RESUMEN

Introducción: El Dr. C. Oscar B. Alonso Chil (1930-2021) formó parte de los médicos que permanecieron en Cuba después del triunfo de la Revolución. Fue fundador de servicios de asistencia en medicina interna y geriatría, y realizó importantes contribuciones a la docencia médica. Objetivo: Exponer la trayectoria de Oscar B. Alonso Chil como médico y docente de la medicina cubana revolucionaria, a través de su historia de vida. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo y de corte cualitativo, donde se utilizó la técnica de la historia de vida, centrada en el aspecto profesional. Para ello se hizo una entrevista semiestructurada al testimoniante como fuente fundamental de información. Se validó el testimonio oral mediante la revisión de la documentación oficial en su expediente docente y la literatura científica existente relacionada con el tema, además de entrevistas a sus alumnos y compañeros de trabajo. Desarrollo: Se constató que fundó servicios; organizó la actividad docente; realizó tutorías, publicaciones y asesorías; y fue miembro de tribunales y consejos científicos. Cada una de sus actividades las desempeñó con gran compromiso e incondicionalidad a su profesión, lo cual le generó mucha satisfacción con la vida. Llegó a ostentar las más altas distinciones por su trabajo: Especialista de Segundo Grado en Medicina Interna, y Profesor Titular, Consultante y de Mérito de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana. Conclusiones: Oscar B. Alonso Chil contribuyó al desarrollo de la medina interna en Cuba en la etapa revolucionaria. Este profesor representa un modelo para los estudiantes de ciencias médicas por su prestigio profesional y científico(AU)

Introduction: Ph.D. Oscar B. Alonso Chil (b. 1930-d. 2021) was one of the physicians who stayed in Cuba after the triumph of the Revolution. He was a founder of the healthcare services for internal medicine and geriatrics, and made important contributions to medical teaching. Objective: To present the professional career of Oscar B. Alonso Chil as a physician and teacher of revolutionary Cuban medicine, through his life history. Methods: A descriptive and qualitative study was carried out, using the life history technique, focused on the professional aspect. For this purpose, a semistructured interview was conducted with the testimony witness as a fundamental source of information. The oral testimony was validated by reviewing the official documentation in his teaching file and the existing scientific literature related to the subject; in addition to interviews with his students and coworkers. Development: It was observed that he founded services, organized the teaching activity, supervised research, made publications and consultancies, and was a member of scientific boards and councils. He performed each of these activities with great commitment and unconditionality to his profession, which gave him great satisfaction with life. He achieved holding the highest distinctions for his work: second-degree specialist in Internal Medicine, as well as Full Professor, Faculty Consultant and Emeritus Professor of the University of Medical Sciences of Havana. Conclusions: Oscar B. Alonso Chil contributed to the development of internal medicine in Cuba during the revolutionary period. This professor represents a role model for students of medical sciences due to his professional and scientific prestige(AU)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Metformin has been under basic and clinical study as an oncological repurposing pharmacological agent for several years, stemming from observational studies which consistently evidenced that subjects who were treated with metformin had a reduced risk for development of cancer throughout their lives, as well as improved survival outcomes when diagnosed with neoplastic diseases. As a result, several basic science studies have attempted to dissect the relationship between metformin's metabolic mechanism of action and antineoplastic cellular signaling pathways. Evidence in this regard was compelling enough that a myriad of randomized clinical trials was planned and conducted in order to establish the effect of metformin treatment for patients with diverse neoplasms, including lung cancer. As with most novel antineoplastic agents, early results from these studies have been mostly discouraging, though a recent analysis that incorporated body mass index may provide significant information regarding which patient subgroups might derive the most benefit from the addition of metformin to their anticancer treatment. Much in line with the current pipeline for anticancer agents, it appears that the benefit of metformin may be circumscribed to a specific patient subgroup. If so, addition of metformin to antineoplastic agents could prove one of the most cost-effective interventions proposed in the context of precision oncology. Currently published reviews mostly rely on a widely questioned mechanism of action by metformin, which fails to consider the differential effects of the drug in lean vs. obese subjects. In this review, we analyze the pre-clinical and clinical information available to date regarding the use of metformin in various subtypes of lung cancer and, further, we present evidence as to the differential metabolic effects of metformin in lean and obese subjects where, paradoxically, the obese subjects have reported more benefit with the addition of metformin treatment. The novel mechanisms of action described for this biguanide may explain the different results observed in clinical trials published in the last decade. Lastly, we present novel hypothesis regarding potential biomarkers to identify who might reap benefit from this intervention, including the role of prolyl hydroxylase domain 3 (PHD3) expression to modify metabolic phenotypes in malignant diseases.

RESUMEN

Brazil has an extensive coastline and Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) area, which are of high economic and strategic importance. A Maritime Surveillance System becomes necessary to provide information and data to proper authorities, and target tracking is crucial. This paper focuses on a multitarget tracking application to a large-scale maritime surveillance system. The system is composed of a sensor network distributed over an area of interest. Due to the limited computational capabilities of nodes, the sensors send their tracking data to a central station, which is responsible for gathering and processing information obtained by the distributed components. The local Multitarget Tracking (MTT) algorithm employs a random finite set approach, which adopts a Gaussian mixture Probability Hypothesis Density (PHD) filter. The proposed data fusion scheme, utilized in the central station, consists of an additional step of prune & merge to the original GM PHD filter algorithm, which is the main contribution of this work. Through simulations, this study illustrates the performance of the proposed algorithm with a network composed of two stationary sensors providing the data. This solution yields a better tracking performance when compared to individual trackers, which is attested by the Optimal Subpattern Assignment (OSPA) metric and its location and cardinality components. The presented results illustrate the overall performance improvement attained by the proposed solution. Moreover, they also stress the need to resort to a distributed sensor network to tackle real problems related to extended targets.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

RESUMEN Introducción: La constante preparación de los profesionales del sector de la salud es de vital importancia, por lo que siempre ha constituido una prioridad del máximo organismo de la salud en Cuba. De tal hecho, cada vez más existe un esfuerzo por elevar la calidad del proceso docente-educativo en los cursos de pregrado y posgrado con énfasis en la obtención de un grado científico. Objetivo: Elaborar un sistema de acciones concebido para el incremento del proceso de formación de doctores en ciencias en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey. Desarrollo: Se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos, con énfasis en la Matriz FODA. A partir de ello, se obtuvieron criterios favorables por las acciones ejecutadas hasta el momento; y a la vez se mostraron dificultades presentes que se enmarcan en la orientación de la actividad científica que se desarrolla y el tratamiento ofrecido a las prioridades del plan de ciencia y técnica, para que este se oriente en las problemáticas vitales del desarrollo en el ámbito de las ciencias médicas. Se diseñó un sistema de acciones que incluye medidas que involucran al potencial humano de la ciencia, así como a los directivos; que permitirá, en diversos plazos, que se incremente el número de docentes con este grado científico. Conclusiones: Se considera que las acciones propuestas, al tener en cuenta las directrices estratégicas, la población objeto de atención y los diferentes ámbitos temporales y espaciales identificados, permitirá el fortalecimiento del desarrollo de la formación doctoral en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The constant preparation of professionals in the health sector is of vital importance; therefore, it has always been a priority of the highest health organization in Cuba. As a result, there is increasingly an effort to raise the quality of the teaching-educational process in undergraduate and graduate courses with an emphasis on obtaining a scientific degree. Objective: To elaborate a system of actions conceived to increase the process of training doctors of science at the University of Medical Sciences of Camagüey. Development: Theoretical and empirical methods were used, with emphasis on the SWOT Matrix. From this, favorable criteria were obtained for the actions carried out; and at the same time, present difficulties that are framed in the orientation of the scientific activity that is developed, and the treatment offered to the priorities of the science and technique plan so that it is oriented on the vital problems of development in the field of science medical; among others. A system of actions was designed that includes measures that involve the human potential of science, as well as managers; which will allow, in various terms, to increase the number of teachers with this scientific degree. Conclusions: It is considered that the proposed actions, taking into account the strategic guidelines, the target population and the different temporal and spatial areas identified, will allow the strengthening of the development of doctoral training at the University of Medical Sciences of Camagüey.

RESUMEN

The primary purpose of this study is to identify academic cultural themes in the popular television sitcom The Big Bang Theory in order to enhance doctoral students' awareness and acquisition of Ph.D. competencies through formalized and explicit instruction. The secondary aim is to assess the impact of the selected academic themes on doctoral students' acquisition of Ph.D. competencies in an English for Academic Conversation (EAC) classroom. Drawing upon the concept of thematic learning instruction, a qualitative research method involving six clusters of Ph.D. competency reference framework developed by Durette and others was adopted to identify the academic cultural themes depicted by the sitcom's main characters. This is followed by evaluating the effectiveness of an EAC course in fostering learners' Ph.D. competencies using selected identified academic cultural themes. The result showed that the sitcom's main characters demonstrate the personal and professional skills commonly possessed by a competent academic as an individual or group. This is evidenced as all the thirty-four identified skills traverse the six clusters of Ph.D. competencies devised by Durette and colleagues in 2016. Also, the impact assessment results revealed that the course fostered learners' Ph.D. competencies as they shared knowledge, past experience, and action plans of every selected academic theme. This work contributes to existing knowledge of doctoral competencies vital to promoting competency-based Ph.D. programs in higher education.

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the productivity characteristics related to the thesis rate of biomedical students of the PhD program in Health Sciences in Lima, Peru through a 20-year retrospective study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective, comparative, cross-sectional study. The evaluation period consisted of two time periods, 1999-2014 and 2015-2019, to differentiate thesis defense production both before and after the promulgation of the new University Law 30220 in Peru. The student population included graduates from different professional areas (Dentistry, Medicine, etc.). An electronic search for all the data was carried out by using the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM) SUM (Unique Registration System) software. RESULTS: It was found that the highest prevalence of students who entered in the doctoral programs of the UNMSM Faculty of Medicine was 26.6% in 2013, whereas the highest prevalence of graduates was 24.4% in 2016. Finally, the highest prevalence of graduates who engaged in thesis defense was 41.4% in 2017. There has been a constant increase in thesis production, with the cutoff point being from 2014 onward. The Pearson's chi-square test showed a significant association between the type of PhD program and thesis defense (P = 0.008). CONCLUSION: The greatest production of thesis defense was carried out from 2014 to 2019. In addition, there was a significant association between thesis defense according to the PhD program and the professional career of the PhD student; however, none of the factors associated with the influence of obtaining a PhD degree in any of the programs evaluated was statistically significant.

RESUMEN

A new pulse sequence aimed to filter out NMR signals coming from thermally polarized protons in PHIP experiments based on the OPSY pulse sequence (Only Parahydrogen SpectroscopY) is presented. In analogy to OPSY, which removes thermal polarization by using a pair of magnetic field gradient pulses with an intensity ratio 1:2 and equal duration, the same effect can be achieved using inhomogeneous radiofrequency fields. The spatial dependence of the radiofrequency field is used to control the Hamiltonian, which results in an effective suppression of thermal contributions in the NMR signal, while PHIP originated signals remain unmodified. A theoretical model for the radiofrequency encoded only parahydrogen (REOPSY) sequence is presented along with an experimental implementation on a birdcage coil in a 7 T magnetic field. The control level achieved by this strategy allows the inclusion of a long train of refocusing pulses. Therefore, the new sequence can be combined with the parahydrogen discriminated PHIP (PhD-PHIP) pulse sequence as a detection block to improve sensitivity and resolution in a single-scan experiment. Experiments with REOPSY and REOPSY+PhD-PHIP are presented in thermally and hyperpolarized samples.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The Program of Combined Studies in Medicine (PECEM, by its acronym in Spanish) is a program for simultaneous bachelor and doctorate studies (MD/PhD) that enrolls students who show academic excellence and interest in scientific research. The initial doctoral training comprises seven six-month research stays in different laboratories or clinical or computer areas with different high-quality scientific advisors who provide students with a unique experience for their scientific training. Therefore, satisfaction in this stage is decisive for students' performance and physical and psychological health. The aim of the present study was to administer a questionnaire to measure students' satisfaction with their research experience as a service-product bundle. METHODS: Students answered an online questionnaire that evaluated three dimensions: perceived quality of the advisor, skills development, and infrastructure and support. Several satisfiers were also evaluated: recommendation of the advisor to peers, fulfillment of student expectations and satisfaction with the program. Correlations were calculated using Fisher's exact test. The significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: The high quality of the advisor, skills development and guidance during the stay were satisfiers correlated to the students' recommendation of their advisors to their peers and to the fulfillment of the students' scientific expectations. Conversely, skills development and infrastructure and support were satisfiers for a good to excellent experience as a PECEM student. A lack of direct interaction with the advisor's workgroup was related to dissatisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: The nontangible products of the service, such as a positive interaction between the student, the advisor and the advisor's workgroup as well as support obtained during the research stay, were satisfiers. These data indicate that promoting a fruitful bond between the student and advisor is a priority to ensure the quality of our innovative MD/PhD program.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Introducción: El propósito actual de incrementar la formación de doctores en el sector sanitario responde a la necesidad de los solucionar problemas relativos a la salud de la población y a su atención a través de servicios organizados, a partir del trabajo de profesionales formados con un enfoque científico. Objetivo: Describir los resultados de la estrategia de formación doctoral de los profesores de la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública entre 2017 y 2018. Métodos: Investigación descriptiva y transversal, que estudió la totalidad de los profesores de la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública. La información disponible partió de los jefes de los departamentos docentes y se estructuró en bases de datos de la Oficina de doctorado de dicha institución. También se analizó la base de datos que incluía a los matriculados en el Programa de doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud o en otra área del conocimiento fuera de la institución. Resultados: Se logró un buen funcionamiento en la conducción de la estrategia y la inserción de los aspirantes a grupos de investigación resultó una experiencia positiva. Se evidenció la lentitud de algunos profesores en la fase de definición del tema y de aprobación de los proyectos por el consejo científico. Esto produjo estancamiento en el desarrollo de los docentes, por lo que debe considerarse con mayor peso en su evaluación. Conclusiones: La Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública ha ejecutado la estrategia de formación doctoral para sus profesores desde su puesto de trabajo, y ha logrado vincular las líneas de investigación de doctorado con las tesis de maestrías y especialidades. Esta estrategia ha mostrado factibilidad y resultados satisfactorios, aunque subsisten algunas brechas que forman parte de las proyecciones de la institución para mejorar la formación doctoral(AU)

Introduction: The current purpose of increasing the training of doctors in the health sector responds to the need to solve problems related to population health and care through organized services, based on the work of professionals trained with a scientific approach. Objective: To describe the outcomes of the doctoral training strategy of the professors of the National School of Public Health between 2017 and 2018. Methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional research, which studied all the professors of the National School of Public Health. The information available was obtained from the heads of the teaching departments and structured in databases of the Doctoral Programs Office of that institution. The database that included those enrolled in the PhD in Health Sciences or another area of knowledge outside the institution was also analyzed. Results: A good functioning was achieved in the conduction of the strategy and the insertion of the candidates to research groups was a positive experience. Some slowness was evidenced in some professors regarding the phase of definition of their subjects and in the approval of the projects by the scientific committee. This caused stagnation in the development of teachers, so it should be considered with greater weight in its evaluation. Conclusions: The National School of Public Health has implemented the strategy of doctoral training for its professors from their posts, and has managed to link the lines of doctoral research with theses of master's degrees and medical specialties. This strategy has shown feasibility and satisfactory outcomes, although there are still some gaps that are part of the institution's projections to improve doctoral training(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Abstract Introduction: For a doctoral student it is necessary and mandatory to conduct research that leads them to move the frontier of knowledge. In this context, how does critical thinking contribute to generating new knowledge? Many authors attempt to explain and define critical thinking. Objective: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the most relevant critical thinking models and to develop a model for this personal attribute in doctoral education. Materials and methods: Seminal works and the most significant models of critical thinking were reviewed in the current literature. Results: A critical thinking model in doctoral education was developed as an integration of the most important contributions of all authors. Conclusions: We argue that there is not a unique definition for this concept and that critical thinking may be understood as a process rather than as a tool, attribute or skill.

Resumen: Introducción. Para un estudiante doctoral es necesario y obligatorio llevar a cabo una investigación que lo conduce a mover la frontera del conocimiento. En este contexto, ¿cómo contribuye el pensamiento crítico a generar nuevo conocimiento? Muchos autores intentan explicar y definir el pensamiento crítico. Objetivo. El propósito de este trabajo es discutir los modelos de pensamiento crítico más relevantes y desarrollar un modelo para este atributo personal en la educación doctoral. Materiales y métodos. Los trabajos seminales y los modelos más significativos de pensamiento crítico fueron revisados en la literatura actual. Resultados. Se desarrolló un modelo de pensamiento crítico en la educación doctoral, como una integración de las contribuciones más importantes de todos los autores. Conclusión. Argumentamos que no existe una definición única para este concepto y que el pensamiento crítico puede ser entendido como un proceso más que como una herramienta, atributo o habilidad.

Resumo: Introdução. Para um aluno de doutorado é necessário e obrigatório realizar uma investigação que o leve a mover a fronteira do conhecimento. Neste contexto, como o pensamento crítico contribui para gerar novos conhecimentos? Muitos autores tentam explicar e definir o pensamento crítico. Objetivo. O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir os modelos de pensamento crítico mais relevantes e desenvolver um modelo para este atributo pessoal na educação de doutorado. Materiais e métodos. Trabalhos seminais e os modelos mais significativos de pensamento crítico foram revisados na literatura atual. Resultados. Um modelo de pensamento crítico na formação de doutorado foi desenvolvido como uma integração das contribuições mais importantes de todos os autores. Conclusões. Nós argumentamos que não existe uma definição única para esse conceito e que o pensamento crítico pode ser entendido como um processo e não como uma ferramenta, atributo ou habilidade.

RESUMEN

Despite the large degree of polarization in PHIP experiments compared to the Boltzmann factor, the presence of a large amount of non-reacted molecules with thermal polarization is an important obstacle when dealing with very diluted samples. The feasibility of enhancing both sensitivity and resolution in a single experiment by combining two well established pulse sequences, OPSY and PHD-PHIP is presented. OPSY is used as a block for filtering the signals originated from thermally polarized protons. PhD-PHIP, on the other hand, is used as an acquisition block, increasing the resolution and further improving the sensitivity by preventing signal canceling in the presence of magnetic field inhomogeneities. Experiments in a complex sample with very low hyperpolarization levels are presented showing the excellent performance of the method.

RESUMEN

Resumen Este artículo analiza las preferencias de empleo de las mujeres estudiantes de doctorado en Ingeniería. Estas preferencias oscilan entre la academia y la industria y se las compara con las de los estudiantes hombres. Trabajos previos de investigación sobre mujeres con doctorado se han enfocado en el clima laboral, las experiencias de acoso sexual, el impacto de los factores familiares en la trayectoria laboral y los ingresos salariales. El análisis está basado en información obtenida de una encuesta virtual aplicada a estudiantes de doctorado en ingeniería provenientes de una universidad en Colombia. Los resultados muestran que las estudiantes mujeres tienen mayor interés por espacios laborales en los cuales puedan realizar investigación y tienen una alta valoración por atributos laborales como la posibilidad de colaborar con otras instituciones /organizaciones. Una de las principales conclusiones del estudio es que las mujeres presentaron mayor inclinación por los atributos laborales que caracterizan a la academia mientras que los hombres evidencian una mayor por los relacionados con la industria y se mostraron menos interesados en optar por una carrera académica.

Abstract This paper analyses career preferences of women who are doing a Ph.D. program in engineering and compares them with those of men doing a Ph.D. program in engineering. Research on women with doctoral education has focused on exploring topics related to job climate, sexual harassment, the impact of family factors on job experience, employability, and salary earnings. The analysis is based on data collected from online survey administered to women doing a Ph.D. program in engineering at a university in Colombia. The results show that women have an interest in jobs in which they can do research as well as a high perception over job attributes, such collaboration with institutions/organization. One of the main conclusions of the study is that women show greater inclination for the work attributes of the academy while men show a greater tendency for those related to the industry and men are less interested in an academic career.

RESUMEN

In the last 150 years, scientific research has produced extraordinary discoveries in Medicine and there is no doubt that research will continue contributing substantially in the future but there is no the same conviction regarding how to provision such capacities in medical graduates. In Chile, the Faculties of Medicine created several doctorate programs in Medical Sciences (Ph.D.) to strengthen medical research. However, the low number of physicians who apply to these programs is a caveat. These programs provide the advanced third-cycle competencies expected by students aspiring for an excellence research certification and their incorporation into academia. Universities stand out in their capacity to adapt themselves to educational needs, developing programs designed to fill specific gaps. Ph.D. programs intercalated to the medical career show that this is the correct approach. The development of specific doctorate programs for the small number of physicians interested in research and for medical students with a strong interest in research could be an innovative solution to motivate and encourage them to develop a career in clinical investigation. Using this approach, Medical Schools and Doctorate in Medical Sciences programs would jointly stimulate the training of medical scientists.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

A partir de resultados de pesquisas realizadas na última década, no contexto da pós-graduação stricto sensu, discute-se o impacto da formação pós-graduada e seus limites. Acúmulo recente de trabalhos críticos ao produtivismo acadêmico leva a refletir sobre o papel dos egressos da pós-graduação na sociedade. A expansão dos cursos de pós-graduação resultou em que muitos mestres e doutores exercem atividades distintas da docência superior, para a qual, até meados da década de 1990, tais cursos se destinavam. Nesses outros espaços não é possível reproduzir o que se aprendeu no curso. Como empregar os resultados de pesquisa em espaços laborais? A pergunta não costuma ser discutida durante a formação. Historicamente deposita-se na ciência esperanças de melhorias para a vida; porém, qual o impacto efetivo das pesquisas/publicações. O emprego de resultados de pesquisa no mundo do trabalho e nas comunidades requer processos que não foram aprendidos na pós-graduação; nela se aprende investigar sob orientação, produzir tese ou dissertação, produzir e publicar artigos, participar de eventos científicos. Se o egresso publicou em periódicos “Qualis” (de preferência internacionais e em inglês) cumpriu com as expectativas dos órgãos avaliadores/financiadores da pós-graduação. E a contribuição com a sociedade? Que benefícios têm as comunidades/regiões com a instalação em seus territórios de profissionais que aprenderam a pesquisar? Busca-se evidenciar neste trabalho a relevância de fomentar comunidades científicas locais, que criem sinergia entre egressos da pós-graduação e outros protagonistas sociais, instalados num determinado território, para impactar o desenvolvimento econômico e social.(AU)

Based on results of research carried out in the last decade, in the context of Postgraduate courses (Masters and PHD). We discuss the impact of postgraduate training and its limits. Recent critical works to academic productivity leads to reflect on the role of the researchers and the impact of their work in society. The expansion of the Brazilian’s system resulted in many masters and doctors performing spaces that are not higher education system, for which was oriented that training until the mid-1990s. In these other spaces it is not possible to reproduce what was learned in the course. How to employ search results in several workspaces, out of universities? The problem is not enough discussed, during training. Historically, many hopes of humanity have been expected from science, for improvements in social-well-being. The use of research results in the work posts requires processes that have not been learned in the courses; learns are about investigate under guidance, producing thesis or dissertation, papers and scientific congress. If juniors masters and PHDs publishes in excellent journals (preferably international, in English) they satisfy expectations of evaluating/funding organisms. What about contribution to society? What benefits have communities that keeps professionals that are able to research? This article seeks to explain the relevance of promoting local scientific communities, which may create synergy between professionals capable of research and other social actors installed in territory, to impact economic and social development.(AU)

A partir de resultados de investigaciones realizadas en la última década en el contexto de Posgrado brasileño (PG), discutimos el impacto de este nivel de formación y sus límites. Recientes trabajos críticos al productivismo académico llevan a reflexionar sobre el papel de los egresados de PG en la sociedad. La expansión del sistema resultó en que muchos mestres y doctores actúen en actividades fuera de la universidad. Hasta mitad de los 1990, el PG calificaba profesores para la universidad. En otros espacios laborales no es posible reproducir lo que se aprendió en el curso de PG. Como utilizar los resultados de las investigaciones en los demás espacios sociales es una pregunta que prácticamente no se presenta durante la formación. Se ha depositado en la ciencia esperanzas de una vida mejor; pero, cual ha sido el impacto efectivo de las publicaciones? La aplicación de resultados de investigación en el mundo del trabajo requiere más que publicaciones, procesos que no se aprendieron en el PG; en este se aprende a investigar con orientación, a producir tesis, publicar artículos, participar en eventos científicos. Si el egresado publica en periódicos prestigiosos, en inglés, cumplió con las expectativas de los órganos evaluadores de PG. Y como se colabora con la sociedad? Que beneficios tienen las comunidades con la presencia de profesionales que pesquisan? Intentamos evidenciar la relevancia en fomentar comunidades científicas locales, que creen sinergias entre los egresados de PG y otros protagonistas sociales del territorio, para impactar el desarrollo económico y social.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

A partir de resultados de pesquisas realizadas na última década, no contexto da pós-graduação stricto sensu, discute-se o impacto da formação pós-graduada e seus limites. Acúmulo recente de trabalhos críticos ao produtivismo acadêmico leva a refletir sobre o papel dos egressos da pós-graduação na sociedade. A expansão dos cursos de pós-graduação resultou em que muitos mestres e doutores exercem atividades distintas da docência superior, para a qual, até meados da década de 1990, tais cursos se destinavam. Nesses outros espaços não é possível reproduzir o que se aprendeu no curso. Como empregar os resultados de pesquisa em espaços laborais? A pergunta não costuma ser discutida durante a formação. Historicamente deposita-se na ciência esperanças de melhorias para a vida; porém, qual o impacto efetivo das pesquisas/publicações. O emprego de resultados de pesquisa no mundo do trabalho e nas comunidades requer processos que não foram aprendidos na pós-graduação; nela se aprende investigar sob orientação, produzir tese ou dissertação, produzir e publicar artigos, participar de eventos científicos. Se o egresso publicou em periódicos “Qualis” (de preferência internacionais e em inglês) cumpriu com as expectativas dos órgãos avaliadores/financiadores da pós-graduação. E a contribuição com a sociedade? Que benefícios têm as comunidades/regiões com a instalação em seus territórios de profissionais que aprenderam a pesquisar? Busca-se evidenciar neste trabalho a relevância de fomentar comunidades científicas locais, que criem sinergia entre egressos da pós-graduação e outros protagonistas sociais, instalados num determinado território, para impactar o desenvolvimento econômico e social.

Based on results of research carried out in the last decade, in the context of Postgraduate courses (Masters and PHD). We discuss the impact of postgraduate training and its limits. Recent critical works to academic productivity leads to reflect on the role of the researchers and the impact of their work in society. The expansion of the Brazilian’s system resulted in many masters and doctors performing spaces that are not higher education system, for which was oriented that training until the mid-1990s. In these other spaces it is not possible to reproduce what was learned in the course. How to employ search results in several workspaces, out of universities? The problem is not enough discussed, during training. Historically, many hopes of humanity have been expected from science, for improvements in social-well-being. The use of research results in the work posts requires processes that have not been learned in the courses; learns are about investigate under guidance, producing thesis or dissertation, papers and scientific congress. If juniors masters and PHDs publishes in excellent journals (preferably international, in English) they satisfy expectations of evaluating/funding organisms. What about contribution to society? What benefits have communities that keeps professionals that are able to research? This article seeks to explain the relevance of promoting local scientific communities, which may create synergy between professionals capable of research and other social actors installed in territory, to impact economic and social development.

A partir de resultados de investigaciones realizadas en la última década en el contexto de Posgrado brasileño (PG), discutimos el impacto de este nivel de formación y sus límites. Recientes trabajos críticos al productivismo académico llevan a reflexionar sobre el papel de los egresados de PG en la sociedad. La expansión del sistema resultó en que muchos mestres y doctores actúen en actividades fuera de la universidad. Hasta mitad de los 1990, el PG calificaba profesores para la universidad. En otros espacios laborales no es posible reproducir lo que se aprendió en el curso de PG. Como utilizar los resultados de las investigaciones en los demás espacios sociales es una pregunta que prácticamente no se presenta durante la formación. Se ha depositado en la ciencia esperanzas de una vida mejor; pero, cual ha sido el impacto efectivo de las publicaciones? La aplicación de resultados de investigación en el mundo del trabajo requiere más que publicaciones, procesos que no se aprendieron en el PG; en este se aprende a investigar con orientación, a producir tesis, publicar artículos, participar en eventos científicos. Si el egresado publica en periódicos prestigiosos, en inglés, cumplió con las expectativas de los órganos evaluadores de PG. Y como se colabora con la sociedad? Que beneficios tienen las comunidades con la presencia de profesionales que pesquisan? Intentamos evidenciar la relevancia en fomentar comunidades científicas locales, que creen sinergias entre los egresados de PG y otros protagonistas sociales del territorio, para impactar el desarrollo económico y social.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

La investigación ha demostrado que las decisiones laborales de los estudiantes de Doctorado en Ingeniería están influenciadas por sus preferencias de empleo por la academia o la industria. Los estudios han encontrado que estas preferencias están configuradas por factores como la edad, el género, la presencia de hijos y el nivel educativo de los padres. Sin embargo, una aproximación que considere simultáneamente varios factores no ha sido empleada para investigar la formación de dichas preferencias. Este artículo analiza los factores que tienen relación con la configuración de las preferencias de empleo de 63 estudiantes de doctorado matriculados en una universidad en Colombia. La edad, la presencia de hijos y el grado de escolaridad de la madre tienen relación con las preferencias por la academia. En cambio, no tener experiencia laboral antes de ingresar al programa de doctorado estructura las preferencias por la industria.

Research has demonstrated that job decisions made by engineering PhD students are influenced by their career preferences for academia or industry. Studies have found that career preferences are shaped by a set offactors including age, gender, the presence of children, y parents' educational attainment. However, an all-embracing approach has not been used to investigate the shaping of students' career preferences. This article analyzes the factors that have a relation with the shaping of 63 PhD students' career preferences enrolled in a Colombian university. An analysis of the relationship between an array of factors y students' career preferences is made. Age, the presence of children, and mothefs educational attainment have a relation with the shaping of students' career preferences for academia. Conversely, not having job experience before enrolling in the PhD program shapes students' interest in non-academic job positions.

RESUMEN

The number of doctoral programs in the biomedical field has risen in recent decades, but with a concentration in Santiago and little expansion into the provinces. The aim of this article is to describe the initial results obtained by the Doctorate in Medical Sciences program of the Universidad de La Frontera, Chile. Observational study, conducted in the Department of Surgery at the Universidad de La Frontera, Chile. All cohorts in the program from 2008 to 2015 were included. The outcome variables were: Graduation rate and scientific productivity of the graduates (WoS and SciELO publications). Other variables of interest were: academic faculty productivity (WoS and SciELO publications), and characteristics of students who entered the program (age, sex, origin, profession, previous graduate training and number of years of formal university education). Descriptive statistics were applied. During the evaluation period, of a total of 17 qualified, 8 doctorates have been granted (1.6 per year), a graduation rate of 47.1 %. The research productivity for 2010-2015 was 14.1 publications per graduate (8.4 WoS and 5.7 SciELO) and 43.8 publications per academic (41.2 WoS and 2.6 SciELO). In the period, 55 professionals applied and 27 were accepted (49.1 % rate acceptance). Initial results of the Doctorate in Medical Sciences program of the Universidad de La Frontera, Chile are presented.

El número de programas de doctorado en el área biomédica ha crecido en las últimas décadas, aunque la mayoría se concentra en Santiago, con un escaso desarrollo en regiones. El objetivo de este artículo es describir los resultados iniciales obtenidos por el programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad de La Frontera. Estudio observacional, descriptivo; realizado en el Departamento de Cirugía de la Universidad de La Frontera. Se incluyeron la totalidad de las cohortes que han ingresado al programa, desde 2008 a 2015. Las variables de los resultados fueron: Tasa de graduación y productividad de los graduados (publicaciones WoS y SciELO). Otras variables de interés fueron: productividad del Claustro (publicaciones WoS y SciELO); y características de los alumnos que ingresaron al programa (edad, sexo, origen, profesión, formación de postgrado previa y número de años de formación universitaria formal). Se aplicó estadística descriptiva. Durante el período evaluado, de un total de 17 habilitados, se graduaron 8 doctores (1,6 por año), tasa de graduación de 47,1 %. La productividad para el período 2010-2015 fue de 14,1 publicaciones por graduado (8,4 WoS y 5,7 SciELO); y 43,8 publicaciones por miembro del Claustro (41,2 WoS y 2,6 SciELO). En el período analizado postularon 55 profesionales, siendo aceptados un total de 27 (49,1 % de aceptación). Se presentan los resultados iniciales del programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad de La Frontera.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

El trabajo versó en torno a las competencias socioemocionales y su trascendencia para la investigación. Se develaron referentes teóricos relativos a tales competencias, que permitieron aportar una conceptualización y una sistemática estructurada en cinco grandes bloques: conciencia emocional, regulación emocional, autonomía emocional, competencia social y competencias de vida y bienestar. La pesquisa estuvo dirigida al diseño y aplicación preliminar de una intervención educativa, desde la actividad de postgrado, destinada a favorecer el desarrollo de las competencias socioemocionales en másteres y doctores en formación. Se obtuvieron resultados parciales positivos, a partir de su introducción en la práctica.

The paper deals with socio-emotional competencies and their importance inconducting research. It discloses a framework of references around competencies related concepts and structured into a fivefold grouping: emotional awareness, emotional regulation, emotional autonomy, social competence and powers of life and wellbeing. The research was aimed to design and attempting the education of socio-emotional competencies at masters and Ph. D. training in the field of education. The initial application of the proposal proved to be effective.

RESUMEN

Introducción: la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala (USAC), es la institución docente entre cuyas facultades se encuentra la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (FCM), esta no cuenta con ningún Doctorado en Ciencias que favorezca fortalecer su papel, que ha sido el de estrechar su vinculación con el Estado, la sociedad y el sector industrial, para así contribuir a la búsqueda de soluciones a los problemas y necesidades prioritarias del país. Objetivo: mostrar el diseño del programa curricular de formación de doctores en Salud Pública de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad San Carlos de Guatemala. Métodos: se utilizaron de forma combinada técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas, se revisaron documentos oficiales de la FCM relacionadas con el reglamento y normas establecidas para este tipo de programa. Resultados: el Programa está conformado por 5 áreas que le dan salida a diversos contenidos que contribuyen a profundizar en el conocimiento de la Salud Pública y especialmente en la investigación, las actividades docentes curriculares se desarrollan en tres años, en la modalidad semipresencial. Conclusiones: se obtiene al finalizar cada curso, seminario de tesis y seminario temático un producto del aprendizaje, como parte del proceso se elaboraron las guías que permitieron a los cursantes realizar sus trabajos en la fecha indicada de su entrega. Los expertos opinaron que el programa tiene un orden lógico, que tiene una real pertinencia para Guatemala y especialmente para la FCM.

Introduction: Universidad San Carlos de Guatemala is the educational institution that hosts the Faculty of Medical Sciences but this center does not have any PhD studies in Sciences that would favor the strengthening of its role which has been that of setting closer linking with the state, the society and the industrial sector and thus contributing to the search for solutions to problems and to priority needs of the country. Objectives: to show the design of the curriculum for the formation of PH D in public health of the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the Universidad San Carlos de Guatemala. Methods: quantitative and qualitative techniques were jointly used as well as official document reviews related to the rules and norms set for this type of program. Results: the program is made up of 5 areas that provide output to several contents that help to deepen into the knowledge of public health, particularly research whereas the teaching curricular activities are carried out in three years in the semi face-to-face modality. Conclusions: at the end of each course, thesis seminar or thematic seminar, a learning product is obtained; there were prepared as part of the process the guidelines that allowed the participants to make their papers in due time for handing them in. The experts believed that the program had a logical order, is truly suitable for Guatemala and particularly for the Faculty of Medical Sciences.

Asunto(s)