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Objectives: Functional expectations following the salvage of a failed osteoarticular allograft are poorly described. In this study, we aim to evaluate functional outcomes, implant survival, and complications of the megaprosthesis in salvaging a failed osteoarticular allograft around the knee. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical profiles of 21 skeletally mature patients who underwent megaprosthesis reconstruction to salvage a failed osteoarticular allograft around the knee implanted before skeletal maturity. The location of reconstruction was the proximal tibia in 13 patients and the distal femur in eight patients. Knee function was evaluated by the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score and the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS). Results: The mean age of patients was 16±1.7 years. The mean interval between the primary (allograft) and secondary (megaprosthesis) reconstructions was 59.4±23.6 months. At an average follow-up of 51.2 months, the mean knee range of motion was 101.2±15.6°. The mean MSTS score and TESS were 83.6±7 and 86.6±7.9, respectively. The mean limb length discrepancy was 2.5±1 cm before and 0.36±0.74 cm after the operation (P<0.001). Six postoperative complications (28.6%) occurred in this series, including one wound dehiscence, one periprosthetic fracture, two acute infections, one aseptic loosening, and one delayed periprosthetic infection. Only the last two complications required revision. Accordingly, the two- and five-year implant survivals were 95.7% and 90%, respectively. Conclusion: Megaprosthesis is a viable option for salvaging failed osteoarticular allografts around the knee. It also provides the opportunity to correct the limb length discrepancy.
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Metastasis to the bone is a known risk of breast cancer, with the humerus being the most common upper extremity site of metastases, with most lesions located at the humeral diaphysis. We present a unique case of proximal humeral metastasis involving the epiphysis secondary to primary invasive ductal carcinoma in a middle-aged Caucasian female. It is important to have a high degree of suspicion for metastasis when musculoskeletal pain occurs in breast cancer patients, as it may be masked by common, degenerative conditions about the shoulder girdle. When humeral metastases involve the epiphysis, treatment options are complicated by its location, which jeopardizes the integrity of articular cartilage and the function of the shoulder girdle. External beam irradiation provides pain control in a non-invasive manner, sans surgical risks. Surgical intervention will vary depending on the characteristics of the bony lesion, but the use of endoprosthetics has emerged as the most effective option for restoring range of motion and pain control with acceptable rates of implant survival.
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BACKGROUND: There is no agreement on the best choice of proximal humeral reconstruction following tumor resection in pediatric patients. We reviewed the functional outcomes, oncologic outcomes, and surgical complications in pediatric patients after proximal humeral reconstruction with cemented osteoarticular allograft. METHODS: Eighteen patients aged 8-13 years who underwent proximal humeral osteoarticular allograft reconstruction following resection of primary bone sarcoma were included. The mean follow-up period was 88 ± 31.7 months. At the last follow-up assessment, limb function was evaluated based on shoulder range of motion, Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score, and Toronto Extremity Salvage Score. Tumor recurrence and postoperative complications were extracted from the patients' medical records. RESULTS: Mean active forward flexion of the shoulder was 38° ± 18°. Mean active abduction was 48° ± 18°. Mean active external rotation was 23° ± 9°. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score was 73.4% ± 11.2%. The mean Toronto Extremity Salvage Score was 75.6% ± 12.9%. Local recurrence occurred in 1 patient. Metastasis developed after the operation in 2 additional patients. We recorded 6 postoperative complications in this series, including 1 superficial infection, 1 late-onset deep infection, 1 allograft fracture, 2 cases of nonunion, and 2 cases of shoulder instability. Two complications required allograft removal. CONCLUSION: In pediatric patients, reconstruction of the proximal humerus with cemented osteoarticular allograft results in acceptable oncologic and functional outcomes while the postoperative complication rate seems to be lower than that of other available techniques.
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Neoplasias Óseas , Inestabilidad de la Articulación , Articulación del Hombro , Niño , Humanos , Aloinjertos , Neoplasias Óseas/patología , Húmero/patología , Inestabilidad de la Articulación/patología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Hombro , Resultado del Tratamiento , AdolescenteRESUMEN
AIMS: Osteoarticular reconstruction of the distal femur in childhood has the advantage of preserving the tibial physis. However, due to the small size of the distal femur, matching the host bone with an osteoarticular allograft is challenging. In this study, we compared the outcomes and complications of a resurfaced allograft-prosthesis composite (rAPC) with those of an osteoarticular allograft to reconstruct the distal femur in children. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 33 skeletally immature children with a malignant tumour of the distal femur, who underwent resection and reconstruction with a rAPC (n = 15) or osteoarticular allograft (n = 18), was conducted. The median age of the patients was ten years (interquartile range (IQR) 9 to 11) in the osteoarticular allograft group and nine years (IQR 8 to 10) in the rAPC group (p = 0.781). The median follow-up of the patients was seven years (IQR 4 to 8) in the osteoarticular allograft group and six years (IQR 3 to 7) in the rAPC group (p = 0.483). Limb function was evaluated using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score. RESULTS: At final follow-up, the knee was unstable in 9/18 patients (50%) in the osteoarticular allograft group and 2/15 patients (13%) in the rAPC group (p = 0.026). The median range of motion (ROM) of the knee was 117° (IQR 115° to 120°) in the osteoarticular allograft group and 100° (IQR 95° to 105°) in the rAPC group (p < 0.001). The median MSTS score was 25 (IQR 23 to 26) in the osteoarticular allograft group and 28 (IQR 26 to 29) in the rAPC group (p = 0.007). Osteoarthritic change was detected in 11/18 patients (61%) in the osteoarticular allograft group and in 4/15 (26%) patients in the rAPC group (p = 0.048). CONCLUSION: In our series, a resurfaced allograft-prosthesis composite provided better knee stability and function, with a lower rate of osteoarthritis; an osteoarticular allograft was associated with better knee ROM.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(10):1174-1179.
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Neoplasias Óseas , Trasplante Óseo , Aloinjertos , Neoplasias Óseas/patología , Niño , Fémur/patología , Humanos , Prótesis e Implantes , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
AIM: The biological reconstruction of the knee with osteoarticular allografts and resection arthrodesis have been reported but there has not yet been a direct comparison between both these procedures. This study aimed to identify the prognostic factors that influence failure of biological reconstruction and compared the results between both procedures. METHODS: Between 1994 and 2017, we performed 92 limb-sparing procedures using resection arthrodesis (n = 53) and osteoarticular allograft reconstruction (n = 39) for the management of primary bone tumors around the knee. The minimum follow-up time was 2 years in both groups. RESULTS: The failure rate of reconstruction in the osteoarticular allograft and resection arthrodesis group was 48.7% and 39.6%, respectively (p = 0.75). The mean MSTS score in the osteoarticular allograft and resection arthrodesis group was 23.7 and 21.8, respectively (p = 0.01). The significant risk factor for failure after biological reconstruction was the administration of chemotherapy (p = 0.001; HR = 3.39; 95% CI, 1.60-7.17). CONCLUSION: Patients who underwent osteoarticular allograft had a better functional outcome than those who underwent resection arthrodesis reconstruction, but clinical outcomes between the groups were comparable. Chemotherapy is a significant adverse prognostic factor for failure of biological reconstruction.
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Neoplasias Óseas , Trasplante Óseo , Aloinjertos/patología , Aloinjertos/trasplante , Artrodesis/efectos adversos , Neoplasias Óseas/patología , Trasplante Óseo/efectos adversos , Trasplante Óseo/métodos , Humanos , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The aims of this study are to evaluate the rate of wrist joint preservation, allograft retention, factors associated with reoperation and to report the patient reported outcomes after osteoarticular allograft reconstruction of the distal radius. METHODS: Retrospective chart review identified 33 patients who underwent distal radius resection followed by osteoarticular allograft reconstruction, including 27 giant cell tumors and 6 primary malignancies. Ten patients with a preserved wrist joint completed the QuickDASH, PROMIS-CA physical function, and Toronto extremity salvage score (TESS) at a median of 13 years postoperatively. RESULTS: The allograft retention rate was 89%, and an allograft fracture predisposed to conversion to wrist arthrodesis. The reoperation rate was 55% and 36% underwent wrist arthrodesis at a median of 4.2 years following index surgery. The use of locking plate fixation was associated with lower reoperation and allograft fracture rates. Patients reported a median QuickDASH of 10.2 (range: 0-52.3), a mean PROMIS physical function of 57.8 (range: 38.9-64.5) and the median TESS was 95.5 (range: 67.0-98.4). CONCLUSION: Osteoarticular allograft reconstruction results in acceptable long-term patient reported outcomes, despite a high revision rate. Allograft fixation with locking plates seems to reduce the number of reoperations and allograft fractures, along with reduction in wrist arthrodesis rates.
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Neoplasias Óseas/cirugía , Tumor Óseo de Células Gigantes/cirugía , Medición de Resultados Informados por el Paciente , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/métodos , Radio (Anatomía)/cirugía , Reoperación/métodos , Articulación de la Muñeca/cirugía , Adulto , Aloinjertos , Artroplastia , Neoplasias Óseas/patología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Tumor Óseo de Células Gigantes/patología , Humanos , Masculino , Radio (Anatomía)/trasplante , Estudios Retrospectivos , Articulación de la Muñeca/patología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: En bloc excision has been increasingly used for the management of giant cell tumors (GCTs) in the distal radius. An osteoarticular allograft has been used extensively for decades, and custom-made prosthesis reconstruction has been more recently applied. We aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of the two procedures. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 30 patients with Campanacci III or recurrent GCTs of the distal radius for follow-up at a mean of 33.2 months. In total, 15 underwent osteoarticular allograft reconstruction (allograft group) and 15 received cementless three-dimensional (3D)-printed prosthesis reconstruction (prosthesis group) between March 18, 2013, and May 20, 2018. All patients underwent by clinical and radiological examinations, including pre- and postoperative active range of motion (ROM) of the wrist, VAS score, grip strength, degenerative change of wrist, Mayo wrist score and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score. Complications were evaluated using the Henderson classification. RESULTS: Both groups showed significantly increased ROM, grip strength, Mayo score and MSTS score postoperatively. Furthermore, the extension, flexion, MSTS, and Mayo score were significantly higher in the prosthesis group. There was no significant difference in grip strength and VAS between the groups. In allograft group, one patient had a late infection one had resorption of allograft without allograft bone fracture. and four had wrist subluxation. All patients had degenerative changes (mean 9 months). In the prosthesis group, three patients developed wrist subluxation, three had separation of the distal radioulnar joint, and none of the patients developed wrist degeneration. CONCLUSIONS: Our study compared the objective functional outcomes and complications of two reconstructive methods for Campanacci III or recurrent GCT in the distal radius. 3D-printed prosthesis replacement can partially preserve wrist function better than allograft reconstruction in the short-term. During the design of 3D-printed prosthesis, preoperative morphological assessment of the affected proximal row carpal is helpful to control postoperative dislocation. After allograft reconstruction, wrist degeneration, which has been demonstrated in all patients, severely influence their wrist function. Therefore, compared to allograft reconstruction, 3D-printed prosthesis reconstruction has irreplaceable advantages at early-stage application, especially in wrist function, however, further studied with a larger number of cases and longer follow-up.
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Miembros Artificiales/efectos adversos , Neoplasias Óseas/cirugía , Trasplante Óseo/métodos , Tumor Óseo de Células Gigantes/cirugía , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/cirugía , Implantación de Prótesis/métodos , Radio (Anatomía)/patología , Adulto , Aloinjertos/trasplante , Biopsia , Neoplasias Óseas/patología , Neoplasias Óseas/fisiopatología , Trasplante Óseo/efectos adversos , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Tumor Óseo de Células Gigantes/patología , Tumor Óseo de Células Gigantes/fisiopatología , Humanos , Imagenología Tridimensional , Luxaciones Articulares/epidemiología , Luxaciones Articulares/etiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/fisiopatología , Impresión Tridimensional , Falla de Prótesis/etiología , Implantación de Prótesis/efectos adversos , Implantación de Prótesis/instrumentación , Radio (Anatomía)/diagnóstico por imagen , Radio (Anatomía)/cirugía , Rango del Movimiento Articular , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Trasplante Homólogo/efectos adversos , Trasplante Homólogo/métodos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Articulación de la Muñeca/fisiopatología , Articulación de la Muñeca/cirugía , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: There is no consensus regarding the best method of reconstruction in pediatric population following the wide resection of malignant bone tumors. More exploration of the complications of osteoarticular reconstruction leads to less existing controversy of this type of reconstruction, which is the main point of this article. METHODS: Long-term outcomes and complications of osteoarticular allograft reconstruction of primary distal femoral bone sarcomas in 22 children with mean age of 10.7 years old were reviewed in this study. Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scoring system was used for functional evaluation of the allografts. RESULTS: With an average follow-up time of 81 months, the outcomes of 16 patients with allografts at the final follow up were evaluated. As expected, Limb length discrepancy (LLD) was observed in all patients (mean LLD= 2.73cm), which was significantly correlated to allograft survival time (P<0.001). Degenerative joint disease (DJD) was also seen in all patients and its grade was also significantly correlated to allograft survival time (P<0.001). The mean MSTS-score was 74% at the latest follow-up, ranging from 60% to 90%. Five and 10 year survival rate of allografts were found to be 93.3% and 62.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Osteoarticular allograft reconstruction could result in several complications including DJD. Despite its considerable biologic advantage over endoprosthesis, osteoarticular allograft reconstruction is a long-lasting but still a temporary solution before performing megaprosthesis. This allows patients to preserve their remaining physis for limb growth and become old enough for an adult megaprosthesis.
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Successful results of osteoarticular allografts in reconstruction of periarticular bone defect after tumor resection encouraged its utilization in post-traumatic defects. Here we describe a case of post-traumatic skeletal defect in a 4 year-old girl treated with osteoarticular allograft reconstruction. Due to severity of the associated soft tissue injury and contamination at presentation staged treatment with antibiotic spacer followed by the reconstruction was carried out. At the end of one year the patient achieved 'Musculoskeletal tumor society' functional score of 27 points and radiographic score of 93%. Reconstruction immediately after healing of soft tissues prevented development of any varus or valgus deformity of the knee. Our case demonstrates utility of osteoarticular allograft in a pediatric post-traumatic skeletal defect.
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Trasplante Óseo/métodos , Cartílago/trasplante , Lesiones por Desenguantamiento/terapia , Fijación Interna de Fracturas , Fracturas Conminutas/terapia , Fracturas Abiertas/terapia , Deformidades Adquiridas de la Articulación/prevención & control , Traumatismos de la Pierna/terapia , Recuperación del Miembro , Aloinjertos , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Preescolar , Desbridamiento/métodos , Lesiones por Desenguantamiento/diagnóstico por imagen , Lesiones por Desenguantamiento/fisiopatología , Femenino , Fracturas Conminutas/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas Conminutas/fisiopatología , Fracturas Abiertas/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas Abiertas/fisiopatología , Gentamicinas/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Articulación de la Rodilla , Traumatismos de la Pierna/diagnóstico por imagen , Traumatismos de la Pierna/fisiopatología , Recuperación del Miembro/métodos , Férulas (Fijadores) , Irrigación Terapéutica/métodos , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Vancomicina/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Reconstruction of the proximal tibia after wide resection of malignant tumors in the pediatric population is very challenging. Advocates of allograft reconstruction argue as advantages bone preservation, biological reconstruction that facilitates reattachment of the extensor mechanism and other soft-tissue structures, delay of metallic prosthesis use and preservation of the distal femoral growth plate. However, complications are significant, infection being very common. METHODS: Under IRB-approved protocol, 32 patients (17 males, 15 females), 13 years old in average (2-20), who underwent 33 allograft reconstructions of the proximal tibia, were evaluated for the occurrence of soft-tissue complications and/or deep infection (infection affecting the allograft). Potential predictors of soft-tissue complications and deep infection, categorized as pre- and perioperative variables, were analyzed in relation to the risk for developing a soft-tissue complication or a deep infection. RESULTS: The prevalence of soft-tissue complications was 48% (16/33). However, we were not able to identify any significant predictors. The prevalence of deep (allograft) infection was 15% (5/33). Multivariate logistic regression determined higher BMI at the index surgical procedure and lower pre-operative WBC to be independent predictors of deep infection. For each unit of increase in BMI, the odds of deep infection increased by 40% (OR = 1.40; CI = 1.07-3.06; P < 0.05). For each one unit (1,000) of increase in the pre-operative white cell-count, the odds of deep infection decreased by 70% (OR = 0.30; 95%CI = 0.01-0.89; P < 0.05). Four of the five deep infections were in patients with soft-tissue complications, mainly wound dehiscence. However, wound dehiscence or soft-tissue complications were not predictive of deep infection. CONCLUSION: Soft-tissue complications are prevalent in allograft reconstruction of the proximal tibia. Prevention is important as these may progress to deep infection. Careful attention to nutritional (BMI) and immunological status may help in patient selection for allograft reconstruction. If allograft reconstruction is opted for, efforts should focus on optimization of these factors as they proved to be independent predictors of subsequent deep infection. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:811-817. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Neoplasias Óseas/cirugía , Trasplante Óseo/métodos , Recuperación del Miembro/métodos , Osteosarcoma/cirugía , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Tibia/trasplante , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Análisis Multivariante , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/diagnóstico , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Colgajos Quirúrgicos , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/diagnóstico , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/epidemiología , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/etiología , Tibia/cirugía , Trasplante Homólogo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare the midterm functional and oncological outcomes of patients with distal radial tumours treated with en bloc tumour excision and osteoarticular allograft reconstruction with or without a Sauvé-Kapandji (S-K) procedure. MATERIALS AND METHOD: All cases of osteoarticular allograft reconstruction with or without the S-K procedure following resection of distal radial tumours (giant-cell tumour in 13, desmoplastic fibroma in two, osteosarcoma in one and malignant fibrous histiocytoma in one) performed from 2000 to 2009 were evaluated by clinical and radiologic examinations; the complications, functional outcomes and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score were recorded. RESULTS: Seventeen patients (seven with the S-K procedure and 10 without the S-K procedure) with an average age of 31.8 years formed the study population. The follow-up time averaged 84.7 months. All patients continued to be disease-free except one with a local relapse. The reconstructive complications included non-union of radio allograft in one, allograft fracture in five, rupture of tendon in two and degenerative joint disease in all cases. Patients with the S-K procedure had better range of rotation (P = 0.040), greater grip power (P = 0.028) and less degenerative changes (P = 0.014) than those without the S-K procedure. Patients with additional S-K procedure tended to have a higher MSTS score (P = 0.073). CONCLUSIONS: En bloc resection of tumour in the distal radius followed by reconstruction with an osteoarticular allograft results in satisfactory oncologic and functional outcomes. Addition of the S-K procedure could improve functional outcomes with regard to allograft reconstruction. Evidence Rating Scale for Therapeutic Studies: Level III.