RESUMEN
Osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) has a growing recognition in serving as an effective treatment to promote adaptation and homeostasis of the body by addressing musculoskeletal, neural, vascular, and lymphatic structures to promote self-healing and regulation. OMM can treat the musculoskeletal tension and sympathetic hyperactivity resulting from the increased cortisol response and hypersensitivity found in varying psychiatric illnesses, including anorexia nervosa (AN). This paper addresses the considerations necessary for treating AN patients with OMM, emphasizing the need to evaluate their abnormal high-level neuronal processing of sensory information, including differences in touch perception compared to the general population. Current literature was gathered utilizing a combination of the following keywords: anorexia nervosa, perception of touch, and osteopathic manipulative medicine/treatment. No literature was found addressing the effects of OMM on treating AN patients. Eight studies addressed the change in perception of touch found in AN patients. Results of the literature review reveal that the perceptions of touch in AN patients are distorted and can lead to reduced perceived pleasantness encountered in social interactions and touch. Specific changes have been found in C-tactile (CT) afferents responsible for the positive effects of touch, thus influencing emotional regulation. The significance of addressing this topic is to provide insight into the pathophysiological processes of AN and to inform physicians of unconventional stimuli that may exacerbate AN symptoms and behaviors. Further study is required to elucidate the role and mechanism of OMM in patients with AN and whether manual therapy could worsen pathological behavior and thinking patterns seen in AN patients. Such studies could include, but are not limited to, examining biological factors such as cortisol levels in AN patients receiving OMM and collecting data about AN patients' thinking patterns and behavior during OMM treatment.
Asunto(s)
Anorexia Nerviosa , Osteopatía , Humanos , Osteopatía/métodos , Anorexia Nerviosa/terapia , Tacto/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Objetivos: Investigar os efeitos de diferentes frequ�ncias da estimula��o el�trica nervosa transcut�nea (TENS - transcutaneous electricalnerve stimulation), em rela��o � acomoda��o e agradabilidade nas diversas formas de aplica��o.M�todos: A amostra foi composta por 20 indiv�duos, divididos aleatoriamente em tr�s grupos, que foram submetidos � TENS, com tr�sfrequ�ncias diferentes: 7 Hz, 100 Hz e 255 Hz, com dura��o de pulso de 250 ?s, por 20 minutos, uma vez por semana no per�odo de tr�ssemanas. Os volunt�rios eram orientados a indicarem o momento da primeira acomoda��o e as acomoda��es subsequentes. No final do per�odode coleta de dados, os indiv�duos foram interrogados sobre a frequ�ncia que julgassem mais agrad�vel.Resultados: Para o limiar de acomoda��o, considerando todas as frequ�ncias analisadas, verificou-se que n�o houve diferen�a significativa(p>0,05), fato que tamb�m se repetiu para o n�mero de acomoda��es em 20 minutos (p>0,05). Com rela��o � agradabilidade, 11 indiv�duosindicaram a frequ�ncia de 7 Hz como a mais agrad�vel.Conclus�es: N�o houve diferen�a significativa no limiar de acomoda��o e no n�mero de acomoda��es entre as frequ�ncias utilizadas. Afrequ�ncia de 7 Hz foi apontada como a mais agrad�vel seguida da frequ�ncia de 100 Hz.
Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different frequencies of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)regarding to accommodation and pleasantness of the different forms of application.Methods: The sample consisted of 20 subjects randomly divided into 3 groups, in which they were submitted to 3 different frequencies ofTENS: 7 Hz, 100Hz, 255Hz, pulse duration of 250 ?s, for 20 minutes once a week over three weeks. The volunteers were instructed to indicatethe first and subsequent accommodation moments. At the end of the period of data collection, subjects were asked about which frequencythey thought most enjoyable.Results: For the threshold of adaptation, considering all frequencies analyzed, it was found that there was no significant difference (p>0.05),a fact that was also repeated for the number of adaptations in 20 minutes (p>0.05). With regard to pleasantness, 11 subjects indicated thefrequency of 7 Hz as the most enjoyable.Conclusions: There was no significant difference in threshold for adaptation and the number of adaptations between the frequencies used.The frequency of 7 Hz was identified as the most enjoyable then the frequency of 100 Hz.