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Introduction: In recent decades there has been a growth in the demand for tattoos and in the number of tattoo artists. Objectives: A study was designed to compare the results obtained in the application of risk assessment instruments by the Occupational Safety and Health team with those of the risk perception of the same variable in a sample of tattoo artists. Methods: A risk chart was prepared and the William Fine method, the integrated risk assessment approach, and the methodology for risk assessment and accidents at work were applied for general risk assessment, whereas the Ovako Working Posture Analysis System and Rapid Entire Body Assessment were applied for ergonomic risk assessment. Tattoo artists' perception was registered in an online questionnaire. Results: The most valued risk factors by tattoo artists were forced/maintained postures and repetitive movements; conversely, interaction with old machines and/or in poor condition and monotonous work. Divergences were found when comparing the results of risk assessment with those of risk perception, since the first highlights chemical and biological agents. This may be justified by the fact that tattoo artists give more relevance to issues capable of causing faster and/or more intense semiology. Conclusions: If the Occupational Safety and Health team is attentive and prepared to deal with these differences, it will achieve better performance.

Introdução: Nas últimas décadas, houve um crescimento na procura por tatuagens e no número de tatuadores. Objetivos: Projetou-se um estudo para comparar os resultados obtidos na aplicação de instrumentos para avaliação de risco pela equipe de Saúde e Segurança Ocupacionais com a percepção da mesma variável em uma amostra de tatuadores. Métodos: Elaborou-se uma carta de riscos, e foram aplicados os métodos de William Fine, a metodologia integrada de avaliação de risco, bem como e de avaliação do risco e acidentes de trabalho para risco geral e o Ovako Working Posture Analysis System e Rapid Entire Body Assessment para o risco ergonômico. A percepção dos tatuadores foi registrada em um questionário on-line. Resultados: Os fatores de risco mais valorizados pelos tatuadores foram as posturas forçadas/mantidas e os movimentos repetitivos; por sua vez, entre os fatores de risco menos valorizados, estavam a interação com máquinas antigas e/ou em mau estado e o trabalho monótono. Comparando os resultados da avaliação de risco com a percepção de risco, constata-se que existem divergências, uma vez que a primeira realça os agentes químicos e biológicos. Isso pode se justificar por eventualmente os tatuadores darem mais relevância às questões com capacidade para originar semiologia mais rápida e/ou intensa. Conclusões: Se a equipe de Saúde e Segurança Ocupacionais estiver atenta e preparada para lidar com essas diferenças, terá maior capacidade de obter melhor desempenho.

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Objetivo: Identificar estratégias utilizadas para a gestão de imunobiológicos e as limitações para a adesão às vacinas pelos trabalhadores da área da saúde. Métodos: Revisão integrativa que selecionou publicações em cinco bases de dados, utilizando a estratégia PICo, no período de 2016 a 2020. Utilizou-se os softwares Endnote X5 e Rayyan para identificação de documentos duplicados e cegamento dos avaliadores. Resultados: Totalizaram 15 artigos, dos quais um foi classificado com grau de recomendação alto e 10 artigos com nível de evidência 4, em relação ao delineamento, foram encontrados sete estudos transversais. Constatou-se que 14 (93,3%) abordaram o imunobiológico contra o vírus Influenza. Os estudos foram agrupados em duas categorias para melhor organização das estratégias de gestão e das limitações na adesão às vacinas pelos trabalhadores da saúde. Conclusão: Observou-se como um fator concordante nos diversos estudos para superar as barreiras da hesitação vacinal é importante intensificar as campanhas de comunicação e divulgação, focadas em ações de educação em saúde. Tais estratégias podem ser difundidas e replicadas em diferentes contextos dos serviços de saúde ocupacional. Este estudo contribui para avançar e fortalecer a utilização de estratégias para o gerenciamento de vacinação na saúde do trabalhador. (AU)

Objective: The aim of the study was to identify vaccine management strategies and barriers of adherence to vaccination among healthcare workers. Methods: An Integrative Review was conducted using five databases. The selection of the studies that had been published from the years 2016 to 2020 was based on the PICo strategy. To allow blinded evaluation and exclude duplicate references, the softwares Endnote and Rayyan were used. Results: 15 articles were selected. One was classified as having a high degree of recommendation and 10 other studies received level of evidence 4. Regarding design, seven studies were cross-sectional. 14 of the total (93.3%) addressed Influenza vaccines. The studies were split in two categories: management strategies and barriers of adherence to vaccination among healthcare workers. Conclusion: Several studies agreed that, in order to overcome barriers of adherence to vaccination among healthcare workers, it is important to intensify strategies and campaigns focused on communicating and disseminating health education. Those strategies can be disseminated and replicated in different contexts of occupational health services. This study contributes to advancing and strengthening the use of occupational vaccination management strategies. (AU)

Objetivo: Identificar las estrategias utilizadas para la gestión de inmunobiológicos y las limitaciones para la adherencia a las vacunas por trabajadores de la salud. Métodos: Revisión integradora que seleccionó publicaciones en cinco bases de datos, utilizando la estrategia PICo, en el período de 2016 a 2020. Se utilizó el software Endnote X5 y Rayyan para identificar documentos duplicados y cegar a los evaluadores. Resultados: Un total de 15 artículos, uno de los cuales fue clasificado como de alto grado de recomendación y 10 artículos con nivel de evidencia 4, en relación al diseño, se encontraron siete estudios transversales. Se encontró que 14 (93,3%) abordaron la inmunobiología frente al virus Influenza. Los estudios se agruparon en dos categorías para una mejor organización de las estrategias de gestión y las limitaciones en la adherencia a las vacunas por parte de los trabajadores de la salud. Conclusión: Se observó como factor de concordancia en varios estudios para superar las barreras de la vacilación vacunal, es importante intensificar las campañas de comunicación y difusión, enfocadas en acciones de educación en salud. Estas estrategias pueden difundirse y replicarse en diferentes contextos de los servicios de salud ocupacional. Este estudio contribuye a avanzar y fortalecer el uso de estrategias de gestión de la vacunación en la salud del trabajador. (AU)

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In occupational medicine, evidence-based practices are essential for assessing the accuracy, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of any technologies used in health programs. This opinion article reflects on the use of imaging tests to screen for workers at risk of low back pain disability and to recommend avoiding tasks that involve high biomechanical risk. The limitations of such testing are discussed through basic epidemiological concepts and evidence collected from systematic reviews.

A aplicação da saúde baseada em evidências publicadas ou locais na prática da medicina do trabalho é essencial para avaliação da acurácia, efetividade e custo-efetividade de quaisquer tecnologias de saúde implementadas no programa de saúde ocupacional. Neste artigo de opinião, os autores refletem sobre o uso de exames de imagem para detecção precoce de trabalhadores com maior risco de adoecimento por dor lombar associada a inaptidão para atuar em atividades com maior risco ocupacional biomecânico de dorsalgia. As limitações dessa prática são discutidas por meio de conceitos básicos da epidemiologia e evidências publicadas preferencialmente em revisões sistemáticas. Não recomendamos a sua utilização para os objetivos ocupacionais citados neste artigo.

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Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los trabajadores que son parte de la vigilancia médica ocupacional de un servicio de seguridad y salud en el trabajo. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, longitudinal de un grupo de trabajadores diagnosticados con COVID-19 que estuvieron bajo vigilancia médico-ocupacional del 18 de marzo al 31 de julio del 2020. Se analizó la información con el software estadístico Stata(R) 15.0. Resultados: El género masculino fue el más afectado, con el 77,16 %, y comprendió al grupo etario de 20 a 39 años, con el 63,30 %. Por otro lado, la ausencia de comorbilidades fue del 81,11 %; sin embargo, el 18,9 % restante presentó una o más comorbilidades, y la más frecuente fue la obesidad, con el 61,95 %, seguida del asma, con un 11,09 %. El dolor de garganta y la tos fueron los síntomas más frecuentes, con un 20,67 % y un 19,78 %, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La población estudiada fue predominantemente adulta joven, del sexo masculino, sin comorbilidades, que no presentó ningún síntoma predominante ni necesitó hospitalización.

Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of workers kept under occupational medical surveillance conducted by an occupational safety and health service. Materials and methods: An observational, descriptive, retrospective, longitudinal study of a group of workers diagnosed with COVID-19 kept under occupational medical surveillance from March 18 to July 31, 2020. The data was analyzed using the Stata Statistical Software: Release 15. Results: Males were more severely affected than females (77.16 %), among which the 20- to 39-year-old age group prevailed (63.30 %). On the other hand, study subjects with no comorbidities accounted for 81.11 %. However, the remaining 18.9 % presented one or more comorbidities, with obesity being the most frequent one (61.95 %), followed by asthma (11.09 %). Sore throat and cough were the most common symptoms with 20.67 % and 19.78 %, respectively. Conclusions: The study population mainly consisted of young male adults with no comorbidities, who neither showed predominant symptoms nor required hospitalization.

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ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze the impact of a Hearing Conservation Program on occupational noise-induced hearing loss in a metallurgical plant. Methods: a longitudinal case study (2003-2018) was carried out and a Hearing Conservation Program assessed with interviews and document verification. The assessment also included 2,350 audiometric examinations and occupational noise exposure of 152 Hearing Conservation Program - participating employees, collecting the data from the company's database. Results: high compliance indices regarding occupational noise -induced hearing loss - prevention Hearing Conservation Program practices were found between 2003 and 2018. The comparison between 2018 and 2003 showed a reduced number of workers exposed to noise at 85 dB(A) or above. The final prevalence of audiometric changes suggestive of occupational noise-induced hearing loss that remained in degree I differed from the initial one in the period. The high Hearing Conservation Program percentages and low occupational noise-induced hearing loss indicators point to an inverse relationship between them. Conclusion: the results suggest a positive impact of a Hearing Conservation Program on occupational noise-induced hearing loss in this metallurgical plant, in the period studied.

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Few reports have shared the workflows to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infections among risk groups, including healthcare workers (HCWs). This study describes an occupational health program implemented to reduce the incidence of COVID-19 and establishes a back-to-work algorithm in HCWs of 129 Salud Digna outpatient care clinics in Mexico. This program was composed of training plans, screening SARS-CoV-2 infections, the containment of infections, follow-up COVID-19 cases, and continuing supervision in addition to the steady supply and training for the correct use of PPE. From 16 April 2020 to 15 April 2021, 7376 individuals were enrolled, of which 423 were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria or refused the follow-up. In the cohort studied, we found a COVID-19 incidence of 35.4% (2610 individuals), lower hospitalization (0.11%), ICU (0.04%) and lethality rate (0.04%). Additionally, 85.9% of COVID-19 cases tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 after 14 days of the first positive test with an average isolation time of 26-33 days. Finally, 99% of people received personal protective equipment and adequate training to use it. Our results show that the program implemented reduced the hospitalization ICU admission and lethality in HCWs; we consider this workflow to help other workplaces offer safe conditions for HCWs and patients.

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Aim:Analyze the resources related to welfare in retirement of employees of a public university institution. Methods:This was a cross-sectional, analytical-descriptive study conducted at a public university institution in the South ofBrazil, with 295 employees. Data was collected in the months between August and October 2017. The mean values of responses of each domain of the Inventory of Resources for Retirement were calculated. Bivariate analysis was performed to identify the correlations between the domains of the instrument by means of the Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: The majority of the participants belonged to the technical-administrative or operational category (56.9%), professors (43.1%), and post-graduate students (67.2%). The employees presented the highest deficits related to financial resources. Analysis among the constructs of the instrument demonstrated weak to moderate correlations among all the domains (R2 ranged from 0.175 ­0.566 / p-value=0.000). Conclusion: The resources related to welfare in retirement, which were approached in this study, showed correlation among them, indicating the need to implement interdisciplinary strategies with regard to preparation for retirement, with the purpose of promoting a successful post-career for employees.

Objetivo: Analisar a correlação dos recursos relacionados ao bem-estar na aposentadoria de trabalhadores de instituição universitária pública. Métodos: Estudo transversal, analítico-descritivo, desenvolvido em uma instituição universitária pública do sul do Brasil, com 295 trabalhadores. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre os meses de agosto a outubro de 2017. Foram calculadas as médias das respostas de cada domínio do Inventário de Recursos para a Aposentadoria. Realizou-se a análise bivariada para identificar as correlações entre os domínios do instrumento por meio do coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes pertencia à categoria técnico-administrativa ou operacional (56,9%) e docentes (43,1%), pós-graduados (67,2%). Os trabalhadores apresentaram maiores déficits relacionados ao recurso financeiro. A análise entre os constructos do instrumento demonstrou correlações de fraca à moderada entre todos os domínios (R2 variou de 0,175 ­ 0,566 / p-valor=0,000). Conclusão: Os recursos relacionados ao bem-estar na aposentadoria, abordados neste estudo, possuem correlação entre si, indicando a necessidade de implementar estratégias interdisciplinares de preparação para a aposentadoria, a fim de promover ao trabalhador uma pós-carreira bem-sucedida.

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RESUMEN Objetivos Comprobar el efecto de un programa de pausa activa más folletos informativos, en la disminución de molestias musculoesqueléticas en trabajadores administrativos de una institución pública de Lima, Perú. Materiales y métodos Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental con grupo control, no aleatorizado, en dos sedes en una institución pública. El grupo intervención (n=135) recibió folletos informativos una vez por semana, adicionalmente realizó el programa de pausas activas supervisadas, las cuales consistían en ejercicios de respiración, estiramiento y calentamiento. El grupo control (n=127) solo recibió folletos informativos una vez por semana. Se midió la frecuencia e intensidad de molestias musculoesqueléticas en los últimos siete días. Resultados La edad promedio fue 38 años. Los segmentos más afectados fueron el cuello y dorso lumbar. El grupo intervención redujo 20% la frecuencia de molestias musculoesqueléticas en cuello en los últimos siete días (p<0,001) y 17% en la zona dorso lumbar (p<0,001), el grupo control solo redujo la frecuencia en la zona dorso lumbar (p=0,029). Respecto a intensidad del dolor, el grupo de intervención tuvo mayor disminución en todos los segmentos evaluados (p<0,05). Conclusiones Las pausas activas supervisadas más folletos informativos lograron disminuir las molestias musculoesqueléticas en trabajadores administrativos. Por ello, puede ser implementado en otras instituciones públicas o privadas.

ABSTRACT Objectives To assess the effect of work pauses combined with information leaflets on the reduction of musculoskeletal pain in administrative workers of a public institution in Lima, Peru. Materials and methods This quasi-experimental study was conducted in two offices of a public institution and included an intervention group and a non-randomized control group. The intervention group (n = 135) was provided with information leaflets once a week, in addition to a program of rest pauses consisting of breathing exercises, stretching, and encouragement. The control group (n = 127) received information leaflets once a week. To assess outcomes, the rate and intensity of musculoskeletal pain over the previous 7 days were measured. Results The mean age of participants was 38 years. The most affected body regions were the neck and lumbar spine. In the intervention group, the rate of musculoskeletal pain was reduced by 20% in the neck (p<0.001) and 17% in the lumbar spine (p<0.001) over the previous 7 days. In the control group, the rate of musculoskeletal pain was decreased only in the lumbar spine (p=0.029). The intervention group reported less pain in all evaluated body regions (p<0.05). Conclusions Rest pauses combined with information leaflets resulted in decreased musculoskeletal pain in administrative workers, indicating that this strategy can be implemented in public and private institutions.

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Objetivo:Determinar la percepción de trabajadores de distintos sectores empresariales de Colombia sobre los factores psicosociales presentes en su entorno laboral y la relación entre los factores psicosociales nocivos y los síntomas subjetivos y alteraciones de la salud. Materiales y métodos: Estudio no experimental, transversal y cuantitativo. Participaron 370 trabajadores, de diferentes sectores empresariales de Colombia (Centro-Oriente, Suroc-cidente y región Caribe). Instrumento: batería para el estudio de las condiciones de trabajo de carácter psicosocial(CTCPS-MAC), validada para población iberoamericana, permite evaluar cuatro dimensiones: Contexto de trabajo, Contenido de trabajo, Factores individuales y Desgaste psíquico e incluye catorce factores psicosociales. Los datos se analizaron con IBM SPSS statistics 21. Se realizó análisis bivariado y regresión logística multivariante de factores psicosociales nocivos y desgaste psíquico. Resultados:Los factores formación, baja médica, contexto de trabajo, contenido de trabajo y factores individuales están asociados en este estudio con desgaste psíquico. El contexto de trabajo es la variable que infiere mayor riesgo (p=0.000; Exp (B)= 5.355) para provocar desgaste psíquico, seguida de la formación técnica o superior y del contenido del trabajo. Conclusiones: Si bien aquellos trabajadores cuya percepción nociva del contexto de trabajo (interrelación trabajo-vida familiar/personal, cultura de la organización, gestión de la empresa, etc.), del contenido de trabajo (concepción tareas, carga y ritmo de trabajo, etc.) y los que tienen formación técnica o superior tienen mayor probabilidad de padecer desgaste psíquico, se observan aspectos positivos de las condiciones de trabajo psicosocial y su influencia en los trabajadores y en las organizaciones.

Objective: Determine the perception of workers in different business sectors in Colombia, on psychosocial factors that are present in their work environment and the relationship between negative psychosocial factors and subjective symptoms and health disorders. Materials and methods: Non-experimental, cross-sectional and quantitative study. 370 employees participated from different business sectors in Colombia (Central East, Southwestern, and Caribbean Region). Instruments: battery for the study of working conditions of psychosocial character (CTCPS-MAC) validated in Latin American population, which allows evaluating four dimensions: work context, work content, individual factors and psychological exhaustion and includes fourteen psychosocial factors. Data was analyzed with IBM SPSS statistics 21. It was performed a bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression of adverse psychosocial factors and psychological exhaustion. Results: Factors formation, sick leave, work context, work content and individual factors are associated in this study with psychological exhaustion. The work context is the variable that infers increased risk (p = 0.000, Exp (B) = 5.355) to cause psychological exhaustion, followed by technical or higher education and work content. Conclusions: Although those workers with a noxious perception of work context (interrelation between work and family and personal life, organizational culture, company management, etc.), content of work (tasks content, load and work rate, etc.), and those with technical or higher education, have more probability to suffer psychological exhaustion, positive aspects of psychosocial work conditions and their impact on workers and organizations are observed.

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Absenteeism is determined as an absence from work, resulting in the decrease of the company's production and, consequentially, causing profit reduction. The employer must follow closely the employees' quality of life, assuring that they perform all their tasks effectively. Dental health is directly connected to the employee's general health status and cannot be put aside when trying to assure complete physical and mental well being of an individual. AIM: To analyze pre-employment exams of a military company in order to identify, among all the reasons for exclusion, dental problems that ultimately resulted prevented hiring of job applicants. METHODS: Information was collected in 2008 from the dental files of the Health Department archives, which contained data referring to the candidates applying for a specific position and permitted and analytical study of the reasons for exclusion, based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). RESULTS: 10.24% (720) of the candidates, from a total of 7,029, were excluded for dental reasons, namely dental cavitation, 2.8% (197), and pulpal and periapical diseases, 3.14% (221). CONCLUSIONS: Aside from being limited, the results of this study suggest that dental problems influence a great deal on the quality of life of employees that are able for work, and, that being said, should be managed closely to reduce absenteeism in the workplace.

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Apresenta-se neste estudo a descrição da experiência de saúde do trabalhador no Município de Piracicaba-SP e as propostas de vigilância com ênfase nos acidentes do trabalho graves. O texto representa o esforço coletivo da equipe em sua atuação. Ele mostra a importância de ações interinstitucionais, a parceria entre o Programa de Saúde do Trabalhador - SUS, com membros do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego (MTE), a integração do serviço com as universidades e com representantes da sociedade civil, na proteção e promoção da saúde. Os dados das Comunicações de Acidentes do Trabalho (CAT) processados em 1997 serviram de base para o planejamento das atividades e mostram que o município possui uma proporção de incidência anual de 5,43 acidentes e doenças do trabalho para 100 trabalhadores expostos (regidos pela Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho - CLT), bem acima da média nacional de 1,62 por 100, ano base de 1996. A rede local de prontos-socorros atende a cerca de 60% dos Acidentes e Doenças Profissionais, o que mostra a importância das ações preventivas do setor público, neste contexto. Propõe-se um sistema de vigilância aos acidentes graves e fatais, nos moldes de eventos sentinela, que inclui um sistema de comunicação, a busca ativa de casos e o registro das ocorrências na rede de pronto atendimento e ações ou negociações coletivas setoriais para prevenção dos riscos mais relevantes.

This study describes a worker's health experience in Piracicaba city and proposes surveillance actions with an emphasis on severe work-related accidents. This text represents our collective work as a team. It reveals the importance of interinstitutional actions in prevention and health promotion, such as: the partnership among the Worker's Health Program of the Unified Health System - SUS, with members of the Ministry of Labour, and the integration of health services with the universities and representatives of the community. Data of the Work Related Accident Register (CAT) of 1997, served as the basis for planning the activities and showed an annual incidence of 5,43 work-related accidents and occupational diseases per 100 exposed workers, much more than the National average (1,62 per 100) registered in 1996. The local emergency services assist about 60% of work-related accidents and professional diseases, showing the importance of these health problems and the potential impact of local preventive actions and workers' health promotion. A sentinel surveillance system for severe occupational accidents is proposed, which would include an information system, active search and reporting of the cases at the local emergency services. Another aspect proposed is the actions or collective negotiations for risk prevention.

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