RESUMEN
Centuries of historical oppression have targeted and undermined Indigenous foodways, which fundamentally disrupts the culture and wellness, yet decolonized, resilient, and transcendent Indigenist practices persist. The purpose of this research was to use the framework of historical oppression, resilience, and transcendence (FHORT) to understand foodway practices among Indigenous Peoples. Given a limited understanding of how foodways may promote health and wellness the focal research questions for this critical ethnographic inquiry were: (a) How do participants describe Indigenist foodways? (b) How do Indigenist foodways reflect decolonized values and practices? and (c) How may Indigenist foodways be promotive for health and wellness? Data were drawn from 31 participants across a rural, reservation-based Southeast (SE) region and an urban Northwest (NW) region. Reconstructive data analysis revealed the following emergent themes: (a) Indigenous Values of Generosity Expressed Through Foodways: "It's Always About Sharing, and Caring, and Loving, and Giving"; (b) Gardening, Subsistence, and Food Sharing: "You Bring Enough for Everybody to Share"; (c) Decolonized Feasts and Foodways: "Everybody Pitch in and Help as Much as They Can." Despite centuries of historical oppression, participants reported decolonized values, worldviews, and foodways that reflected unity, cooperation, sharing, and social cohesion and caring, which were promotive factors for family resilience, health, and cultural identification. This research provides promising pathways about how Indigenist foodways remain salient in daily and cultural life, reflect decolonized values and practices, and may be promotive for health and wellness within the natural world.
RESUMEN
Indigenous women in the United States are among the most vulnerable to intimate partner violence (IPV), which has reached endemic levels. The purpose of this qualitative inquiry was to understand contextual factors and barriers to becoming liberated from violence. Reconstructive analysis of data from a critical ethnography with a sample of 231 women across two tribes who described IPV relationships identified the following themes: controlling relationships, losing sense of priorities, using children, socioeconomic stress, family pressures, and restricting relationships. Results revealed these tactics, which parallel those used in the patriarchal colonialism of historical oppression, impeded women's liberation from relationships.
Asunto(s)
Violencia de Pareja , Niño , Empleo , Femenino , Humanos , Pueblos Indígenas , Investigación Cualitativa , Estados Unidos , Derechos de la MujerRESUMEN
Intimate partner violence (IPV), early childbearing (ECB) and early marriage (EM) are interconnected to the historical oppression of patriarchal colonialism imposed upon Indigenous peoples throughout the world by colonising nations, such as the UK. The artefacts of colonial oppression persist in both colonising nations and those that have been colonised through social norms of patriarchal oppression perpetuated upon women with far-reaching consequences. Indigenous women of the US experience higher rates of IPV, ECB and EM than any other ethnic group-which pose risks to women's physical, psychological, socioeconomic and educational status. The purpose of this study is to explore Indigenous women's experiences with ECB and EM through a critical ethnography with two US tribes. Through reconstructive analysis the following themes emerged: (i) ECB as a Precursor to Marriage; (ii) Unequal and Overburdened Marriages; (iii) ECB, EM and IPV; and (iv) Continued Harmful Effects of Multiple Abusive Relationships. Indigenous women's experiences of ECB and EM are connected to patriarchal historical oppression that systematically dehumanises and oppresses Indigenous women, who were once treated with respect and esteem. Decolonisation and re-visualisation to promote the status of women and girls are needed to offset women's constrained wellness, socio-political status and safety.
RESUMEN
PURPOSE: The purpose of this systematic review is to examine mental, sociocultural, behavioral, and physical risk and protective factors related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and related outcomes among U.S. Indigenous peoples. METHODS: A total of 51 articles met the inclusion criteria of research focusing factors for CVD among U.S. Indigenous peoples (Mental n= 15; Sociocultural, n =17; Behavioral/Physical, n =19). RESULTS: This review reveals clear risks for CVD, which tended to be elevated for females. Mental health problems (depression, anxiety, PTSD/trauma, alcohol and other drug (AOD) abuse) were clearly associated with CVD, along with enculturation, social support, and the social environment-including discrimination and trauma. Poor diet and obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cholesterol were behavioral or physical factors. DISCUSSION: Overall, identified research was limited and in beginning stages, lacking more information on etiology of the interconnections across sex and the mental, sociocultural, and behavioral determinants of CVD.
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Indio Americano o Nativo de Alaska , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Pueblos Indígenas , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etnología , Diabetes Mellitus/etnología , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertensión/etnología , Masculino , Obesidad/etnología , Factores de Riesgo , Apoyo Social , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
The purpose of this article is to introduce the Family Resilience Inventory (FRI) and present findings on initial efforts to validate this measure. The FRI is designed to assess family resilience in one's current family and in one's family of origin, enabling the assessment of family protective factors across these generations. The development of the FRI was the result of many years of ethnographic research with Southeastern Native American tribes; yet, we believe that this scale is applicable to families of various backgrounds. Items for the FRI were derived directly from thematic analysis of qualitative data with 436 participants, resulting in two 20-item scales. Due to missing data, eight cases were removed from the 127 participants across two tribes, resulting in an analytic sample size of 119. Conceptually, the FRI is comprised of two factors or scales measuring distinct dimensions of family resilience (i.e., resilience in one's current family and resilience in one's family of origin). The results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported the hypothesized two-factor structure (X2 (644) = 814.14, p = .03, X2 /df = 1.10, RMSEA = .03, CFI = .97, TLI = .96). Both the subscales and the total FRI scale (α = .92) demonstrated excellent reliability. The results also provided preliminary evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. This measure fills a gap in the absence of community-based, culturally grounded, and empirical measures of family resilience. The examination of family resilience, which may occur across generations, is an exciting new contribution of the FRI.
El propósito de este artículo es presentar el "Inventario de Resiliencia Familiar" (FRI, por sus siglas en inglés) y los resultados actuales sobre los primeros esfuerzos para validar esta medición. El FRI está diseñado para evaluar la resiliencia familiar en la familia actual de una persona y en la familia de origen de una persona, lo cual permite la evaluación de los factores protectores familiares entre estas generaciones. El desarrollo del FRI fue el resultado de muchos años de investigación etnográfica con tribus amerindias del sudeste; sin embargo, creemos que esta escala puede aplicarse a familias de diferentes orígenes. Los puntos que componen el FRI se obtuvieron directamente de análisis temáticos de datos cualitativos con 436 participantes, cuyo resultado fueron dos escalas de 20 puntos. Debidos a datos faltantes, se extrajeron ocho casos de los 127 participantes entre dos tribus, lo cual resultó en un tamaño de la muestra análitica de 119. Conceptualmente, el FRI está compuesto por dos factores o escalas que miden diferentes dimensiones de resiliencia familiar (p. ej.: la resiliencia en la familia actual de una persona y la resiliencia en la familia de origen de una persona). Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio respaldaron la estructura de dos factores planteada como hipótesis (X2 (644) = 814.14, p = .03, X2 /df = 1.10, RMSEA = .03, CFI = .97, TLI = .96). Tanto las subescalas como la escala total del FRI (α = .92) demostraron una excelente fiabilidad. Los resultados también proporcionaron indicios preliminares de validez convergente y discriminante. Esta medición llena un vacío en ausencia de mediciones de resiliencia familiar comunitarias, basadas en la cultura y en la práctica. El análisis de la resiliencia familiar, que puede darse en distintas generaciones, es un nuevo y fascinante aporte del FRI.