RESUMEN
Intense exposure to UVB radiation incites excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation. The resolution of inflammation is an active process orchestrated by a family of lipid molecules that includes AT-RvD1, a specialized proresolving lipid mediator (SPM). AT-RvD1 is derived from omega-3, which presents anti-inflammatory activity and reduces oxidative stress markers. The present work aims to investigate the protective effect of AT-RvD1 on UVB-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in hairless mice. Animals were first treated with 30, 100, and 300 pg/animal AT-RvD1 (i.v.) and then exposed to UVB (4.14 J/cm2). The results showed that 300 pg/animal of AT-RvD1 could restrict skin edema, neutrophil and mast cell infiltration, COX-2 mRNA expression, cytokine release, and MMP-9 activity and restore skin antioxidant capacity as per FRAP and ABTS assays and control O2â¢- production, lipoperoxidation, epidermal thickening, and sunburn cells development. AT-RvD1 could reverse the UVB-induced downregulation of Nrf2 and its downstream targets GSH, catalase, and NOQ-1. Our results suggest that by upregulating the Nrf2 pathway, AT-RvD1 promotes the expression of ARE genes, restoring the skin's natural antioxidant defense against UVB exposition to avoid oxidative stress, inflammation, and tissue damage.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Aspirina , Animales , Ratones , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Aspirina/farmacología , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Inflamación , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/farmacología , Rayos UltravioletaRESUMEN
El pioderma gangrenoso es una enfermedad inflamatoria, poco común, de etilogía desconocida, caracterizada por la infiltración neutrófila estéril de la dermis, que puede o no estar asociada con enfermedades sistémicas. Su descripción clásica es la presencia de una o más lesiones ulceradas cutáneas, dolorosas, de aspecto infeccioso, bordes irregulares, socavados y con una desmesurada respuesta al trauma local denominado patergia. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 58 años de edad, con lesiones en piel de dos meses de evolución y varios tratamientos previos sin mejorar. Al ser reevaluada, fue diagnosticado y tratado su caso como un pioderma gangrenoso con evolución satisfactoria.
Pyoderma gangrenosum is a rare inflammatory disease of unknown etiology characterized by sterile neutrophilic infiltration of the dermis, which may or may not be associated with systemic disease. Its classic description is the presence of one or more ulcerated skin lesions, painful, with an infectious appearance, irregular edges, undermined and with an excessive response to local trauma called pathergy. The case of a 58-years-old patient is presented, with skin lesions of two months' evolution and several previous treatments without improvement. Upon reassessment, her case was diagnosed and treated as pyoderma gangrenosum with satisfactory evolution.
RESUMEN
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced enteropathy is considered a serious and increasing clinical problem without available treatment. Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is a 64-amino acid peptide derived from milk κ-casein with numerous biological activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of GMP on NSAID enteropathy in rats. Enteropathy was induced by seven days oral indomethacin administration. Rats were orally GMP treated from seven days previous and during the establishment of the enteropathy model. Changes in metabolism, hematological and biochemical blood alterations, intestinal inflammation and oxidative damage were analyzed. Integrity barrier markers, macroscopic intestinal damage and survival rate were also evaluated. GMP treatment prevented anorexia and weight loss in animals. Furthermore, prophylaxis with GMP ameliorated the decline in hemoglobin, hematocrit, albumin and total protein levels. The treatment had no therapeutic efficacy on the decrease of occludin and mucin (MUC)-2 expression in intestinal tissue. However, GMP markedly decreased neutrophil infiltration, and CXCL1, interleukin-1ß and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. Nitric oxide production and lipid hydroperoxide level in the small intestine were also diminished. These beneficial effects were mirrored by preventing ulcer development and increasing animal survival. These results suggest that GMP may protect against NSAID enteropathy through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Asunto(s)
Caseínas/química , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Fragmentos de Péptidos/química , Enteropatías Perdedoras de Proteínas/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Caseínas/farmacología , Quimiocina CXCL1/genética , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Indometacina/toxicidad , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Inflamación/complicaciones , Inflamación/patología , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Mucosa Intestinal , Proteínas de la Leche/química , Proteínas de la Leche/farmacología , Mucina 2/genética , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/genética , Fragmentos de Péptidos/farmacología , Enteropatías Perdedoras de Proteínas/inducido químicamente , Enteropatías Perdedoras de Proteínas/complicaciones , Enteropatías Perdedoras de Proteínas/genética , RatasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Although Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS) can benefit the immune status, the effects of LcS in the immune/inflammatory responses of marathon runners has never been evaluated. Therefore, here we evaluated the effect of daily ingestion of fermented milk containing or not LcS in the systemic and upper airway immune/inflammatory responses before and after a marathon. METHODS: Forty-two male marathon runners ingested a fermented milk containing 40 billion of LcS/day (LcS group, n = 20) or placebo (unfermented milk, n = 22) during 30 days pre-marathon. Immune/inflammatory parameters in nasal mucosa and serum, as well as concentrations of secretory IgA (SIgA) and antimicrobial peptides in saliva, were evaluated before and after fermented milk ingestion, immediately, 72 h, and 14 d post-marathon. RESULTS: Higher proinflammatory cytokine levels in serum and nasal mucosa, and also lower salivary levels of SIgA and antimicrobial peptides, were found immediately post-marathon in the placebo group compared to other time points and to LcS group. In opposite, higher anti-inflammatory levels and reduced neutrophil infiltration on nasal mucosa were found in the LcS group compared to other time points and to the placebo group. CONCLUSION: For the first time, it is shown that LcS is able to modulate the systemic and airways immune responses post-marathon.
Asunto(s)
Inflamación/prevención & control , Lacticaseibacillus casei/clasificación , Sistema Respiratorio/inmunología , Carrera , Adulto , Péptidos Catiónicos Antimicrobianos/química , Péptidos Catiónicos Antimicrobianos/metabolismo , Productos Lácteos Cultivados , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina A/química , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Saliva/químicaRESUMEN
Abstract: Sweet's syndrome is an uncommon benign skin disorder, whose pathogenesis remains unknown. Its classic form is more common in women and presents itself as papular-nodular, painful and erythematous or violaceous lesions. It mainly affects the face, neck, and upper limbs. Fever and neutrophilic leukocytosis are also common features. Although it is considered a systemic disease marker in more than half of patients, the association of this condition with Crohn's disease is rare, with few cases reported in the literature, of which, none in Brazil. We report the case of a patient with Crohn's disease who developed the classical features of Sweet's syndrome.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Enfermedad de Crohn/complicaciones , Síndrome de Sweet/complicaciones , Enfermedades de la Piel/patología , Enfermedad de Crohn/patología , Síndrome de Sweet/patologíaRESUMEN
Abstract: Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (EPF) or Ofuji disease is a rare dermatosis, prone to recurrence and chronicity. The peak incidence occurs in the third decade of life and its exact etiology remains unknown. Evidence suggests that the expression of adhesion molecules and the production of cytokines activate the follicular unit, but the stimulus that triggers these changes remains unclear. The three clinical variants reported in the literature include classic EPF, immunosuppression-associated EPF, and infancy-associated EPF. We report a case of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis with peculiar epidemiological characteristics, which represents a challenging therapeutic scenario.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Complicaciones del Embarazo , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/uso terapéutico , Indometacina/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Cutáneas Vesiculoampollosas/tratamiento farmacológico , Eosinofilia/tratamiento farmacológico , Foliculitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Recurrencia , Embarazo , Enfermedades Cutáneas Vesiculoampollosas/complicaciones , Enfermedades Cutáneas Vesiculoampollosas/patología , Eosinofilia/complicaciones , Eosinofilia/patología , Foliculitis/complicaciones , Foliculitis/patología , Granulocitos/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Diabetes alters innate and specific immunity, causing an imbalanced tissue repair process. Very active neutrophils and macrophages are found for a long time in chronic wounds in those individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of the main effector cells of immunity (neutrophils, macrophages, and T lymphocytes) and to compare the effects of two laser therapy regimens in the postoperative treatment of excision wounds. METHOD: Diabetes was induced in female Wistar rats and a punch was used to cause wounds in the dorsum of each individual. The animals were randomly allocated to a control group (CG), in which the wound was untreated, a single-dose laser group (SLG), in which the wound was submitted to single dose of laser therapy at wavelength of 660 nm, output power of 30 mW, energy density of 4 J/cm(2), and 26-second exposure time, and a fractionated-dose laser group (FLG), submitted to 1 J/cm(2) of laser therapy on Days 1, 3, 8, and 10. Euthanasia was performed on five animals from each group Days 1, 3, 8, 10, 15, and 22. The wound was removed and routinely processed for immunohistochemistry against elastase, CD3, CD68, and CD206 antibodies. The samples were photographed and labeled cells were counted by a blinded observer. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: Neutrophils were predominant in the SLG on Day 1, whereas these cells were mostly found in the CG on Day 3 (P < 0.05). The T lymphocyte count was similar in all groups in the throughout the experiment. On Day 3, the SLG exhibited a greater number of total macrophages (CD68+) (P < 0.05), whereas the macrophage count was similar among the different groups on the other evaluation days. The CD206 + cell counts revealed that the SLG had more M2 macrophages than the CG on Day 8 (P < 0.05), whereas the FLG exhibited more M2 macrophages than the CG on Day 10 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The present findings demonstrate that laser therapy can alter the composition of inflammatory infiltrate in diabetic wounds, leading to a more balanced response transiting from a rapid neutrophil infiltration through to M2 macrophage polarization, especially with a single application of 4 J/cm(2) in the immediate postoperative period.
Asunto(s)
Terapia por Láser , Macrófagos/inmunología , Macrófagos/efectos de la radiación , Neutrófilos/inmunología , Neutrófilos/efectos de la radiación , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Linfocitos T/efectos de la radiación , Cicatrización de Heridas/inmunología , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de la radiación , Animales , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Femenino , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of curcumin in the acute phase of zymosan-induced arthritis. METHODS: Twenty-eight male rats were subjected to intra-articular infiltration of zymosan of both knees and, in four the infiltration was made with saline. The animals were divided into five groups second received every six hours by gavage: corn oil by (positive and negative control); curcumin (100 mg/kg); prednisone 1 mg/kg/day; prednisone 8 mg/kg. All animals were sacrificed after six, 12, 24 and 48 hours of the infiltration. The knees were removed for evaluation of neutrophil infiltration. The number of neutrophils was counted by computer-assisted analysis of the images. The neutrophil infiltrate was stratified into four grades: 0 = normal; + = mild; ++/+++ = moderate; > ++++ = severe. The results were compared using the Mann-Whitney test and the variance by Kruskal-Wallis test adopting a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). RESULTS: Curcumin reduces inflammatory activity in the first six hours after zymosan-induced arthritis when compared to saline (p<0.01). This was also observed in animals subjected to administration of prednisone (1 mg/kg) and those treated with prednisone (8 mg/kg). Curcumin was more effective than lower doses of prednisone in the first six hours after induction of the arthritis. After 12, 24 and 48 hours, curcumin does not have the same anti-inflammatory effects when compared to prednisone. After 48 hours, prednisone is more effective than curcumin in reducing the inflammatory infiltrate regardless of the dose of prednisone used. CONCLUSION: Oral administration of curcumin reduces inflammation in the first six hours after experimentally zymosan-induced arthritis. .
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/administración & dosificación , Artritis Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Curcumina/administración & dosificación , Infiltración Neutrófila/efectos de los fármacos , Administración Oral , Artritis Experimental/inducido químicamente , Artritis Experimental/patología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Neutrófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Prednisolona/administración & dosificación , Ratas Wistar , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , ZimosanRESUMEN
PURPOSE:To evaluate the effect of curcumin in the acute phase of zymosan-induced arthritis.METHODS:Twenty-eight male rats were subjected to intra-articular infiltration of zymosan of both knees and, in four the infiltration was made with saline. The animals were divided into five groups second received every six hours by gavage: corn oil by (positive and negative control); curcumin (100 mg/kg); prednisone 1 mg/kg/day; prednisone 8 mg/kg. All animals were sacrificed after six, 12, 24 and 48 hours of the infiltration. The knees were removed for evaluation of neutrophil infiltration. The number of neutrophils was counted by computer-assisted analysis of the images. The neutrophil infiltrate was stratified into four grades: 0 = normal; + = mild; ++/+++ = moderate; > ++++ = severe. The results were compared using the Mann-Whitney test and the variance by Kruskal-Wallis test adopting a significance level of 5% (p<0.05).RESULTS:Curcumin reduces inflammatory activity in the first six hours after zymosan-induced arthritis when compared to saline (p<0.01). This was also observed in animals subjected to administration of prednisone (1 mg/kg) and those treated with prednisone (8 mg/kg). Curcumin was more effective than lower doses of prednisone in the first six hours after induction of the arthritis. After 12, 24 and 48 hours, curcumin does not have the same anti-inflammatory effects when compared to prednisone. After 48 hours, prednisone is more effective than curcumin in reducing the inflammatory infiltrate regardless of the dose of prednisone used.CONCLUSION:Oral administration of curcumin reduces inflammation in the first six hours after experimentally zymosan-induced arthritis.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Ratas , Curcumina/administración & dosificación , Curcumina/uso terapéutico , Neutrófilos , Artritis Experimental/terapia , Artritis Experimental/veterinaria , Administración Oral , ZimosanRESUMEN
Introduction: the gastric mucosa is susceptible to the effects of aggressive factors, which are counterbalanced by mucosal defensive factors. Acid peptic diseases result from the imbalance between these aggressive and defensive factors. Aspirin-induced ulcer is a model of NSAIDs-induced damage in which neutrophil infiltration plays a key role. Objective: this paper investigates the protective effect of D-002 against aspirin-induced ulcers and associated neutrophil infiltration in the gastric mucosa. Methods: rats were randomized into six groups of 8 rats each. A negative vehicle control, and five aspirin (300 mg/kg)-treated groups: a positive control, orally treated with the vehicle, three with D-002 (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively) and other with 10 mg/kg Omeprazole. Five hours after induced damage the rats were sacrificed. The stomachs were removed and opened, and lesions examined macroscopically and microscopically. Ulcer indexes and neutrophil infiltration per ulcer areas were measured. Results: all positive, none negative, controls exhibited aspirin-induced ulcers. Oral treatment with D-002 (25-100 mg/kg) dose-dependently and significantly reduced aspirin-induced gastric lesions (37 to 75 ), the mean number of microscopic ulcers (40 to 72 por ciento) and neutrophil infiltration (41.7 to 83.1 por ciento) in the rat gastric mucosa. Conclusion: Oral treatment with D-002 (25-100 mg/kg) effectively protects against aspirin-induced ulcers and decreases the neutrophil infiltration in the gastric mucosa induced by aspirin ulceration(AU)
Introducción: la integridad de la mucosa gástrica depende del balance entre los factores agresivos y defensivos. La úlcera inducida por aspirina es un modelo de daño por antiinflamatorios no esteroidales en el cual el infiltrado de neutrófilos desempeña una función fundamental. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto protector del D-002 sobre la úlcera inducida por aspirina asociada al infiltrado de neutrófilos en la mucosa gástrica. Métodos: las ratas fueron aleatorizadas en seis grupos de ocho animales cada uno. Un control negativo con vehículo y cinco grupos tratados con aspirina (300 mg/kg): un control positivo, tratado por vía oral con vehículo, tres grupos con D-002 (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg respectivamente) y otro con omeprazol 10 mg/kg. Cinco horas después de inducido el daño las ratas fueron sacrificadas y se extrajeron sus estómagos para su análisis morfológico. Se determinó el índice de úlcera, el número de úlceras microscópicas y el número de neutrófilos por área ulcerada. Resultados: todos los controles positivos y ninguno negativo mostraron lesiones en la mucosa. El tratamiento por vía oral con D-002 (25-100 mg/kg) redujo de modo significativo y dependiente de la dosis el índice de úlceras gástricas (37-75 percent), el promedio de úlceras microscópicas (40- 72 percent) y la infiltración de neutrófilos (41,7-83,1 percent) en la mucosa de las ratas. Conclusiones: el tratamiento por vía oral con D-002 (25-100 mg/kg) protege la mucosa gástrica de las ratas del daño inducido por aspirina, lo que disminuye el índice de úlcera y el infiltrado de neutrófilos(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Ratas , Aspirina/efectos adversos , Úlcera Gástrica/etiología , Infiltración NeutrófilaRESUMEN
Introduction: the gastric mucosa is susceptible to the effects of aggressive factors, which are counterbalanced by mucosal defensive factors. Acid peptic diseases result from the imbalance between these aggressive and defensive factors. Aspirin-induced ulcer is a model of NSAIDs-induced damage in which neutrophil infiltration plays a key role. Objective: this paper investigates the protective effect of D-002 against aspirin-induced ulcers and associated neutrophil infiltration in the gastric mucosa. Methods: rats were randomized into six groups of 8 rats each. A negative vehicle control, and five aspirin (300 mg/kg)-treated groups: a positive control, orally treated with the vehicle, three with D-002 (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively) and other with 10 mg/kg Omeprazole. Five hours after induced damage the rats were sacrificed. The stomachs were removed and opened, and lesions examined macroscopically and microscopically. Ulcer indexes and neutrophil infiltration per ulcer areas were measured. Results: all positive, none negative, controls exhibited aspirin-induced ulcers. Oral treatment with D-002 (25-100 mg/kg) dose-dependently and significantly reduced aspirin-induced gastric lesions (37 to 75 ), the mean number of microscopic ulcers (40 to 72 por ciento) and neutrophil infiltration (41.7 to 83.1 por ciento) in the rat gastric mucosa. Conclusion: Oral treatment with D-002 (25-100 mg/kg) effectively protects against aspirin-induced ulcers and decreases the neutrophil infiltration in the gastric mucosa induced by aspirin ulceration
Introducción: la integridad de la mucosa gástrica depende del balance entre los factores agresivos y defensivos. La úlcera inducida por aspirina es un modelo de daño por antiinflamatorios no esteroidales en el cual el infiltrado de neutrófilos desempeña una función fundamental. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto protector del D-002 sobre la úlcera inducida por aspirina asociada al infiltrado de neutrófilos en la mucosa gástrica. Métodos: las ratas fueron aleatorizadas en seis grupos de ocho animales cada uno. Un control negativo con vehículo y cinco grupos tratados con aspirina (300 mg/kg): un control positivo, tratado por vía oral con vehículo, tres grupos con D-002 (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg respectivamente) y otro con omeprazol 10 mg/kg. Cinco horas después de inducido el daño las ratas fueron sacrificadas y se extrajeron sus estómagos para su análisis morfológico. Se determinó el índice de úlcera, el número de úlceras microscópicas y el número de neutrófilos por área ulcerada. Resultados: todos los controles positivos y ninguno negativo mostraron lesiones en la mucosa. El tratamiento por vía oral con D-002 (25-100 mg/kg) redujo de modo significativo y dependiente de la dosis el índice de úlceras gástricas (37-75 percent), el promedio de úlceras microscópicas (40- 72 percent) y la infiltración de neutrófilos (41,7-83,1 percent) en la mucosa de las ratas. Conclusiones: el tratamiento por vía oral con D-002 (25-100 mg/kg) protege la mucosa gástrica de las ratas del daño inducido por aspirina, lo que disminuye el índice de úlcera y el infiltrado de neutrófilos
Asunto(s)
Ratas , Aspirina/efectos adversos , Infiltración Neutrófila , Úlcera Gástrica/etiologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of mechanical ventilation (MV) of high-oxygen concentration in pulmonary dysfunction in adult and elderly rats. METHODS: Twenty-eight adult (A) and elderly (E), male rats were ventilated for 1 hour (G-AV1 and G-EV1) or for 3 hours (G-AV3 and G-EV3). A and E groups received a tidal volume of 7 mL/kg, a positive end-expiratory pressure of 5 cm H2O, respiratory rate of 70 cycles per minute, and an inspiratory fraction of oxygen of 1. We evaluated total protein content and malondialdehyde in bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) and performed lung histomorphometrical analyses. RESULTS: In G-EV1 animals, total protein in BAL was higher (33.0±1.9 µg/mL) compared with G-AV1 (23.0±2.0 µg/mL). Upon 180 minutes of MV, malondialdehyde levels increased in elderly (G-EV3) compared with adult (G-AV3) groups. Malondialdehyde and total proteins in BAL after 3 hours of MV were higher in elderly group than in adults. In G-EV3 group we observed alveolar septa dilatation and significative increase in neutrofiles number in relation to adult group at 60 and 180 minutes on MV. CONCLUSION: A higher fraction of inspired oxygen in short courses of mechanical ventilation ameliorates the parameters studied in elderly lungs.
OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da ventilação mecânica com alta concentração de oxigênio em animais adultos e idosos. MÉTODOS: Vinte e oito ratos machos (adultos e idosos; n=7 por grupo) foram divididos em ventilados por 1 hora (G-AV1 e G-EV1) e ventilados por 3 horas (G-AV3 e G-EV3). Os grupos receberam volume corrente de 7 mL/kg, pressão positive ao final da expiração de 5 cmH2O, frequência respiratória de 70 ciclos por minuto e fração inspirada de oxigênio de 100 por cento. Ao final do experimento avaliamos no lavado brônquio-alveolar as proteínas totais, malondialdeído, celularidade e a histomorfometria do parênquima pulmonar. RESULTADOS: Em animais idosos ventilados por 1 hora (G-EV1) as proteínas totais no lavado brônquio-alveolar aumentaram (33.0±1.9 µg/mL) quando comparados com os adultos (G-AV1; 23.0±2.0 µg/mL). Após 180 minutos de ventilação mecânica os níveis de malondialdeído e as proteínas totais estavam elevadas nos animais idosos (G-EV3) quando comparadas com os adultos (G-AV3; p<0.001). No grupo de animais idosos (G-EV3) observamos ainda dilatação dos septos alveolares e aumento significativo no número de neutrófilos em relação aos adultos ventilados, tanto aos 60 quanto aos 180 minutos de ventilação mecânica (p<0.001). CONCLUSÃO: A ventilação mecânica com alta fração inspirada de oxigênio por um curto período de tempo favoreceu os parâmetros pulmonares estudados nos animais idosos.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Nivel de Oxígeno/efectos adversos , Ratas/clasificación , Envejecimiento , Neutrófilos , Pulmón/anatomía & histologíaRESUMEN
Neste artigo são abordadas as dermatoses neutrofílicas, complementando o artigo anterior (parte I). São apresentadas e comentadas as seguintes dermatoses: pustulose subcórnea de Sneddon-Wilkinson, dermatite crural pustulosa e atrófica, pustulose exantemática generalizada aguda, acroder matite contínua de Hallopeau, pustulose palmoplantar, acropustulose infantil, bacteride pustular de Andrews e foliculite pustulosa eosinofílica. Uma breve revisão das dermatoses neutrofílicas em pacientes pediátricos também é realizada.
This article addresses neutrophilic dermatoses, thus complementing the previous article (part I). The following dermatoses are introduced and discussed: subcorneal pustular dermatosis (Sneddon-Wilkinson disease), dermatitis cruris pustulosa et atrophicans, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, continuous Hallopeau acrodermatitis, palmoplantar pustulosis, infantile acropustulosis, Andrews' pustular bacteride and eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. A brief review of neutrophilic dermatoses in pediatric patients is also conducted.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Neutrófilos , Enfermedades de la Piel , Acrodermatitis/diagnóstico , Acrodermatitis/patología , Acrodermatitis/terapia , Foliculitis/diagnóstico , Foliculitis/patología , Foliculitis/terapia , Psoriasis/diagnóstico , Psoriasis/patología , Psoriasis/terapia , Enfermedades Cutáneas Vesiculoampollosas/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Cutáneas Vesiculoampollosas/patología , Enfermedades Cutáneas Vesiculoampollosas/terapia , Enfermedades de la Piel/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Piel/etiología , Enfermedades de la Piel/patología , Enfermedades de la Piel/terapiaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of mechanical ventilation (MV) of high-oxygen concentration in pulmonary dysfunction in adult and elderly rats. METHODS: Twenty-eight adult (A) and elderly (E), male rats were ventilated for 1 hour (G-AV1 and G-EV1) or for 3 hours (G-AV3 and G-EV3). A and E groups received a tidal volume of 7 mL/kg, a positive end-expiratory pressure of 5 cm H2O, respiratory rate of 70 cycles per minute, and an inspiratory fraction of oxygen of 1. We evaluated total protein content and malondialdehyde in bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) and performed lung histomorphometrical analyses. RESULTS: In G-EV1 animals, total protein in BAL was higher (33.0±1.9 µg/mL) compared with G-AV1 (23.0±2.0 µg/mL). Upon 180 minutes of MV, malondialdehyde levels increased in elderly (G-EV3) compared with adult (G-AV3) groups. Malondialdehyde and total proteins in BAL after 3 hours of MV were higher in elderly group than in adults. In G-EV3 group we observed alveolar septa dilatation and significative increase in neutrofiles number in relation to adult group at 60 and 180 minutes on MV. CONCLUSION: A higher fraction of inspired oxygen in short courses of mechanical ventilation ameliorates the parameters studied in elderly lungs.(AU)
OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da ventilação mecânica com alta concentração de oxigênio em animais adultos e idosos. MÉTODOS: Vinte e oito ratos machos (adultos e idosos; n=7 por grupo) foram divididos em ventilados por 1 hora (G-AV1 e G-EV1) e ventilados por 3 horas (G-AV3 e G-EV3). Os grupos receberam volume corrente de 7 mL/kg, pressão positive ao final da expiração de 5 cmH2O, frequência respiratória de 70 ciclos por minuto e fração inspirada de oxigênio de 100 por cento. Ao final do experimento avaliamos no lavado brônquio-alveolar as proteínas totais, malondialdeído, celularidade e a histomorfometria do parênquima pulmonar. RESULTADOS: Em animais idosos ventilados por 1 hora (G-EV1) as proteínas totais no lavado brônquio-alveolar aumentaram (33.0±1.9 µg/mL) quando comparados com os adultos (G-AV1; 23.0±2.0 µg/mL). Após 180 minutos de ventilação mecânica os níveis de malondialdeído e as proteínas totais estavam elevadas nos animais idosos (G-EV3) quando comparadas com os adultos (G-AV3; p<0.001). No grupo de animais idosos (G-EV3) observamos ainda dilatação dos septos alveolares e aumento significativo no número de neutrófilos em relação aos adultos ventilados, tanto aos 60 quanto aos 180 minutos de ventilação mecânica (p<0.001). CONCLUSÃO: A ventilação mecânica com alta fração inspirada de oxigênio por um curto período de tempo favoreceu os parâmetros pulmonares estudados nos animais idosos.(AU)