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BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the radiopacity of calcium silicate cements using a digital imaging method. METHODS: Four calcium silicate cements, NeoMTA 2, OrthoMTA, ProRoot MTA, and Biodentine, were used in this study. Disk-shaped samples were prepared from each material and placed on a plexiglass plate. An aluminum step-wedge was placed alongside the samples on a digital sensor and exposed to 70 kVp and 8 mA from 30 cm away for 0.32 s. The greyness values ââof the tested materials were measured digitally with the system software and compared with those of the step-wedge to determine the equivalent aluminum thickness. RESULTS: The radiopacity values, expressed in equivalent millimetres of aluminum, of the studied materials ProRoot MTA, OrthoMTA, NeoMTA 2, and Biodentine were 4.32 ± 0.17 mm Al, 3.92 ± 0.09 mm Al, 3.83 ± 0.07 mm Al, and 2.29 ± 0.21 mm Al, respectively. Statistically significant differences were found between the mean radiographic density values of the tested materials (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: ProRoot MTA was the most radiopaque root canal filling material among the tested materials. All materials, except Biodentine, were found to be compliant with the minimum radiopacity requirements of ISO 6876 and ADA 57 standards.
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Aluminio , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular , Humanos , Ensayo de Materiales , Compuestos de Calcio , Óxidos , Silicatos , Compuestos de Aluminio , Combinación de MedicamentosRESUMEN
The objectives of this study were to compare the effects of various acid solutions combined with ultrasonics as an aid to remove mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-based root canal filling and to assess their effect on the surface topography and microhardness of root canal dentin. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Fifty human permanent single rooted and single canaled freshly extracted teeth were decoronated and sectioned apically to prepare the middle third of root sections of 5 mm length. The canals were prepared in a step-back manner. OrthoMTA was packed throughout the prepared canals. These root sections were incubated for one week and subsequently randomly allocated to five groups (n = 10) according to the OrthoMTA removal method: No treatment (NT); 5% glycolic acid + ultrasonics (5% GA+U); 10% glycolic acid + ultrasonics (10% GA+U); 10% citric acid + ultrasonics (10% CA+U); Distilled water + ultrasonics (DW+U). A 1 mm deep well was created within the coronal end of the set OrthoMTA. Wells were filled with each respective test solution and left for 5 min. Thereafter, further removal of OrthoMTA used a specific ultrasonic tip. Finally, the canals were flushed using 1 mL of the respective test solutions and activated with a Controlled Memory ultrasonic tip for two cycles of 20 s each followed by flushing with 1 mL of distilled water and paper point drying of the canals. Then, specimens were longitudinally split into two halves and examined under a scanning electron microscope (1000×) to assess the residual OrthoMTA and surface topography of root canal dentin. The Vickers surface microhardness of treated radicular dentin was measured using the HMV-2 microhardness tester. RESULT: Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Significant differences for residual OrthoMTA were observed between (10% GA+U) with (5% GA+U), (10% CA+U), (DW+U) and (NT) (p value < 0.01). In the context of microhardness, (5% GA+U) and (10% GA+U) showed statistically significant difference compared to (NT), (10% CA+U) and (DW+U) (p value < 0.01). CONCLUSION: 10% GA+U was superior to other tested groups in removing OrthoMTA, but it substantially reduced dentin microhardness.
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the crown discoloration induced by bioceramic root canal filling materials (OrthoMTA and iRoot SP) compared to AH Plus. Material and Methods: Sixty intact mandibular single rooted premolars were sectioned 2 mm below the cemento-enamel junction, prepared, and randomly assigned into four groups according to the root filling materials: OrthoMTA, iRoot SP, AH Plus and unfilled. Results: Before placement of the materials in the pulp chamber and the coronal third of the root, the spectral reflectance lines of the crowns were recorded by a digital spectrophotometer at baseline, and after filling at 1 week and 1, 3 and 6 months and ∆Ε values were calculated. All materials used induced clinically perceptible crown discoloration (∆Ε>3.7) and no significant difference was detected between these materials (p>0.05). Regardless of the material, discoloration progressed significantly within the three months (p<0.05) however, at 6 months, the discoloration reduced for AH Plus and no further increase for bioceramic materials was detected. Conclusion: Bioceramic root filling materials tested induced clinically perceptible crown discoloration and their application in the esthetic zone should be performed with caution.
Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la decoloración de la corona inducida por materiales biocerámicos de obturación del conducto radicular (OrthoMTA e iRoot SP) en comparación con AH Plus. Material y Métodos: Se seccionaron sesenta premolares mandibulares de raíz única intactos, 2 mm por debajo de la unión cemento-esmalte, se prepararon y se asignaron al azar en cuatro grupos de acuerdo con los materiales de obturación radicular: OrthoMTA, iRoot SP, AH Plus y sin relleno. Resultados:Antes de la colocación de los materiales en la cámara pulpar y el tercio coronal de la raíz, las líneas de reflectancia espectral de las coronas se registraron con un espectrofotómetro digital al inicio del estudio, y a la semana 1, así como a 1, 3 y 6 meses, y los valores ?? fueron calculados. Todos los materiales utilizados indujeron una decoloración de la corona clínicamente perceptible (??> 3,7) y no se detectaron diferencias significativas entre estos materiales (p> 0,05). Independientemente del material, la decoloración progresó significativamente dentro de los tres meses (p<0.05); sin embargo, a los 6 meses, la decoloración se redujo para AH Plus y no se detectó ningún aumento adicional para los materiales biocerámicos. Conclusiones: Los materiales biocerámicos de obturación radicular probados indujeron una decoloración de la corona clínicamente perceptible y su aplicación en la zona estética debe realizarse con precaución.
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Humanos , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/efectos adversos , Decoloración de Dientes/inducido químicamente , Espectrofotometría , Coronas , Esmalte Dental , Cavidad Pulpar , Estética DentalRESUMEN
This study aimed to quantify and compare the obturation quality after mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) orthograde fillings with three different obturation techniques. Thirty-three extracted human maxillary molars were collected. Distobuccal and palatal canals were prepared to an apical size of #40/06 with a Profile Ni-Ti system. All 66 canals were divided into two groups according to the material (EZ-seal or OrthoMTA) and then obturated using three different techniques: manual compaction using S-kondenser (group H), compactor activation (group C), or reverse rotary motion of Ni-Ti file (group R). The obturated roots were scanned using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The percentage of voids located in the apical 5 mm was measured separately, that is, closed, open, and total porosity. There was no relation between the filling material and obturation technique (p > 0.05). The percentage volume of open and total porosity was higher in EZ-seal than in OrthoMTA (open: p = 0.002, total: p = 0.001). Group H showed higher open and total porosity than groups C and R. Micro-CT analysis showed that the void volume after orthograde MTA fillings significantly decreased when the additional activation was accompanied by hand condensation. Obturation with a Ni-Ti file using reverse motion could be recommended as an MTA orthograde filling technique.
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Aim: OrthoMTA and RetroMTA are newly developed mineral trioxide aggregates that were developed to achieve maximum benefits and clinical performance. This systematic review aimed at assessing and describing the constituents, properties and uses of OrthoMTA and RetroMTA. Methodology: Literature search was performed using the keywords, "OrthoMTA", "RetroMTA", "BioMTA", "constituents" and "properties" in the databases, PubMed, Cochrane, Semantic scholar and Europe PubMed Central. Original articles in English describing the properties, constituents, uses/indications, history and recent advances on OrthoMTA and RetroMTA were considered for the study. Results: A total of 35 articles were selected for the systematic review based on keywords selected. Among the 35 articles, 5 articles described the composition and properties of OrthoMTA and RetroMTA, 7 articles depicted the usage of OrthoMTA and RetroMTA and the remaining articles discussed on the various properties of both OrthoMTA and RetroMTA. Conclusion: The present review confirmed that RetroMTA exhibits an excellent property, namely, short setting time, less tooth discoloration, high compressive strength, higher shear bond strength with time, higher push-out bond strength, low solubility, low cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, antibacterial property, and can be used in reparative processes in case of blood contamination. However, even OrthoMTA showed less microleakage, is biocompatible and possesses antibacterial properties.
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Compuestos de Aluminio , Compuestos de Calcio , Compuestos de Aluminio/química , Antibacterianos , Compuestos de Calcio/química , Combinación de Medicamentos , Óxidos , Silicatos/químicaRESUMEN
The aim of this article was to investigate the unknown radiopacity performances of OrthoMTA and RetroMTA via means of a contemporary image analyzing methods and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Three commercial hydraulic calcium silicate-based cements and a calcium hydroxide-based paste were used. Pure-grade zirconium oxide, bismuth oxide, zinc oxide, barium sulfate, and calcium hydroxide were as references. An energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy instrument was used for the elemental analysis. Radiographic image data was obtained according to the International Organization for Standardization 6876-2012 specifications. The region of interest was determined for each specimen. Mean (±SD) grey values of the X-ray image data was measured with an image analyzing software. The calibration curve was created by curve-plotting software and the mean grey-values were matched versus Al values (mm Al). Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test. Spectroscopic characterization of the commercial materials was shown with assigned Carbon, oxygen, aluminum, silicon, calcium, zinc, zirconium, barium, tungsten, bismuth, and sulfur elements. The major radiopacifier/s of OrthoMTA is Bi, of RetroMTA is Zr, of BioDentine are Ba and Zr, and of ProCal is Ba. The radiopacity values of all commercial materials are significantly different (p < .05). The rank of the radiopacity values: RetroMTA (3.36 ± 0.29mmAl) > OrthoMTA (2.56 ± 0.19mmAl) > BioDentine (2.02 ± 0.12mmAl) > ProCal (1.46 ± 0.60mmAl). The study reported that the radiopacity values and spectral characterization of RetroMTA and OrthoMTA cements. The pixel-based and reproducible method could be used universally to the quantification of the radiodensity of digitally collected X-ray data.
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The aim was to investigate the cyclic fatigue life of two novel rotary compactors produced for MTA compaction and produced for gutta-percha compaction. Two-type of nickel-titanium rotary compactors were used (n = 20). A static model was preferred for this study due to simulating the clinical application of compaction and to obtain a baseline repository data of this type of instruments. OrthoMTA Compacter (25/0.02) and Revo Condensor (30/0.04) instruments were operated speed of 250 and 4,800 rpm, respectively at 35°C until fracture occurred. The time to fracture was recorded, and the length of the fractured fragments was registered. The independent t-test was performed (p < .05). The fractured instruments were evaluated with a high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscope to allow visualization of the surfaces under several magnifications (×100 and ×10,000). OrthoMTA Compacter (3679.27 NCF), was extremely different in the mean number of cycles to failure when compared with Revo Condensor (1269.48 NCF) (p < .0001). The mean length of the fractured tip of OrthoMTA Compacter and Revo Condensor were 4.87 mm and 4.51, respectively (p < .0001). The surfaces of the instruments shown typical features of cyclic fatigue failure, involving crack origins, fatigue regions, and an overload region. This is the first study in the literature to date evaluating the cyclic fatigue life of Revo Condensor and OrthoMTA Compacter. OrthoMTA Compacter presented higher cyclic fatigue life compared with Revo Condensor.
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Objective: Endodontically obturated teeth have lower fracture resistance depending on the obturating material and technique. The purpose of this study was therefore to evaluate the influence of ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Sirona, Tulsa Division) and OrthoMTA III (BioMTA, Daejeon, Korea) as an obturating material on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. Material and Methods: Thirty extracted human maxillary central incisors were decoronated and instrumented using Protaper instruments (size F5). Irrigation was performed with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite between each instrument change followed by 7% maleic acid for one minute. Finally, canals were flushed with 5 ml of PBS solution for one minute. Samples were then divided into three groups. Group I- positive control (no root canal filling); Group II- obturation with ProRoot MTA; Group III- obturation with OrthoMTA III. Ten teeth were randomly selected as a negative control in which no treatment was performed. All the specimens were then subjected to fracture strength testing using universal testing machine. For evaluation of biomineralization, six maxillary central incisors were divided into two groups. Group I obturated with ProRoot MTA and group II obturated with OrthoMTA III. These samples were subjected to SEM analysis. Results: Positive control group demonstrated the least fracture resistance, while OrthoMTA III group showed the highest fracture resistance. There was no significant difference between negative control group and ProRoot MTA groups (p=0.821). OrthoMTA III group showed better tubular biomineralization when compared to ProRoot MTA. Conclusions: Root canals obturated with OrthoMTA III had better fracture resistance and increased tubular biomineralization compared to ProRoot MTA. Since root canals obturated with OrthoMTA III had better fracture resistance, it can be used as a promising obturating material.(AU)
Objetivo: Dentes obturados endodonticamente apresentam menor resistência à fratura, dependendo do material e da técnica de obturação. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência do ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Sirona, Tulsa Division) e OrthoMTA III (BioMTA, Daejeon, Coréia) como material obturador na resistência à fratura de dentes tratados endodonticamente. Material e Métodos: Trinta incisivos centrais superiores humanos extraídos foram decoronados e instrumentados com instrumentos Protaper (tamanho F5). A irrigação foi realizada com hipoclorito de sódio a 2,5% entre cada troca de instrumento, seguida por ácido maleico a 7% por um minuto. Finalmente, os canais foram lavados com 5 ml de solução de PBS por um minuto. As amostras foram então divididas em três grupos. Grupo I - controle positivo(sem preenchimento do canal radicular); Grupo II - obturação com ProRoot MTA; Grupo III -obturação com OrthoMTA III. Dez dentes foram selecionados aleatoriamente como controle negativo, no qual nenhum tratamento foi realizado. Todas as amostras foram então submetidas atestes de resistência à fratura usando uma máquina de teste universal. Para avaliação da biomineralização, seis incisivos centrais superiores foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo Iobturado com ProRoot MTA e grupo II obturado com OrthoMTA III. Essas amostras foram submetidas à análise SEM. Resultados: O grupo controle positivo demonstrou a menor resistência à fratura, enquanto o grupo OrthoMTA III apresentou a maior resistência à fratura. Não houve diferença significativa entre o grupo controle negativo e os grupos ProRoot MTA (p= 0,821). O grupo OrthoMTA III apresentou melhor biomineralização tubular quando comparado ao ProRoot MTA. Conclusões: Os canais radiculares obturados com OrthoMTA III apresentaram melhor resistência à fratura e maior biomineralização tubular em comparação como ProRoot MTA. Como os canais radiculares obturados com OrthoMTA III apresentaram melhor resistência à fratura, podendo ser utilizado como um material obturador promissor.(AU)
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Humanos , Cavidad Pulpar , Resistencia Flexional , BiomineralizaciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: An ideal dental repair material should possess certain important properties such as adequate adhesive ability, insolubility, dimensional stability, biocompatibility, and bioactivity. Newer materials claiming better performance are continuously being introduced in the market to optimize the care of dental patients. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of three different universal adhesives to OrthoMTA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-four specimens of OrthoMTA measuring 4 mm internal diameter and 2 mm height were prepared and divided into two main groups. After 12 min, 32 samples were randomly selected and divided into four subgroups of eight samples each. Subgroup-I: Single Bond Universal, Subgroup-II: Prime-and-Bond NT, Subgroup-III: Palfique Universal bond, Subgroup-IV: Control. After the application of adhesives, the composite resin was applied using a cylindrical plastic matrix of 2 mm internal diameter and 2 mm height over OrthoMTA. This procedure was repeated 24 h after mixing an additional 32 samples, respectively. Shear bond strengths were measured using Universal testing machine and fractured specimen were examined under stereomicroscope. Data were statistically analyzed using a two-way ANOVA test and Tukey's multiple post hoc test. RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed that subgroup-III exhibited higher bond strength at both 12 min and 24 h time intervals. It was also observed that most of the failures occurred cohesively within OrthoMTA. CONCLUSION: Shear bond strength was higher at 24 h than compared to 12 min. Subgroup-III exhibited higher bond strength than other subgroups.
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OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial activities of OrthoMTA, RetroMTA, and ProRoot MTA against Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), and Prevotella intermedia (Pi). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Each material was mixed on a glass slab using a spatula and was placed in columns containing the filter membrane of the modified membrane-enclosed immersion test (MEIT) system. The materials were sterilized after setting. The columns containing the sterilized test materials were placed in microcentrifuge tubes containing 500 µl of bacterial suspension. The systems were then incubated at 37°C under anaerobic conditions. After 72 hours, the bacterial growth and concentration (colony-forming unit (CFU)/ml) were assessed. The results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post-hoc test in SPSS 22 software. In all analyses, the differences were considered significant at P<0.05. RESULTS: OrthoMTA had the highest antibacterial activity against Pi. The mean number of CFU/ml of Fn in the presence of ProRoot MTA and RetroMTA was significantly lower than that in positive controls. There were significant differences between the antibacterial activities of ProRoot MTA and OrthoMTA against Pg compared to positive controls. CONCLUSIONS: ProRoot MTA, OrthoMTA, and RetroMTA had similar antibacterial activities against the three evaluated anaerobic endodontic bacteria, except RetroMTA against Pg.
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OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of three acids on the microhardness of set mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and root dentin, and cytotoxicity on murine macrophage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: OrthoMTA (BioMTA) was mixed and packed into the human root dentin blocks of 1.5 mm diameter and 5 mm height. Four groups, each of ten roots, were exposed to 10% citric acid (CA), 5% glycolic acid (GA), 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and saline for five minutes after setting of the OrthoMTA. Vickers surface microhardness of set MTA and dentin was measured before and after exposure to solutions, and compared between groups using one-way ANOVA with Tukey test. The microhardness value of each group was analyzed using student t test. Acid-treated OrthoMTA and dentin was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Cell viability of tested solutions was assessed using WST-8 assay and murine macrophage. RESULTS: Three test solutions reduced microhardness of dentin. 17% EDTA demonstrated severe dentinal erosion, significantly reduced the dentinal microhardness compared to 10% CA (p = 0.034) or 5% GA (p = 0.006). 10% CA or 5% GA significantly reduced the surface microhardness of set MTA compared to 17% EDTA and saline (p < 0.001). Acid-treated OrthoMTA demonstrated microporous structure with destruction of globular crystal. EDTA exhibited significantly more cellular toxicity than the other acidic solutions at diluted concentrations (0.2, 0.5, 1.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Tested acidic solutions reduced microhardness of root dentin. Five minute's application of 10% CA and 5% GA significantly reduced the microhardness of set OrthoMTA with lower cellular cytotoxicity compared to 17% EDTA.
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OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of three acids on the microhardness of set mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and root dentin, and cytotoxicity on murine macrophage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: OrthoMTA (BioMTA) was mixed and packed into the human root dentin blocks of 1.5 mm diameter and 5 mm height. Four groups, each of ten roots, were exposed to 10% citric acid (CA), 5% glycolic acid (GA), 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and saline for five minutes after setting of the OrthoMTA. Vickers surface microhardness of set MTA and dentin was measured before and after exposure to solutions, and compared between groups using one-way ANOVA with Tukey test. The microhardness value of each group was analyzed using student t test. Acid-treated OrthoMTA and dentin was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Cell viability of tested solutions was assessed using WST-8 assay and murine macrophage. RESULTS: Three test solutions reduced microhardness of dentin. 17% EDTA demonstrated severe dentinal erosion, significantly reduced the dentinal microhardness compared to 10% CA (p = 0.034) or 5% GA (p = 0.006). 10% CA or 5% GA significantly reduced the surface microhardness of set MTA compared to 17% EDTA and saline (p < 0.001). Acid-treated OrthoMTA demonstrated microporous structure with destruction of globular crystal. EDTA exhibited significantly more cellular toxicity than the other acidic solutions at diluted concentrations (0.2, 0.5, 1.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Tested acidic solutions reduced microhardness of root dentin. Five minute's application of 10% CA and 5% GA significantly reduced the microhardness of set OrthoMTA with lower cellular cytotoxicity compared to 17% EDTA.
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Humanos , Supervivencia Celular , Ácido Cítrico , Dentina , Ácido Edético , Macrófagos , PemetrexedRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of three acids on the microhardness of set mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and root dentin, and cytotoxicity on murine macrophage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: OrthoMTA (BioMTA) was mixed and packed into the human root dentin blocks of 1.5 mm diameter and 5 mm height. Four groups, each of ten roots, were exposed to 10% citric acid (CA), 5% glycolic acid (GA), 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and saline for five minutes after setting of the OrthoMTA. Vickers surface microhardness of set MTA and dentin was measured before and after exposure to solutions, and compared between groups using one-way ANOVA with Tukey test. The microhardness value of each group was analyzed using student t test. Acid-treated OrthoMTA and dentin was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Cell viability of tested solutions was assessed using WST-8 assay and murine macrophage. RESULTS: Three test solutions reduced microhardness of dentin. 17% EDTA demonstrated severe dentinal erosion, significantly reduced the dentinal microhardness compared to 10% CA (p = 0.034) or 5% GA (p = 0.006). 10% CA or 5% GA significantly reduced the surface microhardness of set MTA compared to 17% EDTA and saline (p < 0.001). Acid-treated OrthoMTA demonstrated microporous structure with destruction of globular crystal. EDTA exhibited significantly more cellular toxicity than the other acidic solutions at diluted concentrations (0.2, 0.5, 1.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Tested acidic solutions reduced microhardness of root dentin. Five minute's application of 10% CA and 5% GA significantly reduced the microhardness of set OrthoMTA with lower cellular cytotoxicity compared to 17% EDTA.
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Humanos , Supervivencia Celular , Ácido Cítrico , Dentina , Ácido Edético , Macrófagos , PemetrexedRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to analyze the sealing ability of different root canal filling materials over a 6-week period using a glucose penetration model. Forty-six recently extracted human premolars were used in this study. The root canals were enlarged to 40/0.06. Prepared canals were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 10) as follows: Group 1, Gutta-Percha (GP)/AH Plus with cold lateral compaction; Group 2, GP/AH Plus with continuous wave compaction; Group 3, RealSeal SE obturation system; and Group 4, OrthoMTA. The remaining specimens were used as positive and negative controls, and all specimens underwent thermocycling (10,000; 5-55 °C). The sealing ability of all samples was evaluated at 24 h, 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks using a quantitative glucose leakage model, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were taken. A mixed effect analysis using R statistical language was performed. Groups 1, 2, and 4 showed low leakage levels during experimental periods. Group 3 showed low leakage levels for the first 2 weeks; however, the leakage level was significantly increased after 2 weeks compared to negative control group (p < 0.05). In the SEM results, Group 3 showed imperfect dentin bonding, whereas Group 4 showed calcium silicate hydrate short tags, which are formed at the access of the dentin tubules. GP/AH Plus and OrthoMTA showed less microleakage than RealSeal SE obturation system when used as root canal filling materials. Traditional GP/AH Plus sealer and the newly developed OrthoMTA are more appropriate for ideal sealing of the root canals.
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INTRODUCTION: OrthoMTA (BioMTA, Seoul, Korea) and Endocem MTA (Maruchi, Wonju-si, Korea) were recently developed to overcome the disadvantages of ProRoot MTA (Dentsply, Tulsa, OK). This study aimed to compare the biological properties of OrthoMTA and Endocem MTA with those of ProRoot MTA using the preosteoblastlike cell line MC3T3-E1. METHODS: The setting times of calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs) and their effects on the pH of distilled water during storage were determined according to ISO standards. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured with ProRoot MTA, OrthoMTA, and Endocem MTA. The viability of the cells was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay (Dojindo Laboratory, Kumamoto, Japan) on the supernatants of CSCs, and the cells' osteopontin production was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on a culture with the materials on days 3 and 7 of incubation. RESULTS: Endocem MTA exhibited a significantly shorter setting time (15.3 ± 0.5 minutes) than did ProRoot MTA and OrthoMTA (318.0 ± 56.0 and 324.3 ± 2.1 minutes, P < .05). Additionally, all CSCs caused their storage water to become highly alkaline after 7 days. OrthoMTA was significantly more cytotoxic than ProRoot and Endocem MTA (P < .05). ProRoot MTA induced significantly more OPN production than OrthoMTA and Endocem MTA on both days 3 and 7 (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: ProRoot MTA appeared to be superior to OrthoMTA and Endocem MTA in terms of biological properties although Endocem MTA exhibited the shortest setting time and presented lower cytotoxicity with osteoblastlike cells.