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Reports of renal neoplasia are rare in neotropical wildcats. Ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) are medium-sized wildcats living in America's tropical forests. A 12-year-old captive ocelot was diagnosed with a renal mass occupying approximately 25% of the total right kidney volume. The tissue was stained with routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). Immunohistochemistry with the following markers was performed: cytokeratin (CK) AE1/AE3, CK19, CK 7, CD10, vimentin, Melan A, HMB45, Pax-8, and Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1). Histopathology revealed a well-differentiated epithelial tubular neoplasia with less than one mitotic figure per 2.37mm2 field. Vimentin and Pax-8 were the only positive markers. Immunohistochemically, neoplasia was diagnosed as a renal adenoma. Renal adenomas are seldom reported in neotropical wildcats. Reports on wild species are valuable for properly establishing a clinical prognosis for captive species. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that provides detailed microscopic and immunohistochemical descriptions of renal adenoma in a captive ocelot.

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In the face of global species loss, it is paramount to understand the effects of human activity on vulnerable species, particularly in highly diverse, complex systems. The Greater Madidi Landscape in the Bolivian Amazon includes several biodiverse protected areas that were created with the goal of sustaining healthy and diverse ecosystems while not impeding the livelihoods of local indigenous peoples. In this study, we sought to use camera trap data and single-species occupancy analysis to assess the impacts of different forms of human activity on four species of small felids: ocelots (Leopardus pardalis), margays (Leopardus wiedii), jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi), and oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus). We modeled both human variables (proximity to indigenous communities, roads, and tourist camps) and non-human variables (terrain ruggedness, proximity to rivers, canopy height, prey availability, and large cat abundance). Margay occupancy was unaffected by any of these human variables and ocelots showed only weak evidence of being affected by tourism. Ocelots were particularly pervasive throughout the study area and were consistently estimated to have high occupancy probability. We did not obtain sufficient data on jaguarundi or oncilla to reliably model these effects. Our results indicate that small cats successfully coexist both with each other and with the surrounding human activity in this unique landscape, which serves as a model for global protected area management.

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Resumen Se reporta por primera vez la presencia del tigrillo u ocelote (Leopardus pardalis), en el Santuario Histórico de Machupicchu, mediante el uso de cámaras trampa. Se obtuvieron 21 registros fotográficos independientes en cuatro sectores de bosque montano entre junio de 2018 y marzo del 2020. El rango altitudinal registrado para esta especie dentro del Santuario comprende desde 2193 hasta 3414 metros de altitud, lo que incluye el segundo registro a mayor elevación en el Perú. Los registros indican un patrón de actividad catemeral, es decir sin ninguna preferencia de actividad horaria entre el día y la noche, y sugieren que la presencia de tigrillo en algunas áreas a más de 3000 m puede ser más común de lo que se pensaba, con ejemplares presentes todo el año.

Abstract We report for the first time the presence of the ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), in the Machupicchu Historic Sanctuary, using camera traps. Twenty-one independent photographic records were obtained in four montane forest sectors between June 2018 and March 2020. The altitudinal range recorded for this species within the Sanctuary ranges from 2193 to 3414 m of altitude, which includes the second highest elevation record in Peru. The records indicate a pattern of cathemeral activity, with no time preference between day and night, and suggest that the presence of ocelots in some areas above 3000 m may be more common than previously thought, with specimens present year-round.

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Whether prey species avoid predators and predator species track prey is a poorly understood aspect of predator-prey interactions, given measuring prey tracking by predators and predator avoidance by prey is challenging. A common approach to study these interactions among mammals in field situations is to monitor the spatial proximity of animals at fixed times, using GPS tags fitted to individuals. However, this method is invasive and only allows tracking of a subset of individuals. Here, we use an alternative, noninvasive camera-trapping approach to monitor temporal proximity of predator and prey animals. We deployed camera traps at fixed locations on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, where the ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) is the principal mammalian predator, and tested two hypotheses: (1) prey animals avoid ocelots; and (2) ocelots track prey. We quantified temporal proximity of predators and prey by fitting parametric survival models to the time intervals between subsequent prey and predator captures by camera traps, and then compared the observed intervals to random permutations that retained the spatiotemporal distribution of animal activity. We found that time until a prey animal appeared at a location was significantly longer than expected by chance if an ocelot had passed, and that the time until an ocelot appeared at a location was significantly shorter than expected by chance after prey passage. These findings are indirect evidence for both predator avoidance and prey tracking in this system. Our results show that predator avoidance and prey tracking influence predator and prey distribution over time in a field setting. Moreover, this study demonstrates that camera trapping is a viable and noninvasive alternative to GPS tracking for studying certain predator-prey interactions.

Debido a las dificultades en evaluar como los depredadores rastrean su presa, y como las presas eluden a depredadores, un aspecto todavía poco conocido en la interacción entre depredadores y presas es si estas evitan a depredadores o si estos rastrean las presas. Una enfoque común para estudiar estas interacciones entre mamíferos bajo condiciones de campo es de seguir la proximidad espacial de animales a intervalos fijos, usando marbetes de GPS ajustados a los individuos. Sin embargo, este método es invasivo y solo permite obtener información de un número limitado de individuos. En este estudio, usamos cámaras trampas como método alternativo y no invasivo, para monitorear el proximidad temporal entre depredadores y presas en sitios fijos en Isla Barro Colorado, Panamá, donde los ocelotes (Leopardus pardalis) son el principal mamífero depredador. Evaluamos dos hipótesis: (1) las presas evitan a los ocelotes, y (2) los ocelotes rastrean a las presas. Cuantificamos la proximidad temporal de depredadores y presas ajustando modelos paramétricos de supervivencia a los intervalos de tiempo ocurridos entre observaciones subsecuentes en las cámaras trampas, y luego comparamos los intervalos observados con permutaciones aleatorias que retuvieron la distribución espacio-temporal de la actividad de los animales. Encontramos que, si un ocelote había pasado por dicha área, el tiempo en el cual una presa aparece en una ubicación fue significativamente mayor que lo esperado aleatoriamente. También encontramos que, después de pasar una presa por un área, el tiempo en que un ocelote tarda en aparecer fue significativamente menor que lo esperado al azar. Estos resultados constituyen evidencia indirecta que las presas evitan a los depredadores y que estos rastrean a las presas. Nuestros resultados muestran que la evitación de los depredadores y el rastreo de las presas influyen en la distribución de presas y depredadores a lo largo del tiempo en un escenario natural. Este estudio también demuestra que las cámaras trampas son una alternativa viable y no invasiva, con respecto a marbetes de GPS, para estudiar ciertas interacciones entre presas y depredadores.

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Wild cats play an important role as top predators in the food chain and act as ecosystem regulators. However, in recent decades, many studies have demonstrated the potential effects of parasitic diseases on wild carnivore populations, including cats. This study reports on the endoparasites found in an injured and rescued specimen of Leopardus pardalis in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Fecal samples were collected and processed using five coproparasitological techniques: a simple flotation centrifugation, a zinc sulfate flotation centrifugation, a formalin-ether sedimentation centrifugation, a conical centrifuge tube technique, and a modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique for fecal smears. Helminth eggs belonging to the families Trichuridae and Diphyllobothriidae and the genus Toxocara were found in both sedimentation flotation techniques. Protozoan oocysts belonging to the genus Cryptosporidium were identified by modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining. These findings show that ocelots can harbor potentially zoonotic and pathogenic endoparasites. Further studies on the helminths and protofauna of these animals are necessary.

Os felinos selvagens desempenham um papel importante como predadores de topo na cadeia alimentar e atuam como reguladores do ecossistema. No entanto, nas últimas décadas, muitos estudos demonstraram os efeitos potenciais de doenças parasitárias em populações de carnívoros selvagens, incluindo gatos. Este estudo relata os endoparasitos encontrados em um espécime ferido e resgatado de Leopardus pardalis no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Amostras fecais foram coletadas e processadas usando cinco técnicas coproparasitológicas: uma centrifugação por flotação simples, uma centrifugação por flotação com sulfato de zinco, uma centrifugação por sedimentação com éter de formalina, uma técnica de tubo de centrífuga cônica e uma técnica modificada de coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen para esfregaços fecais. Ovos de helmintos pertencentes às famílias Trichuridae e Diphyllobothriidae e ao gênero Toxocara foram encontrados em ambas as técnicas de flotação por sedimentação. Oocistos de protozoários pertencentes ao gênero Cryptosporidium foram identificados pela coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen modificada. Esses achados mostram que jaguatiricas podem abrigar endoparasitas potencialmente zoonóticos e patogênicos. Mais estudos sobre os helmintos e a protofauna desses animais são necessários.

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A 3- to 4-mo-old male ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) and a 6- to 8-mo-old female margay (Leopardus weidii) were brought in from the wild, held in captivity, and rehabilitated for 906 and 709 days, respectively, at the Rescate Wildlife Rescue Center in Costa Rica. During captivity, both cats were kept as isolated as possible from humans and fed appropriate live wild prey. After maturing and demonstrating the ability to capture and feed on live prey, the cats were radio-collared, released at a national wildlife refuge previously assessed for predator and prey occurrence, and monitored. After 54 days, the ocelot was trapped while preying on chickens in a nearby community, and after 20 days, the margay was found dead, likely due to ocelot predation. Avoiding habituation to humans, assuring hunting abilities, and assessing release sites likely is not sufficient to assure successful release of these species, and more experimental releases with innovative and detailed protocols and monitoring are needed.

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This retrospective study provides an analysis of the prevalence and detectability of canine distemper virus (CDV), feline leukemia virus (FeLV), and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) in ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) sheltered in a wild animal recovery center in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Blood samples of 19 rescued ocelots from 2019-20 were analyzed using FeLV p27 antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and commercial insulated isothermal reverse transcriptase PCR (iiRT-PCR) kits. Using this PCR we detected positive results for CDV (4/ 17; 23.5%) and FeLV (14/16; 87.5%), but not for FIV (0/8). Three previously positive cases of CDV and two of FeLV showed negative results on retesting 6 mo later. Moreover, a third analysis was conducted and was negative for CDV. Our results suggest that ocelots can recover from the local CDV and FeLV strains. An ELISA for the FeLV p27 antigen showed no capability to detect FeLV in ocelots that were confirmed positive by iiRT-PCR. Regional lineages, viral virulence, and host immune response capabilities should be addressed in further research to inform management and decision making for wildlife conservation.

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Landscape transformation favors the spread of new pathogens that can be shared between domestic and wild animals. Certain adenoviruses (e.g., canine adenovirus 1 and 2, family Adenoviridae) can infect domestic and wild carnivores. In domestic canids, these viruses are associated with hepatic and respiratory diseases (among others). Nevertheless, information regarding adenovirus pathogenicity and molecular features in wild carnivores is still limited. Herein we surveyed adenovirus in free-ranging carnivores from Brazil. Total DNA was extracted from and subsequently tested by a nested panPCR in spleen and/or lung of 52 carnivores, representing species of the following families: Canidae (n = 4), Felidae (n = 3), Mustelidae (n = 2) and Procyonidae (n = 2). The obtained sequences were compared to others available at GenBank. Available tissue samples from the positive cases were evaluated histopathologically. One out of 52 (1.9%, CI 95%, 0.0-5.7%) carnivores was positive; a roadkilled ocelot (Leopardus pardalis). The obtained sequence presented a low deduced amino acid (78.1%) similarity with the closest adenovirus, identified in a pinniped from the United States of America. This fact and its detection in a novel host suggest it may be representative of a novel species and denominated ocelot adenovirus 1. None of the gross and microscopic findings of the positive case were associated with adenovirus. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of adenovirus in wild felids of South America and the second worldwide. Further studies are necessary to assess the epidemiology and potential pathogenicity of this agent in wild carnivores.

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Neotropical wild felids (NWF) are obligate carnivore species present in Central and South America, and some are considered endangered due to constantly decreasing populations. NWF can become infected by a wide range of protozoan and metazoan parasites, some of them affecting their health conditions and others having anthropozoonotic relevance. Parasitological studies on NWF are still very scarce, and most data originated from dead or captive animals. On this account, the current study aimed to characterize gastrointestinal parasites of free-ranging jaguars (Panthera onca), pumas (Puma concolor), ocelots (Leopardus pardalis), and jaguarundis (Herpailurus yagouaroundi), i.e., four out of six NWF species endemic to Colombia. Fecal samples from jaguars (n = 10) and ocelots (n = 4) were collected between 2012 and 2017 as part of the Jaguar Corridor Initiative from six geographic locations in Colombia. In addition, cestode specimens were obtained during puma and jaguarundi necropsies. Scat samples were processed by standardized sodium acetate-acetic acid-formalin (SAF), sedimentation, and flotation techniques and by carbol fuchsin-stained fecal smears. Morphological evaluation of feces showed the presence of one cestode (Spirometra sp.), a nematode (Toxocara cati), an acanthocephalan (Oncicola sp.), and one cyst-forming coccidian (Cystoisospora-like oocysts). Feces oocysts were submitted to a Toxoplasma gondii-specific PCR for species identification, but no product was amplified. The cestodes isolated from a puma and jaguarundi were molecularly characterized by sequencing cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, identifying them as Taenia omissa and as a T. omissa sister lineage, respectively. These results collectively demonstrate the potential role of NWF as natural reservoir hosts for neglected zoonotic parasites (e.g., Spirometra sp., T. cati) and highlight their possible role in parasite transmission to human communities. Due to public health concerns, the occurrence of these parasites should be monitored in the future for appropriate zoonotic management practices in conservation strategies and wild felid health management programs.

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Patterns in, and the underlying dynamics of, species co-occurrence is of interest in many ecological applications. Unaccounted for, imperfect detection of the species can lead to misleading inferences about the nature and magnitude of any interaction. A range of different parameterizations have been published that could be used with the same fundamental modeling framework that accounts for imperfect detection, although each parameterization has different advantages and disadvantages.We propose a parameterization based on log-linear modeling that does not require a species hierarchy to be defined (in terms of dominance) and enables a numerically robust approach for estimating covariate effects.Conceptually, the parameterization is equivalent to using the presence of species in the current, or a previous, time period as predictor variables for the current occurrence of other species. This leads to natural, "symmetric," interpretations of parameter estimates.The parameterization can be applied to many species, in either a maximum likelihood or Bayesian estimation framework. We illustrate the method using camera-trapping data collected on three mesocarnivore species in South Texas.

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The federally endangered ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) population of south Texas, USA is declining; fewer than an estimated 80 ocelots remain. South Texas has robust transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan parasite causing Chagas disease in humans and various mammals. This parasite's impact in ocelots is unknown. Blood from live-trapped ocelots was collected by US Fish and Wildlife Service personnel in an annual monitoring program; additionally, tissues were obtained from carcasses collected from 2010 to 2017 around Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge in south Texas and placed in scientific collections. Variable samples were available from 21 ocelots: skeletal muscle (n=15), heart tissue (n=5), lung (n=1), kidney (n=1), spleen (n=1), liver (n=1), blood clot (n=9), and serum (n=3). Overall, 3/21 (14.3%) ocelots showed evidence of T. cruzi infection or exposure, with T. cruzi PCR-positive samples of skeletal muscle, heart, and blood clot, respectively. All three were infected with the T. cruzi discrete taxonomic unit "TcI"; one of these ocelots also had anti-T. cruzi antibodies. Lymphoplasmacytic inflammation was noted in the PCR-positive heart tissue and in some PCR-negative tissues from this and other individuals. Incidentally, Sarcocystis spp. were noted histologically in five ocelots. Trypanosoma cruzi infection and associated cardiac lesions suggest that this parasite should be further investigated in vulnerable populations.

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An arboreal lifestyle is thought to be central to primate origins, and most extant primate species still live in the trees. Nonetheless, terrestrial locomotion is a widespread adaptation that has arisen repeatedly within the primate lineage. The absence of terrestriality among the New World monkeys (Platyrrhini) is thus notable and raises questions about the ecological pressures that constrain the expansion of platyrrhines into terrestrial niches. Here, we report the results of a natural experiment, comparing patterns of terrestrial behavior in white-faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus imitator) living on two islands off the Pacific coast of Panama that lack mammalian predators (island sites) with the behavior of capuchins at three sites in central Panama with more intact predator communities (mainland sites). Surveys with camera traps revealed increased terrestriality in island vs. mainland sites. Capuchin detection rates were higher, the range of party sizes observed was larger, and individuals engaged in a wider range of terrestrial behaviors on the islands lacking mammalian predators. Furthermore, females carrying infants were frequently photographed on the ground at the island sites, but never at the mainland sites. These findings support the long-standing hypothesis that predators constrain the exploitation of terrestrial niches by primates. These results are also consistent with the hypothesis that arboreal locomotion imposes costs that primates will avoid by walking on the ground when predation risk is low.

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We used data from eight years of camera trapping at Rancho El Aribabi, a cattle ranch and conservation property in northern Sonora, Mexico, to examine the ecology of the northern-most known breeding population of ocelots (Leopardus pardalis). Ocelots were found mostly in two discrete and disjunct areas: a riverine riparian canyon at just less than 1,000 masl elevation and along arroyos in an oak-mesquite savanna in the Sierra Azul at 1,266-1,406 masl. An ocelot was also detected at a site between those two areas, in an area of a Sonoran desertscrub-foothills thornscrub ecotone at 1,300 masl. At least 18 ocelots, both males and females, were detected during the 2007-2011 and 2014-2018 sampling periods. A female with a kitten was documented in 2011. No individual ocelots were photographed in both areas, which are separated by a minimum of 11.29 km, and no individuals were photographed in both time periods. In a binary logistic regression, key environmental variables predicting ocelot presence were, in order of importance, distance to a paved road, distance to human habitation, proximity to water, and an anthropogenic influences index that was dominated by cattle. Another analysis corroborated the finding regarding ocelot presence and cattle. Contrary to previous studies, ocelot presence was not tied to vegetation cover close to the ground. We present information about the types of habitats and sites ocelots used, short-term movements, daily and seasonal activity patterns, and behavior, including occurrence of different individuals at or near the same site over short periods of time. We discuss ocelot home range, density, and movements, but small sample sizes and study design problems limit the value of estimates derived from our work. Rancho El Aribabi is a private, conservation ranch for which the owners have made voluntary conservation commitments that provide habitat and protection for ocelots and other animals and plants. This northern-most known breeding population is a likely source of ocelots that are periodically detected in southeastern Arizona. Our results should help facilitate conservation of the ocelot in other semi-arid areas of northwestern Mexico and adjacent USA.

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The ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) is a Felidae of wide geographical distribution and food flexibility; therefore, it is essential to understand the morphology of the species. Thus, we aimed to describe its lingual morphology in order to gain information regarding the anatomy of this carnivore's digestive system. The tongues ​​were removed for ex situ macroscopic and morphometric analyses, as well as for light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, of fragments of the different lingual regions. The tongue of L. pardalis had an elongated form that was subdivided into the apex, body and root, in which four papillary types were observed: filiform, fungiform, circumvallate and conical. It presented with a stratified, keratinized squamous epithelium, followed by loose and dense connective tissues, as well as a skeletal striated musculature that comprised most of the organ. In addition, in scanning electron microscopy the filiform papillae showed a complex with multiple layers of keratin with triangular shape projected caudally in oral cavity. The fungiform papillae were distributed among the filiform and showed a rounded shape with some gustatory pores, and are keratinized but in a lower intensity if compared with filiform. The vallate papillae, located in lingual root, showed an oval format, had a deep groove surrounded the papillae and some gustatory pores. The conical papillae are located in lingual root and are similar to the filiform. The tongue of L. pardalis resembles other carnivorous species, mainly among felids. However, it differed in relation to the quantity of vallate papillae and the absence of foliate papillae.

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Varias de las especies silvestres de la familia Felidae se encuentran en riesgo y el tamaño poblacional es uno de los parámetros ecológicos más importantes para determinar acciones efectivas de conservación. El tamaño poblacional está determinado por diferentes factores, tanto bióticos como abióticos, que en conjunto satisfacen los requerimientos de los individuos para sobrevivir y reproducirse, permitiendo la permanencia de las especies a través del tiempo. Debido a que el tamaño poblacional de una especie no es homogéneo a lo largo de su distribución, se han formulado varias hipótesis para explicar sus variaciones. Una propuesta considera que las poblaciones más grandes se ubican en las regiones con mayor idoneidad ambiental y el número de individuos decrece hacia las menos favorables. Otra hipótesis considera que el tamaño poblacional está relacionado con la estructura interna del nicho ecológico, en donde las poblaciones más grandes están ubicadas en el centroide del nicho y el tamaño declina conforme aumenta la distancia a éste. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la relación de la abundancia poblacional con la idoneidad ambiental y el nicho ecológico en cuatro especies de felinos silvestres de América. La densidad de Lynx rufus (lince) se correlacionó positivamente con el índice de idoneidad ambiental, la mayor densidad de Panthera onca (jaguar) se ubicó en regiones cercanas al centroide del nicho, mientras que las densidades poblacionales de Leopardus pardalis (ocelote) y de Puma concolor (puma) no se ajustaron a las predicciones de ninguna de las dos hipótesis. La relación entre densidad de felinos con las características ambientales puede ser especie-específica y no seguir un patrón generalizado.

Several wild species of the family Felidae are at risk, and population size is one of the most important ecological parameters to determine conservation actions. Population size is influenced by different biotic and abiotic factors that satisfy the requirements of the species to survive and reproduce, allowing the permanence of the species through time. Because population size is not homogeneous throughout the distribution, there are several hypotheses to explain their variations. One proposal considers that more abundant populations are located in regions with environmentally suitability, and population size decreases towards the less favorable ones. Another hypothesis considers that the population size is related to the internal structure of the ecological niche, where the largest populations are located in the centroid of the niche, and the size declines as the distance to this centroid increase. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between population abundance, environmental suitability and ecological niche in four wild felids species of America. The density of Lynx rufus (bobcat) was correlated positively with the environmental suitability index, the highest density of Panthera onca (jaguar) was located in regions near the centroid of the niche, while the population densities of Leopardus pardalis (ocelot) and Puma concolor (cougar) did not conform to the predictions of either of the two hypotheses. The relationship between feline density and environmental characteristics was species-specific, with no general pattern.

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Amazonia forest plays a major role in providing ecosystem services for human and sanctuaries for wildlife. However, ongoing deforestation and habitat fragmentation in the Brazilian Amazon has threatened both. The ocelot is an ecologically important mesopredator and a potential conservation ambassador species, yet there are no previous studies on its habitat preference and spatial patterns in this biome. From 2010 to 2017, twelve sites were surveyed, totaling 899 camera trap stations, the largest known dataset for this species. Using occupancy modeling incorporating spatial autocorrelation, we assessed habitat use for ocelot populations across the Brazilian Amazon. Our results revealed a positive sigmoidal correlation between remote-sensing derived metrics of forest cover, disjunct core area density, elevation, distance to roads, distance to settlements and habitat use, and that habitat use by ocelots was negatively associated with slope and distance to river/lake. These findings shed light on the regional scale habitat use of ocelots and indicate important species-habitat relationships, thus providing valuable information for conservation management and land-use planning.

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PURPOSE: The optical-coherence tomography guided Ocelot catheter has previously been shown to be a safe and effective tool for crossing peripheral chronic total occlusions. However, the existing literature focuses mostly on the superficial femoral artery, without prior evidence of use within the suprainguinal vasculature. CASE SERIES: We present the first known cases of the Ocelot catheter for revascularization of chronic total occlusions in the iliac vasculature. In the first case a retrograde approach is used for intervention of the right common iliac artery, while in the second case an antegrade approach is used for revascularization of the left external iliac artery. CONCLUSIONS: In this case report we first demonstrate as proof of feasibility the use of the Ocelot catheter in suprainguinal artery chronic total occlusions.

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A espécie Leopardus pardalis, conhecida popularmente como jaguatirica, é um felino de médio porte com ampla distribuição em território nacional e está incluída na lista de espécies da fauna brasileira ameaçadas de extinção. Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar os aspectos macroscópicos e microscópico da traqueia e lobos pulmonares em L. pardalis. As análises foram feitas utilizando cinco exemplares de jaguatirica, sendo dois machos e três fêmeas, adultos, três desses exemplares foram a óbito por atropelamento em rodovias próximas ao município de Alta Floresta, e dois doados após a morte pelo IBAMA ao o Laboratório de Zoologia e Morfologia Animal. Nos espécimes a traqueia era um tubo flexível formado por pares de arcos cartilaginosos, apresentando epitélio pseudo-estratificado não ciliado no seu revestimento interno, e outros estruturas básicas deste órgão. O pulmão se mostrou como um órgão constituído por lobos separados por fissuras com um parênquima usual aos demais mamíferos descritos. No que diz respeito às caraterísticas anatômicas da traqueia e pulmão se mostraram semelhantes à de outros mamíferos, já nos aspectos microscópicos da traqueia apresentou certas peculiaridades diferindo dos demais trabalhos encontrados. No que tange o aspecto do parênquima pulmonar as características histológicas não variaram com as que estão descritas.(AU)

The species Leopardus pardalis, popularly known as ocelot, is a medium sized cat with wide distribution in the national territory and is included in the list of species of Brazilian fauna threatened with extinction. This study aimed to characterize the macroscopic and microscopic aspects of the trachea and lung lobes in L. pardalis. Analyses were performed using five copies of ocelot, two males and three females, adults, three of these specimens died from being run over on highways nearby the municipality of Alta Floresta, and two donated after death by IBAMA to the Laboratory of Zoology and Animal Morphology. In the trachea specimens was a flexible tube formed by pairs of cartilaginous arches, with pseudo-stratified epithelium ciliated not in its inner lining, and other basic structures of this body. Lung proved as a body made up of lobes separated by cracks with a usual parenchyma to the other described mammals. With respect to the anatomic features of the trachea and lung were similar to other mammals, as in the microscopic aspects of the trachea showed certain peculiarities found differing from the other jobs. Regarding the appearance of the lung parenchyma histological characteristics did not differ with those described.(AU)

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During the last three decades, much research has illustrated the potential impact of diseases on wild animal populations. However, few studies focused on establishing parameters to reliably differentiate healthy from sick animals. We present clinical, hematologic, and serum chemistry data from nine healthy ocelots ( Leopardus pardalis ) and one ill ocelot captured in 2012 and 2013 in Brazil. Laboratory results were compared to mean values of captive ocelots and reference ranges for domestic cats ( Felis catus ). Free-ranging ocelots had overall higher white blood cells, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, urea nitrogen, and triglycerides, probably due to handling. Free-ranging ocelots also presented hyperproteinemia, hyperglobulinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperuricemia.

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RESUMEN

Ocelots play a key role in ecological communities as mesopredators affecting the lower trophic level and other mesopredators. They show great variability in ecological traits across their distribution, but knowledge of this species is missing in several regions where it occurs. Here, we present the first study of ocelot in the Brazilian semiarid of Caatinga. Arid habitats might keep carnivore population density low and therefore vulnerable to environmental shocks and to human-induced changes, at risk of local extinction. To assess their population status, we used camera traps between September 2009 and January 2010. We estimated the density of ocelots using a spatially explicit capture-recapture method (SECR) to be 3.16 ± 0.46 individuals per 100 km2. This is a low-density estimate for ocelots, which might reflect the harsh conditions of the arid habitat. A longer population study of the ocelot can answer if this low population density is enough for a long-term persistence of this species in this and other arid environments.

Jaguatiricas possuem um papel fundamental em comunidades ecológicas como mesopredadores, afetando níveis tróficos inferiores e também outros mesopredadores. Esta espécie possui uma grande variabilidade em suas características ecológicas em toda a sua distribuição, no entanto, o conhecimento desta espécie possui lacunas em vários locais onde ela ocorre. Neste trabalho, nós apresentamos o primeiro estudo desta espécie no semiárido brasileiro da Caatinga. Ambientes áridos podem afetar negativamente as espécies carnívoras e, aliado a alterações antrópicas, esta espécie pode ser levada a extinção local se sua densidade populacional é baixa. Portanto, para verificar o nível populacional da jaguatirica em uma região protegida da Caatinga, instalamos armadilhas fotográficas, entre setembro de 2009 e janeiro de 2010. Com os dados obtidos, calculamos a densidade desta espécie através de métodos espacialmente explícitos (SECR). A densidade estimada da jaguatirica foi de 3.16 ± 0.46 indivíduos por 100 km2. Esta estimativa é muito baixa para esta espécie, o que pode ser um reflexo das condições áridas deste ambiente. Um estudo populacional de maior duração pode ajudar a responder se esta baixa densidade é o suficiente para a persistência desta espécie a longo prazo tanto neste, quanto em outros ambientes áridos onde ela ocorre.