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RESUMEN Introducción: en las prácticas docentes de Enfermería de la educación en el trabajo, que se realizan en centros hospitalarios, los estudiantes y enfermeros están expuestos al contagio por covid-19. De ahí que se haga necesaria la preparación de este personal para ejercer su labor de un modo exitoso en medio de un escenario complejo. Objetivo: evaluar el enfrentamiento a la covid-19 por parte de educandos y personal de enfermería en las prácticas de la educación en el trabajo. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una investigación de intervención y desarrollo en el Servicio de Neurocirugía del Hospital Universitario Clínico Quirúrgico Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández, de Matanzas, entre septiembre y octubre de 2020, período de rebrote de la covid. Para ello se trabajó con el universo constituido por 12 pacientes, 12 cuidadores y 6 educandos de 5to año de la carrera de Licenciatura en Enfermería. El estudio se dividió en tres etapas: diagnóstica, entrenamiento y evaluación. Se utilizó la entrevista. Resultados: predominó en los pacientes el grupo etario de 40 a 49 años, con 41,66 % del género masculino. En los cuidadores predominó el femenino, y la edad de 50 a 59 años. El entrenamiento resultó efectivo en un 58,33 %. Conclusiones: la prevención y el autocuidado fueron respuestas estratégicas positivas como formas de actuación en los educandos y el resto del personal que participó en la investigación. La labor asistencial educativa minimizó el riesgo epidemiológico en los pacientes y cuidadores, y logró un incremento en la percepción de riesgo de contraer la enfermedad (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: students and nurses are exposed to contagion by COVID-19 during the Nursing teaching practices of on-the-job training carried out in hospitals. Therefore, it is necessary train these staff to carry out their work successfully in the middle of a difficult scenario. Objective: to evaluate COVID-19 facing by students and nursing staff in the practices of on-the-job training. Materials and methods: an intervention and development research was conducted in the Neurosurgery Service of the University Hospital Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández, of Matanzas, between September and October 2020, period of COVID-19 resurgence. For that we worked with a universe of 12 patients, 12 caregivers and 6 5th-year students of Nursing degree. The study was divided into three stages: diagnosis, training and evaluation. The interview was used. Results: the 40-49 age group predominated among patients, with 41.66 % of the male gender. Among caregivers, female gender predominated and 50-59 age group. The training was effective at 58.33 %. Conclusions: prevention and self-care were positive strategic answers as forms of action in students and the rest of the staff involved in the research. The educational aid work minimized the epidemiological risk in patients and caregivers, and achieved an increase in risk perception of contracting the disease (AU).

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Introducción: La formación del estudiante de Medicina se basa en los principios de la vinculación del estudio con el trabajo. La educación en el trabajo, como forma organizativa del proceso docente, lleva el protagonismo para cumplir con esta misión, por lo que los escenarios de la Atención Primaria de Salud deben ganar cada vez mayor espacio en la formación de estos profesionales. Objetivo: Valorar la satisfacción de estudiantes y profesores de la carrera de Medicina con la educación en el trabajo desde los escenarios de la Atención Primaria de Salud. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte longitudinal durante el curso 2016-2017 en Santo Domingo, provincia Villa Clara. La muestra estuvo constituida por 26 estudiantes de Medicina de tercer año del Policlínico Universitario "Manuel Piti Fajardo", 24 alumnos de sexto año que hicieron su rotación de Medicina General Integral en este municipio, y 20 profesores que participaron activamente en la formación de estos educandos. La información se obtuvo mediante revisión documental y encuestas realizadas a estudiantes y profesores. Resultados: Predominó el buen desempeño de los estudiantes, al adquirir sus habilidades en los dos años de la carrera, así como la promoción en la convocatoria ordinaria. Los profesores, en su mayoría, eran asistentes y estaban preparados metodológicamente para desarrollar la educación el trabajo. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los educandos y profesores del estudio se consideraron satisfechos con desarrollar la educación en el trabajo desde estos escenarios(AU)

Introduction: Medical education is based on the principles of on-the-job training. As a form of organization of the teaching process, on-the-job training plays a leading role in fulfilling such a mission. Primary health care settings should therefore permanently expand their involvement in the training of these professionals. Objective: Determine medical student and teacher satisfaction with on-the-job training in primary health care settings. Methods: A longitudinal descriptive study was conducted in Santo Domingo, Villa Clara province, during the school year 2016-2017. The sample was 26 third-year medical students from Manuel Piti Fajardo University Polyclinic, 24 sixth-year students rotating in Comprehensive General Medicine in this municipality, and 20 teachers actively involved in the training of these students. Data were obtained from document review and surveys applied to students and teachers. Results: Good performance prevailed. Students acquired their skills in the two years assigned to them, and all passed their end-of-term exams in the ordinary call. Most teachers were Assistant Professors methodologically trained to lead on-the-job training tasks. Conclusions: Most of the students and teachers in the study reported being satisfied with participating in on-the-job training activities in these environments(AU)

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Introducción: El proceso docente educativo que se desarrolla desde la educación en el trabajo debe sustentarse en una concepción didáctica de actualidad y pertinencia, en función de preparar a un individuo capaz de enfrentar nuevas situaciones y problemas mediante los métodos científicos. Objetivo: Caracterizar los dos momentos didácticos para el desarrollo de habilidades investigativas desde la educación en el trabajo. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación cualitativa en la carrera de Medicina en el ciclo clínico en la Filial de Ciencias Médicas "Lidia Doce Sánchez" de Sagua la Grande en el período 2014-2016. La población de estudio estuvo constituida por 160 estudiantes desde 3ro hasta 5to años de Medicina (ciclo clínico). La muestra fue seleccionada por un muestreo estratificado guiado por propósito y quedó finalmente constituida por 44 estudiantes. Además, participaron estudiantes de 6to año mediante un muestreo aleatorio simple, los profesores y tutores fueron seleccionados a través de un muestreo no probabilístico intencional, y los directivos y metodólogos de la carrera fueron seleccionados en su totalidad. La recogida de la información se realizó a través de diferentes técnicas: análisis de documento, encuesta a los profesores, encuesta a estudiantes, observación a las actividades de educación en el trabajo y entrevista a directivos y metodólogos. Resultados: El proceso docente educativo contribuyó al desarrollo de las habilidades investigativas de los estudiantes. Este debió ejecutarse en dos momentos didácticos fundamentales: la preparación de la ejecución y la ejecución del proceso, en los cuales se concibió la tarea investigativa y fueron diseñados teniendo en cuenta los problemas de salud que afectan al individuo, la familia, la comunidad y el medio ambiente. Conclusiones: Los dos momentos didácticos para la educación en el trabajo contribuyeron al desarrollo de las habilidades investigativas, al favorecer la adquisición de los modos de actuación profesional relacionados con los métodos clínico y epidemiológico(AU)

Introduction: The teaching-learning process carried out via on-the-job training should be based on current, relevant didactic principles, so that professionals are trained who can face up to new situations and problems applying scientific methods. Objective: Characterize the two didactic moments suitable for developing research skills via on-the-job training. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted of the Medicine major during its clinical cycle at Lidia Doce Sánchez Medical Sciences Branch School in Sagua la Grande in the period 2014-2016. The study population was 160 third-to-fifth-year medical students (clinical cycle). The sample was selected by purposive stratified sampling and was finally made up of 44 students. Additionally, sixth-year students were selected by simple random sampling. Teachers and tutors were chosen by purposive non-probability sampling. All faculty managers and methodologists went through the selection process. Data collection was based on document analysis, teacher surveys, student surveys, observation of on-the-job activities, and interviews with managers and methodologists. Results: The teaching-learning process conducted via on-the-job training in the major of Medicine in the various primary and secondary training environments, contributed to develop students' research skills. The process should be performed at two main didactic moments: preparation for conduct and process conduct. Research as the cornerstone of the teaching-learning process was conceived of as taking place at these two didactic moments, which were designed bearing in mind the health problems affecting the individual, the family, the community and the environment. Conclusions: The two didactic moments occurring during on-the-job training contributed to develop research skills, fostering the acquisition of professional behavior modes related to the clinical and epidemiological methods(AU)

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A Educação à Distância é uma modalidade de ensino que permite eliminar a separação geográfica entre educador e educando para atender a um número ilimitado de alunos que estejam em busca de formação, capacitação ou atualização profissional. É também, um processo de auto-aprendizado que é incentivado pela utilização de estratégias didáticas bem elaboradas e adequadas às várias situações vigentes. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo conhecer e explanar a vivência dos alunos do município de Amparo participantes da Especialização em Saúde da Família/UNASUS/UNIFESP, 2012, no processo de ensino-aprendizagem através do ensino a distância mediado por tecnologia e avaliar o impacto da educação permanente na organização dos serviços. Através de um modelo de pesquisa qualitativa, buscou-se estabelecer a percepção dos alunos com relação à metodologia, técnica, estratégias de aprendizagem e mudanças ocorridas nos serviços em que estão inseridos os profissionais capacitados. A metodologia, de natureza qualitativa foi utilizada através de grupos focais como processo de análise, nos encontros presenciais e webconferências, estratificados por eixos estruturantes objeto da pesquisa. O público alvo foram os profissionais formados como especialistas em Saúde da Família pelo curso de UNASUS/ UNIFESP do município de Amparo, 2012. As respostas foram classificadas segundo os eixos estruturantes buscando contextualizar o relato dos atores pesquisados...

Distance Learning is a democratic teaching method that allows eliminating the geographic separation between the teacher and educated to attend an unlimited number of students who seeks graduation or professional refreshment. It is also a self-learning process encouraged by the use of well elaborated teaching resources according to the circumstances and contingencies. The objective of this study was to explore and to expand the experience of the UNASUS / UNIFESP Family Health Specialization Course students from Amparo municipality about the teaching-learning process on technology-mediated distance education and to measure its impact as a continuing education in the service organization. A qualitative research model was used in order to establish the student perception related to the methodology, technique, learning strategies and changes occurred in the services they are related to. In the qualitative nature of the methodology used, the focal groups were used for the analyses process, through face-to-face meetings and web conferences stratified by themes of the object studied. The target audience: professionals from Amparo municipality graduated on UNASUS / UNIFESP Family Health specialization course. The answers obtained were classified by axes to contextualize the researched actors report...

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Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar ações ligadas à formação continuada em serviço de psicólogos escolares da Secretaria de Estado de Educação do Distrito Federal. Atualmente, as demandas dirigidas ao psicólogo escolar instalam a urgência por uma formação que considere a complexidade do perfil profissional articulada a um mergulho em uma prática real. A formação ocorreu por meio de um curso de extensão universitária, de 120 horas/aulas, destinado a 52 psicólogos da rede pública de ensino. O curso objetivou a sistematização teórica-conceitual sobre as implicações da relação entre Psicologia e Educação, as teorias psicogenéticas do desenvolvimento humano, as abordagens teóricometodológicas para o estudo das interações e relações sociais, e discussões sobre bases conceituais do trabalho do Psicólogo Escolar. Foi desenvolvido em módulos teóricos articulados com orientações a projetos de intervenções na prática cotidiana dos psicólogos. O planejamento e acompanhamento dessa formação continuada em serviço exigiram o desenvolvimento de competências muito específicas para o exercício profissional.(AU)

This work aims to present actions related to the on-the-job training of school psychologists of the Secretary of Education of the Federal District. Nowadays, the demands of the school psychologist imply the urgency for a training that considers the complexity of their professional profile articulated to a dive into a real practice. The training occurred by means of a university extension course, with 120 hours of duration, with the participation of 52 psychologists from the public educational system. The course focused the theoretic-conceptual systematization of the implications in the relation between Psychology and Education, the psychogenetic theories of human development, the theoreticmethodological approaches to the study of social interactions and relations, and discussions about conceptual bases of the school Psychologist’s work. It was developed in theoretical modules articulated with guidance to intervention projects in the daily practice of the psychologists. The planning and tracking of this on-the-job training demanded the development of very specific abilities for the professional practice.(AU)

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A educação em serviço no setor saúde consiste numa prática necessária em resposta aos processos de mudanças ocorridos nos serviços, influenciados pelo contexto sócio-político-cultural. O enfermeiro, enquanto profissional de saúde, destaca-se como elemento de fundamental importância na implementação e manutenção desta prática. Buscando compreender a educação em serviço este estudo de revisão da literatura tem como objetivo descrever o processo de educação em serviço como uma ferramenta para a ação gerencial do enfermeiro identificando a abordagem das competências e a metodologia crítico-reflexiva/problematizadora, como possíveis estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem. Contudo, percebeu-se que influências intrínsecas e extrínsecas presentes no processo de trabalho da enfermagem devem ser repensadas para a implementação efetiva de uma prática educativa transformadora.

The literature revision study searching for undestanding related to education, has as purpose to describe the process as a away for nursering actions. This can also indentify the competence and the problematical/criticalreflexive methodology as useful strategies for learning and teaching. However, was noticed that intrinsic and extrinsic influences on the nursering work process must be reviewd for the effective establishment of renewer and instrucive practices.

El enfermero, encuanto profesional de salud, sobresale como elemento de fundamental improtancia en lo implemento y mantenimiento de la práctica. Intentando comprender la educación en el área, el objetivo de esta revisión de literatua es describir lo proceso como una herramineta para la acción gerencial del enfermero, para indentificación de la abordage de competencias y la metodologia crítico-reflexiva/problemática, con posibles estrategias e enseñanza-aprendizaje. Mientras, ha que se percibir que las influencias intrinsecas y extrínsecas presentes en lo procesos de trabajo de enfermage, deban ser reflexionadas para que lo implemento efective una práctica educativa cambiadora.

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PIP: This Uruguayan Act prohibits discrimination in employment with respect to the following areas, among others: 1) advertising for the provision of positions; 2) selection criteria; 3) recruitment and hiring; 4) evaluation of performance criteria; 5) the right to advancement and promotion; 6) labour stability; 7) social benefits; 8) suspension and dismissal, particularly in cases involving a change of civil status, pregnancy, or nursing; 9) possibilities for professional and technical education or retraining; and 10) remuneration criteria. Reserving places for one sex because of the presence of activities in which the sex of the employee is essential for performance or to comply with international labor treaties does not constitute discrimination. Nor do compensatory acts designed to promote equality of opportunities and treatment of both sexes in concrete situations. In cases where the provisions of this Act have been violated, specially designated judges will call the parties together and may adopt measures designed to end the situation complained of. If they deem it necessary, the judges may institute more formal proceedings. If the measures adopted are not carried out, the person violating the law is subject to a daily fine, as well as administrative penalties set out in Act 15.903 of 10 November 1987. Adverse decisions may be appealed. The state is also to undertake educative campaigns to create interest in and understanding of the problems affecting women workers, thus promoting awareness in such workers and their employers of their situation.^ieng

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