access surgery. Caucasian female patient, 56 years old, sought care at the graduation course in Dentistry at Centro Universitário da Serra Gaúcha ­ FSG, complaining of bleeding/suppuration, pain and edema in the region of teeth 15 and 16, rehabilitated with implants, and exposure of prosthetic components. The patient was diagnosed with peri-implantitis. The proposed treatment plan was to promote decontamination of the implant surface through surgical access. Based on the presented clinical case, it was possible to conclude that the treatment technique used was effective for the resolution of periimplantitis, in the follow-up period of the study (90 days), demonstrating improvement in clinical and radiographic parameters(AU)

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The aims of this research were to investigate the methodological quality of systematic reviews on periodontal-orthodontic interactions (i.e. reviews of primary research broadly defined as any including both periodontic and orthodontic components) and to provide a mapping of the researched topics. We searched four major databases (PubMed, Lilacs, Web of Science, and Embase) for systematic reviews of periodontal-orthodontic interactions. We used the AMSTAR-2 tool (the acronym is derived from 'a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews') to assess the methodological quality of the included systematic reviews. Individual AMSTAR-2 ratings were tabulated, and the percentage per item was calculated. To assess the association between the AMSTAR-2 percentage score and the overall confidence in the systematic review results, an ordinal regression model was used. We initially retrieved 973 documents, and 43 systematic reviews were included. Systematic reviews of interventions were the most prevalent (n = 26, 60.5%). Most of the systematic reviews did not report a meta-analysis (n = 25, 58.1%). In addition, most of the studies included in the systematic reviews had an unclear or high risk of bias. Most of the systematic reviews were rated as having critically low or low overall confidence (n = 34, 79.1%). A significant correlation was found between the AMSTAR-2 percentage score and overall confidence in the results. The methodological quality of systematic reviews on periodontal-orthodontic interactions can be improved. The limitations of our study include potential language bias and an arbitrary classification of the topics researched.

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: As elsewhere in the world, the prevalence of periodontitis in stages I-II is high in the Latin American population, this scenario emphasizes the need for identification of urgent needs for allocating adequate resources to provide diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of these diseases. The aim of this Delphi study was to predict the trends in periodontology/periodontics in the Latin American region by the year 2030. METHODS: A steering committee and an advisory group of experts in periodontology/periodontics were selected from 16 countries. An open questionnaire of 60 questions was validated and used following the Delphi methodology. RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty-five experts from Latin America answered the two rounds of the questionnaire. Moderate to strong consensus was reached on 45 questions (75%). The prediction was that the prevalence of gingivitis and periodontitis in stages I and II will be maintained, the importance of the link with systemic diseases will increase, and the impact of prevention and periodontal treatment will also increase, mainly in the private sector. There was a strong consensus that plastic and regenerative surgical procedures will increase, as well as the demand for training in the specialty of periodontology. CONCLUSIONS: The present study has provided relevant and useful information on predictions in periodontology/periodontics in Latin America, with important level of consensus among experts. It has been predicted that periodontitis will still be a highly prevalent disease, and its links with other medical conditions should demand more attention by health authorities to develop adequate prevention and management policies and strategies.

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Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the millimeter distances and active tip diameters of different periodontal probes. Methods: Two types of periodontal probes were analyzed (North Carolina (15-UNC) and PCP-12). Two manufacturers were selected for each probe type. Digital images of the probes were obtained and the distances were measured using a software program. The diameter of the active tip was measured using a digital caliper. Both variables were measured by two trained and calibrated examiners. The data were analyzed using the Bland-Altman method and two-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc test. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: A comparison of measurements between the 15UNC and PCP-12 probes showed a significant difference in all millimeter markings. The 15-UNC probe showed differences between the 3 and 12 mm markings. The PCP-12 probe only showed differences between the marks at the 12 mm mark. The 15-UNC probe had a similar active tip diameter between the two manufacturers. The PCP-12 probe showed a significant difference between the two manufacturers. Both types of probes had similar active tip diameters when compared by the two manufacturers. Conclusion: There was no standardization in relation to millimeter marks and tip diameters of the two types of periodontal probes produced by the two different manufacturers. The probe types exhibited little variability

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Introducción: La asignatura Periodoncia juega un papel fundamental en el plan de estudio de la carrera de Estomatología. Su enfoque aborda el proceso de salud-enfermedad periodontal desde una perspectiva integral, lo cual fortalece la formación del estomatólogo general básico. Objetivo: Evaluar de forma crítica el programa de la asignatura Periodoncia de la carrera de Estomatología, del Plan E, para contribuir a su perfeccionamiento. Métodos: Se empleó como método de nivel empírico la revisión documental de la disciplina principal integradora (Estomatología General) y del programa de la asignatura Periodoncia del Plan de Estudios E, de la carrera de Estomatología. Resultados: Se identificaron las insuficiencias del programa, se propuso su perfeccionamiento y se hicieron recomendaciones para su transformación futura, al considerar el perfil de salida del egresado de la carrera de Estomatología. Conclusiones: El programa de la asignatura se ajusta en sus objetivos, contenidos y evaluación, de acuerdo con el modelo del profesional que se aspira a formar; sin embargo, es susceptible de ser perfeccionado.

Introduction: The subject of Periodontics plays an important role in the curriculum of the Stomatology degree. Its approach addresses the process of periodontal health-sickness from a comprehensive perspective, which strengthens the formation of the basic general dentist. Objective: To critically evaluate the program of the subject Periodontics of the Stomatology degree, Plan E, to contribute to its improvement. Methods: The documental review of the main integrative discipline (General Stomatology) and the program of the subject Periodontics of the Plan E, of the Stomatology degree was used as an empirical level method. Results: The insufficiencies of the program were identified, its improvement was proposed and recommendations were made for its future transformation, considering the exit profile of the graduated of the Stomatology degree. Conclusion: The program of the subject adjusts in its objectives, content and evaluation, according to the model of the professional that is aspired to create, however, it is susceptible to be improved.

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This study aimed to report a treatment of multiple gingival recession in a 43-year-old female patient. After clinical and tomographic evaluation, Miller's class I and II (or Cairo RT1) gingival recessions were observed in several teeth of maxilla and mandible. Non-carious cervical lesions, poorly adapted crowns and unbalanced occlusion were also diagnosed, with the absence of canine guides. A thin gingival phenotype was also found. Orthodontic treatment was not performed, as a thin vestibular bone wall in the mandible was detected. Therefore, correction of the occlusion was performed by means of selective wear on cusps of the posterior teeth to relieve premature contacts. For root coverage, tunneling technique was used in the first, second and fourth sextants. In the fifth sextant, full covering occurred only after a second surgery. A third surgery was performed in the fourth quadrant, and the modified Bruno technique was chosen. The donor region was the palate in all the procedures. The two techniques employed reached up to 100% root coverage in all areas that received the surgery. The patient was satisfied with the final result. It was concluded that complete root coverage is possible when using tunneling technique in patients without interproximal bone loss. (AU)

Esse estudo objetivou reportar um tratamento de recessões gengivais múltiplas em uma paciente do sexo feminino de 43 anos. Após avaliação clínica e tomográfica, recessões gengivais classe I e II de Miller (ou RT1 de Cairo) foram observadas em diversos dentes da maxila e mandíbula. Lesões cervicais não cariosas, coroas mal adaptadas e oclusão desbalanceada também foram diagnosticadas, com ausência de guias caninas. Um fenótipo gengival fino foi observado. Tratamento ortodôntico não foi realizado, pois uma parede óssea vestibular fina na mandíbula foi detectada. Portanto, correção da oclusão foi realizada com desgastes seletivos de cúspides dos dentes posteriores para avaliar os contatos prematuros. Para o recobrimento radicular, técnica de tunelização foi utilizada no primeiro, secundo e quarto sextantes. No sexto sextante, recobrimento completo foi conseguido apenas após a segunda cirurgia. Uma terceira cirurgia foi realizada no quarto quadrante, e a técnica modificada de Bruno foi escolhida. O palato foi a região doara em todos os procedimentos. As duas técnicas cirúrgicas empregadas chegaram até a 100% de recobrimento radicular em todas as áreas que receberam a cirurgia. A paciente ficou satisfeita com o resultado final. Foi concluído que o recobrimento radicular complete é possível quando se utiliza a técnica da tunelização em pacientes sem perda óssea interproximal. (AU)

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Background: Surgical and non-surgical periodontal procedures often lead to postoperative pain. Clinicians use pharmacological methods such as anesthetics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and analgesics for relief. However, the multitude of options makes it challenging to select the best approach for routine dental care. Objective: This review aimed to describe previous studies regarding the pharmacological management used for pain control during periodontal procedures as well as factors that may interfere with patients' perception of pain. Methods: We included studies (period of 2000-2023, whose approach corresponded to the pharmacological protocols used for preoperative, trans-operative, and postoperative pain control in adult patients undergoing surgical and non-surgical periodontal therapy. Results: A total of 32 studies were included in the analysis, of which 17 (53%) were related to anesthetic methods and 15 (47%) were related to therapeutic protocols (anti-inflammatory/analgesic agents). These studies predominantly involved nonsurgical periodontal procedures. Studies have reported that factors related to age, type of procedure, and anxiety can influence pain perception; however, only seven of these studies evaluated anxiety. Conclusions: Numerous methods for pain control can be applied in periodontal therapy, which are accomplished through anesthetic methods and/or therapeutic protocols. Factors such as anxiety, age, and type of procedure are related to pain perception in patients. Thus, it is the responsibility of dentists to evaluate each clinical situation and define the best protocol to follow based on the literature.

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Bioceramic cements used for filling root canals in cases of endo-perio lesion of endodontic origin seem to be promising due to having the potential of promoting faster and more predictable healing of the periapical lesion as they stimulate osteogenesis. An effective treatment plan depends on the precise diagnosis of endo-perio lesions. The origin of an infection, being exclusive to the root canal, from the periodontium, or both, is extremely important for devising the treatment plan. In both cases, no clinical evidence of periodontal disease (bleeding, calculus, etc.) was found; however, primary endodontic lesions with the possibility of drainage through the gingival crevice were present. In addition to the disinfection strategies used during the root canal treatments, the bioceramics Bio C Sealer, Bio C Repair and Bio Root RCS were used to fill in the root canals. Both cases presented an impressive bone gain within 8 months for case 1 and 5 months for case 2. Regarding case 1, in the palatal root canal an apical plug with a bioceramic repair cement was used. Based on the literature studied, it can be concluded that after adequate disinfection of the root canals, using bioceramic cements in filling the root canals shows the potential of supporting capabilities in remineralization of osteolytic lesions in endo-perio diseases.

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RESUMEN Los grandes volúmenes de información científica que se generan a diario demandan del profesional de la salud una actualización constante. La mayoría de esa información proviene de países de habla inglesa o se publica en ese idioma; de ahí la imperante necesidad por parte del profesional de aprender dicho idioma para poder apropiarse y/o divulgar en lo posible toda esa creación científica. En ese contexto, los glosarios de términos de diferentes idiomas aportan a cubrir esa necesidad. El presente glosario está concebido como instrumento de búsqueda rápida y actual de términos en inglés relacionados con la ortodoncia y la periodoncia. Recopila más de 150 vocablos de dichas especialidades, y está dirigido tanto a estudiantes como profesionales que deseen consultar eficazmente el significado de palabras propias de dichas ramas. En el presente glosario, no se pretende exponer todos los vocablos y frases pertenecientes a las mismas, pues eso sería imposible. Cabe aclarar que se excluyeron los términos cuya escritura se asemeje al español, excepto aquellos que su significado no sea el mismo.

ABSTRACT The large volumes of scientific information generated daily require health professionals to be constantly updated. Most of this information comes from English-speaking countries or is published in that language; hence, the professional must learn that language to be able to appropriate and/or disseminate as much as possible all this scientific creation. In this context, glossaries of terms from different languages contribute to cover this need. This glossary is conceived as a quick and up-to-date search tool for English terms related to orthodontics and periodontics. It compiles more than 150 terms from these specialties and is intended for students and professionals who wish to consult the meaning of words specific to these fields efficiently. It is not intended to present all the words and phrases pertaining to these specialties, as that would be impossible. It should be clarified that terms with spelling similar to Spanish were excluded, except those whose meaning is not the same.

RESUMO Os grandes volumes de informação científica gerados diariamente exigem dos profissionais de saúde uma atualização constante. A maior parte desta informação provém de países anglófonos ou é publicada nessa língua; daí a necessidade imperiosa de o profissional aprender essa língua para poder apropriar-se e/ou difundir, na medida do possível, toda esta criação científica. Neste contexto, os glossários de termos de diferentes línguas ajudam a responder a esta necessidade. Este glossário foi concebido como uma ferramenta de pesquisa rápida e atualizada de termos ingleses relacionados com a ortodontia e a periodontia. Reúne mais de 150 termos destas especialidades e destina-se tanto a estudantes como a profissionais que pretendam consultar eficazmente o significado de palavras específicas destes domínios. Não se pretende apresentar todas as palavras e expressões pertencentes a estas especialidades, pois tal seria impossível. Convém esclarecer que foram excluídos os termos cuja grafia é semelhante à do espanhol, exceto aqueles cujo significado não é o mesmo.

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The quality of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images is directly influenced by scanning and visualization protocols. Evaluate the subjective quality of the Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) image of different devices and protocols for diagnosing periodontal structures and correlate the findings with the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). One dry dentate mandible was scanned by six CBCT devices: Accuitomo 3D 170, CS 9000, CS 9300, Eagle 3D, i-CAT Classic, and Orthophos XG 3D. All CBCT devices were adjusted to provide a spatial resolution closest to 0.2 mm, and a FOV height limited to less than 100 mm. Cross-sectional images were evaluated randomly. The buccal bone coverage, the periodontal ligament space and the amount of image noise were assessed. The statistics were calculated based on a logistic regression model with the significance level set at 5%. Protocols with large FOVs demonstrated significantly lower image quality. No statistical differences were found regarding buccal bone coverage between the CBCT devices. The CNR showed the highest value for the Accuitomo 60mm x 60mm HiFi 180°, followed by the Accuitomo 60mm x 60mm HiFi 360°, and lower values for the i-Cat Classic and Orthophos XG 3D devices. Most protocols studied presented good image quality in evaluating the buccal bone coverage and periodontal ligament space. However, the exam with the lowest FOV of the Accuitomo 60mm x 60mm HiFi 180° device showed superiority concerning the others.(AU)

A qualidade das imagens de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (CBCT) é diretamente influenciada pelos protocolos de digitalização e visualização. Avaliar a qualidade subjetiva da imagem da Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cone (CBCT) de diferentes aparelhos e protocolos para o diagnóstico de estruturas periodontais e correlacionar os achados com a razão contraste-ruído (RCR). Uma mandíbula dentada seca foi digitalizada por seis dispositivos CBCT: Accuitomo 3D 170, CS 9000, CS 9300, Eagle 3D, i-CAT Classic e Orthophos XG 3D. Todos os dispositivos CBCT foram ajustados para fornecer uma resolução espacial próxima a 0,2 mm e uma altura de FOV limitada a menos de 100 mm. Imagens transversais foram avaliadas aleatoriamente. A cobertura óssea vestibular, o espaço do ligamento periodontal e a quantidade de ruído da imagem foram avaliados. As estatísticas foram calculadas com base em um modelo de regressão logística com nível de significância de 5%. Protocolos com grandes FOVs demonstraram qualidade de imagem significativamente inferior. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas em relação à cobertura óssea vestibular entre os dispositivos CBCT. O CNR apresentou o maior valor para o Accuitomo 60mm x 60mm HiFi 180°, seguido pelo Accuitomo 60mm x 60mm HiFi 360°, e valores menores para os dispositivos i-Cat Classic e Orthophos XG 3D. A maioria dos protocolos estudados apresentou boa qualidade de imagem na avaliação da cobertura óssea vestibular e do espaço do ligamento periodontal. Entretanto, o exame com menor FOV do aparelho Accuitomo 60mm x 60mm HiFi 180° apresentou superioridade em relação aos demais. (AU)

RESUMEN

Periodontal disease is an infectious-inflammatory disease caused by the presence of bacteria in the dental biofilm, leading in many cases to tooth loss. The objective of this work is to report a clinical case of generalized periodontal disease. Female patient, sought the Dental Clinic of the University of Passo Fundo, complaining that her upper dental arch was increasingly "crooked" and felt a little "mobility". , being diagnosed with stage II periodontitis, due to the pandemic, the patient was only able to return to the Dental Clinic after 5 months, when new exams were carried out, with an increase in the probing depth reaching 7mm in some sites, having a new diagnosis periodontal disease, periodontitis stage III of the disease. The patient's treatment plan consisted of adapting the oral environment, through oral hygiene guidance, prophylaxis, supragingival and subgingival scaling. After 6 months of follow-up, it can be noted that the proposed treatment it was not satisfactory, because, after doing a new periogram, there was no regression of the disease. as for oral hygiene, the patient did not cooperate with the treatment and the installation of orthodontic appliances was not recommended. Periodontal maintenance along with the patient's cooperation is essential to achieve successful periodontal treatment, but in the following case report there was no success in periodontal therapy, and the patient's lack of cooperation could be one of the reasons. (AU)

A doença periodontal é uma doença infecto-inflamatória, causada pela presença de bactérias do biofilme dentário, levando em muitos casos a perda dentária. O objetivo do trabalho é relatar um caso clínico de doença periodontal generalizada. Paciente do sexo feminino, procurou a Clínica Odontológica da Universidade de Passo Fundo, reclamando que sua arcada dentária superior estava cada vez mais "torta" e sentia uma pequena "mobilidade". No exame clínico, a sondagem periodontal foi superior de 3mm chegando até 5mm, sendo diagnosticada com periodontite estágio II, por motivos da pandemia a paciente só conseguiu retornar a Clínica Odontológica depois de 5 meses, quando novos exames foram realizados, sendo verificado um aumento da profundidade de sondagem chegando até 7mm em alguns sítios, tendo um novo diagnostico periodontal, periodontite estágio III da doença. O plano de tratamento da paciente consistia em adequação do meio bucal, por meio de orientação de higiene oral, profilaxia, raspagem supragengival e subgengival. Após 6 meses de acompanhamento, pode-se destacar que o tratamento proposto não foi satisfatório, pois, após fazer um novo periograma, não houve regressão da doença. Com intuito de motivar a paciente com hábitos de higiene bucal, a paciente não colaborou com o tratamento e não sendo indicado a realização a instalação de aparelho ortodôntico. A manutenção periodontal junto com a cooperação do paciente é essencial para alcançar o êxito do tratamento periodontal, mas no seguinte relato de caso não houve sucesso da terapia periodontal, podendo ser um dos motivos a falta de colaboração da paciente. (AU)

RESUMEN

Objective: To investigate the effects of maxillary orthodontic expansion on the alveolar bone tissue in adult patients treated with aligners by using cone-beam computed tomography. Methods: Thirty patients (22 females and 8 males; mean age: 36.3 years) were treated with Invisalign® aligners. Cone-beam computed tomography and digital models were obtained before (T0) and after (T1) upper arch expansion. The bone thicknesses in the cervical, middle, and apical areas of the incisors, canines, premolar, and first molars were buccally and palatally measured, totaling 96 areas and 2,880 measurements. The buccolingual inclinations and transverse measurements of the teeth were obtained from digital models to correlate them with the bone changes. The statistical tests used were Student's t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation tests (p < 0.05). Results: From the 96 areas evaluated, 84 revealed an increase or stability in the alveolar bone thickness and twelve displayed significant bone loss. Bone changes did not correlate with the tooth inclination and transverse measurements. Conclusions: Within the limitation of the present study, mild levels of upper arch expansion obtained with Invisalign® aligners in adult patients did not result in any clinically significant loss of alveolar bone thickness.

RESUMEN

El desarrollo de la ciencia y la técnica impone una revi sión de conceptos que deben ajustarse a las evidencias que surgen de los avances de la propia ciencia. Dentro de las ciencias particulares puede hacerse alusión al campo de la Estomatología, cuyo desarrollo ha generado subes pecialidades como la Periodoncia. Durante muchos años se han propuesto y diseñado sistemas de clasificación de las enfermedades periodontales que han permitido incrementar la calidad de la atención a los pacientes. Es deber de todo profesional de la salud brindar la mejor atención posible y hacerla dispo nible y accesible para toda la sociedad. En el presen te trabajo se pretende analizar, desde un enfoque ciencia-tecnología y sociedad, la evolución de las clasificaciones de la enfermedad periodontal desde una perspectiva adecuada a la realidad social en que se desarrolla tanto el profesional como el paciente, con el fin de lograr un impacto positivo que resulte en el incremento de la calidad de vida de la población. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica que se caracterizó por la selección de estudios y la estrategia de búsqueda. Fueron utilizadas como palabras clave las siguientes: ciencia, tecnología, sociedad, periodoncia, clasificación. Las fuentes de información consultadas fueron Google Scholar; PubMed; Cochcrane; MediSur. Se seleccionaron 20 artículos. Se concluyó que en periodoncia resulta necesario actualizar los conocimientos teniendo en cuenta los avances científico-técnicos y utilizarlos desde la perspectiva de la profesionalidad y la ética, siempre en beneficio de la sociedad.

The development of science and technology imposes a revision of concepts that must be adjusted to the evidence that arises from the advances of science itself. Within the particular sciences, reference can be made to the field of Stomatology, whose development has generated subspecialties such as Periodontics. For many years, classification systems for periodontal diseases have been proposed and designed, which have made it possible to increase the quality of care for patients. It is the duty of every health professional to provide the best possible care and make it available and accessible to all of society. The aim of this research is to analyze, from a science-technology and society approach, the evolution of the classifications of periodontal disease from an appropriate perspective to the social reality in which both the professional and the patient develop, in order to achieve a positive impact that results in the population's quality of life increase. A bibliographic review was carried out that was characterized by the selection of studies and the search strategy. The keywords: science, technology, society, periodontics, classification were used. The information sources consulted were Google Scholar; PubMed; Cochcrane; MediSur. 20 articles were selected. It was concluded that in periodontics it is necessary to update knowledge taking into account scientific-technical advances and use them from the professionalism and ethics perspective, always for the society benefit.