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Objetivo: analisar as características e os desfechos obstétricos adversos em gestantes/puérperas infectadas pelo SARS-CoV-2 em serviço de referência. Método: série de casos retrospectiva entre gestantes com Covid-19 em um hospital universitário em Minas Gerais, Brasil, atendidas no serviço de 2020 a 2021, coletados em abril de 2022, empregando-se estatística descritiva para análise dos dados através do Statistical Package for the Social Science. Resultados: incluídas 26 gestantes, em sua maioria brancas, que tiveram como principais desfechos obstétricos adversos a internação em UTI (43,5%), parto prematuro (34,6%), dado reestratificado de semanas para dias para investigar o encurtamento da gestação, onde constatou-se média de 38,6 dias potenciais de gravidez perdidos dos 280 dias ideais, e ainda 15,4% evoluíram para óbito materno. Conclusão: o estudo proporcionou evidenciar a necessidade de vigilância e atenção às gestantes com foco nos principais desfechos adversos, podendo-se intervir em tempo oportuno para diminuir adversidades.
Objective: to analyze the characteristics and adverse obstetric outcomes in pregnant/puerperal women infected by SARS-CoV-2 at a reference service. Method: a retrospective case series conducted among pregnant women with Covid-19 in a university hospital from Minas Gerais, Brazil, treated at the service from 2020 to 2021. The cases were collected in April 2022 employing descriptive statistics for data analysis in the Statistical Package for the Social Science. Results: a total of 26 pregnant women were included, mostly white-skinned, whose main adverse obstetric outcomes were admission to the ICU (43.5%), premature birth (34.6%) and data restratified from weeks to days to investigate shortening of pregnancy, where a mean of 38.6 potential days of pregnancy were lost out of the ideal 280 days, and 15.4% resulted in maternal death. Conclusion: the study provided evidence of the need for surveillance and care for pregnant women with a focus on the main adverse outcomes, enabling timely intervention to reduce adversities.
Objetivo: analizar las características y resultados obstétricos adversos en gestantes/puérperas infectadas por SARS-CoV-2 en un servicio de referencia. Método: serie de casos retrospectiva entre gestantes con Covid-19 en un hospital universitario de Minas Gerais, Brasil, atendidas en el servicio de 2020 a 2021. Los datos se recolectaron en abril de 2022, se utilizó estadística descriptiva para analizar los datos mediante el Statistical Package for the Social Science. Resultados: se incluyeron 26 gestantes, la mayoría de raza blanca, cuyos principales resultados obstétricos adversos fueron ingreso a UCI (43,5%), parto prematuro (34,6%), dato reestratificado de semanas a días para investigar el acortamiento de la gestación, que arrojó como resultado un promedio de 38,6. Se comprobó que se perdieron en promedio 38,6 días potenciales de embarazo de los 280 días ideales, y muerte materna (15,4%). Conclusión: la evidencia que proporcionó el estudio indica que es necesario vigilar y atender a las gestantes enfocándose en los principales resultados adversos, lo que permite intervenir de forma oportuna para reducir adversidades.
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OBJECTIVE: To assess the current Na levels in a variety of processed food groups and categories available in the Argentinean market to monitor compliance with the National Law and to compare the current Na content levels with the updated Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO) regional targets. DESIGN: Observational cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Argentina. Data were collected during March 2022 in the city of Buenos Aires in two of the main supermarket chains. We carried out a systematic survey of pre-packaged food products available in the food supply assessing Na content as reported in nutrition information panels. RESULTS: We surveyed 3997 food products, and the Na content of 760 and 2511 of them was compared with the maximum levels according to the Argentinean law and the regional targets, respectively. All food categories presented high variability of Na content. More than 90 % of the products included in the National Sodium Reduction Law were found to be compliant. Food groups with high median Na, such as meat and fish condiments, leavening flour and appetisers are not included in the National Law. In turn, comparisons with PAHO regional targets indicated that more than 50 % of the products were found to exceed the regional targets for Na. CONCLUSIONS: This evidence suggests that it is imperative to update the National Sodium Reduction Law based on regional public health standards, adding new food groups and setting more stringent legal targets.
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Sodio en la Dieta , Argentina , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , Sodio en la Dieta/análisis , Manipulación de Alimentos/legislación & jurisprudencia , Política Nutricional/legislación & jurisprudencia , Comida Rápida/análisis , Comida Rápida/estadística & datos numéricos , Etiquetado de Alimentos/legislación & jurisprudencia , Legislación Alimentaria , Análisis de los Alimentos , SupermercadosRESUMEN
The whiteleg marine shrimp Penaeus vannamei, originally from the Eastern Pacific Ocean, now inhabits tropical waters across Asia and Central and Southern America. This benthic species exhibits rapid growth, wide salinity and temperature tolerance, and disease resistance. These physiological traits have led to extensive research on its osmoregulatory mechanisms, including next-generation sequencing, transcriptomic analyses, and lipidomic responses. In crustaceans, osmotic and ionic homeostasis is primarily maintained by the membrane-bound metalloenzyme (Na+, K+)-ATPase. However, little is known about how various ligands modulate this enzyme in P. vannamei. Here, we examined the kinetic characteristics of the gill (Na+, K+)-ATPase to get biochemical insights into its modulation. A prominent immunoreactive band of ~120 kDa, corresponding to the (Na+, K+)-ATPase alpha-subunit, was identified. The enzyme exhibited two ATP hydrolyzing sites with K0.5 = 0.0003 ± 0.00002 and 0.05 ± 0.003 mmol L-1 and was stimulated by low sodium ion concentrations. Potassium and ammonium ions also stimulated enzyme activity with similar K0.5 values of 0.08 ± 0.004 and 0.06 ± 0.003 mmol L-1, respectively. Ouabain inhibition profile suggested a single enzyme isoform with a KI value of 2.10 ± 0.16 mmol L-1. Our findings showed significant kinetic differences in the (Na+, K+)-ATPase in Penaeus vannamei compared to marine and freshwater crustaceans. We expect our results to enhance understanding of the modulation of gill (Na+, K+)-ATPase in Penaeus vannamei and to provide a valuable tool for studying the shrimp's biochemical acclimation to varying salinity conditions.
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Objective: The main objective of this study is to report on the implementation and results of the "Supporting Health-Related Judicial Decisions in Brazil" project conducted at the Health Technology Assessment Center, Hospital Sírio-Libanês through the "Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Institucional do Sistema Único de Saúde", in Brazil. Methods: This study is an experience report of a project conducted at the Health Technology Assessment Center, Hospital Sírio-Libanês. Results: The activities of the project occurred in 2023 and included two online training courses on primary studies and systematic reviews, 11 one-day workshops with technical-scientific content for members of the Technical Support Centers for the Judiciary (NATJus), 40 online technical-scientific consultations for magistrates on a digital platform, 11 technical-scientific reports addressing the most legally claimed technologies in Brazil; two methodological tools, a national forum (hybrid event), 10 chat-based mentorships for NATJus members; and the maintenance of an open-access blog, by publishing news on relevant topics on law and health. Discussion and conclusion: This project has contributed to the improvement of the judicial decision-making process by providing a range of activities aimed at aiding the prioritization of health technologies that are clearly effective and safe over those that are ineffective, harmful, or have uncertain effects.
Objetivo: O objetivo principal deste estudo é relatar a implementação e os resultados do projeto "Apoio técnico-científico à tomada de decisão judicial em Saúde no Brasil" realizado no Hospital Sírio-Libanês por meio do "Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Institucional do Sistema Único de Saúde". Métodos: Este estudo é um relato de experiência de um projeto realizado no Núcleo de Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde do Hospital Sírio-Libanês. Resultados: As atividades do projeto ocorreram em 2023 e incluíram dois cursos de formação online sobre estudos primários e revisões sistemáticas, 11 oficinas de um dia com conteúdo técnico-científico para membros dos Núcleos de Apoio Técnico ao Judiciário (NATJus), 40 consultas on-line técnico-científicas para magistrados em plataforma digital, 11 relatórios técnico-científicos abordando as tecnologias mais reivindicadas judicialmente no Brasil; duas ferramentas metodológicas, um fórum nacional (evento híbrido), 10 mentorias via chat para membros do NATJus; e a manutenção de um blog de acesso aberto, com publicação de notícias sobre temas relevantes de direito e saúde. Discussão e conclusão: Este projeto contribuiu para a melhoria do processo de tomada de decisão judicial, fornecendo uma série de atividades destinadas a ajudar na priorização de tecnologias de saúde que sejam claramente eficazes e seguras em detrimento daquelas que são ineficazes, prejudiciais ou têm efeitos incertos.
Objetivo: El objetivo principal de este estudio es informar sobre la implementación y los resultados del proyecto "Apoyo a las Decisiones Judiciales Relacionadas con la Salud en Brasil" realizado en el Centro de Tecnología en Salud del Hospital Sírio-Libanês a través del "Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Institucional do Sistema Único de Saúde", en Brasil. Métodos: Este estudio es un informe de experiencia de un proyecto realizado en el Centro de Tecnología en Salud del Hospital Sírio-Libanês. Resultados: Las actividades del proyecto ocurrieron en 2023 e incluyeron dos cursos de capacitación en línea sobre estudios primarios y revisiones sistemáticas, 11 talleres de un día de contenido técnico-científico para miembros de los Centros de Apoyo Técnico al Poder Judicial (NATJus), 40 consultas técnico-científicas en línea para magistrados en plataforma digital, 11 informes técnico-científicos que abordan las tecnologías más reclamadas legalmente en Brasil; dos herramientas metodológicas, un foro nacional (evento híbrido), 10 mentorías basadas en chat para miembros de NATJus; y el mantenimiento de un blog de acceso abierto, mediante la publicación de noticias sobre temas relevantes en derecho y salud. Discusión y conclusión: Este proyecto ha contribuido a mejorar el proceso de toma de decisiones judiciales proporcionando actividades para priorizar las tecnologías sanitarias claramente eficaces y seguras frente a aquellas que son ineficaces, nocivas o de efectos inciertos.
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Derecho SanitarioRESUMEN
Thevetia thevetioides is a species within the Apocynaceae family known for containing cardenolide-glycosides, commonly referred to as cardiac glycosides, which are characteristic of this genus. The seeds of the Thevetia species are frequently used as a model source for studying cardiac steroids, as these glycosides can be more readily extracted from the oil-rich seeds than from the plant's green tissues. In this work, the cardenolide profile of ripe and immature seeds was determined and compared to establish the main differences. Ripe seeds contain six related cardenolides and triosides, with thevetin B being the predominant component. In contrast, immature seeds exhibit a total of thirteen cardiac glycosides, including monoglycosides such as neriifolin and peruvosides A, B, and C, as well as diglycosides like thevebiosides A, B, and C. Some of these compounds have previously been identified as degradation products of more complex cardiac glycosides; however, their presence in immature seeds, as described in this study, suggests that they may serve as biosynthetic precursors to the triosides observed in mature seeds. The glycoside patterns observed via HPTLC are associated with specific chemical structures characteristic of this genus, typically featuring thevetose or acetyl-thevetose at the first position, followed by glucose or gentibiose in di- or trisaccharides, independent of the trioside aglycones identified: digitoxigenin, cannogenin, or yccotligenin. Ripe seeds predominantly contain triosides, including thevetin B, C, and A, the latter of which has not been previously reported.
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Cardenólidos , Glicósidos Cardíacos , Semillas , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Semillas/química , Semillas/metabolismo , Cardenólidos/metabolismo , Cardenólidos/química , Glicósidos Cardíacos/química , Glicósidos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Cromatografía en Capa Delgada/métodos , Vías Biosintéticas , Apocynaceae/química , Apocynaceae/metabolismoRESUMEN
In the last few years, evidence from the Brazilian Registry of Bone Biopsy (REBRABO) has pointed out a high incidence of aluminum (Al) accumulation in the bones of patients with CKD under dialysis. This surprising finding does not appear to be merely a passive metal accumulation, as prospective data from REBRABO suggest that the presence of Al in bone may be independently associated with major adverse cardiovascular events. This information contrasts with the perception of epidemiologic control of this condition around the world. In this opinion paper, we discussed why the diagnosis of Al accumulation in bone is not reported in other parts of the world. We also discuss a range of possibilities to understand why bone Al accumulation still occurs, not as a classical syndrome with systemic signs of intoxication, as occurred it has in the past.
Nos últimos anos, evidências do Registro Brasileiro de Biópsia óssea (REBRABO) apontaram uma alta incidência de intoxicação por alumínio (Al) no tecido ósseo de pacientes com DRC em diálise. Essa surpreendente informação parece representar não apenas um acúmulo passivo deste metal, visto que dados prospectivos do REBRABO sugerem que a presença de Al no tecido ósseo pode estar independentemente relacionada a eventos cardiovasculares adversos maiores. Essas informações contrastam com a percepção mundial do controle epidemiológico dessa condição. Neste artigo de opinião, discutimos por que o diagnóstico de acúmulo ósseo de Al não é relatado em outras partes do mundo, e também discutimos uma gama de possibilidades para entender por que nós acreditamos que o acúmulo de Al no tecido ósseo ainda ocorre, não como se apresentava no passado, ou seja, como uma síndrome com sinais e sintomas sistêmicos de intoxicação.
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Abstract Introduction: Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is one of the causes for inflammation in CKD. We assessed the impact of parathyroidectomy (PTX) on neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (N/L) and platelet-to-lymphocyte (P/L) ratios in SHPT patients. Methods: A total of 118 patients [hemodialysis (HD, n = 81), and transplant recipients (TX, n = 37)] undergoing PTX between 2015 and 2021 were analyzed. Results: There was a significant reduction in calcium and PTH levels in both groups, in addition to an increase in vitamin D. In the HD group, PTX did not alter N/L and P/L ratios. In the TX group, there was a reduction in N/L and P/L ratios followed by a significant increase in total lymphocyte count. Conclusion: N/L and P/L ratios are not reliable biomarkers of inflammation in SHPT patients undergoing PTX. Uremia, which induces a state of chronic inflammation in dialysis patients, and the use of immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients are some of the confounding factors that prevent the use of this tool in clinical practice.
Resumo Introdução: O hiperparatireoidismo secundário (HPTS) é uma das causas de inflamação na DRC. Avaliamos o impacto da paratireoidectomia (PTX) nas relações neutrófilo/linfócito (N/L) e plaqueta/linfócito (P/L) em pacientes com HPTS. Métodos: Foram analisados 118 pacientes [hemodiálise (HD, n = 81) e transplantados (TX, n = 37)] submetidos à PTX entre 2015 e 2021. Resultados: Houve redução significativa de cálcio e PTH nos dois grupos, além de elevação de vitamina D. No grupo HD, a PTX não mudou as relações N/L e P/L. Já no grupo TX, houve redução nas relações N/L e P/L acompanhadas de elevação significativa do número de linfócitos totais. Conclusão: As relações N/L e P/L não são marcadores fidedignos de inflamação em pacientes com HPTS submetidos à PTX. A uremia, que induz um estado de inflamação crônica em pacientes dialíticos, e o uso de imunossupressão em pacientes transplantados renais são alguns dos fatores de confusão que impedem o uso dessa ferramenta na prática clínica.
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Aging is characterized by a functional decline in several physiological systems. α-Klotho-hypomorphic mice (Kl-/-) exhibit accelerated aging and cognitive decline. We evaluated whether male and female α-Klotho-hypomorphic mice show changes in the expression of synaptic proteins, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) subunits, postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), synaptophysin and synapsin, and the activity of Na+, K+-ATPase (NaK) isoforms in the cerebellum and hippocampus. In this study, we demonstrated that in the cerebellum, Kl-/- male mice have reduced expression of GluA1 (AMPA) compared to wild-type (Kl+/+) males and Kl-/- females. Also, Kl-/- male and female mice show reduced É2/É3-NaK and Mg2+-ATPase activities in the cerebellum, respectively, and sex-based differences in NaK and Mg2+-ATPase activities in both the regions. Our findings suggest that α-Klotho could influence the expression of AMPAR and the activity of NaK isoforms in the cerebellum in a sex-dependent manner, and these changes may contribute, in part, to cognitive decline.
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Cerebelo , Hipocampo , Proteínas Klotho , Receptores AMPA , Caracteres Sexuales , ATPasa Intercambiadora de Sodio-Potasio , Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Ratones , Cerebelo/metabolismo , Homólogo 4 de la Proteína Discs Large/metabolismo , Homólogo 4 de la Proteína Discs Large/genética , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Proteínas Klotho/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Receptores AMPA/metabolismo , Receptores AMPA/genética , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/metabolismo , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/genética , ATPasa Intercambiadora de Sodio-Potasio/metabolismo , ATPasa Intercambiadora de Sodio-Potasio/genética , Sinapsinas/metabolismo , Sinapsinas/genética , Sinaptofisina/metabolismoRESUMEN
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major disease of wheat and barley worldwide and is caused by different species in the genus Fusarium, Fusarium graminearum being the most important. We conducted population genomics analyses using SNPs obtained through genotyping by sequencing of over 500 isolates of F. graminearum from the US Upper Midwest, New York, Louisiana, and Uruguay. PCA and STRUCTURE analyses group our isolates into four previously described populations: NA1, NA2, Southern Louisiana (SLA) and Gulf Coast (GC). Some isolates were not assigned to populations because of mixed ancestry. Population structure was associated with toxin genotype and geographic origin. The NA1, NA2, and SLA populations are differentiated (FST 0.385 - 0.551) but the presence of admixed isolates indicates that the populations are not reproductively isolated. Patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay suggest frequent recombination within populations. Fusarium graminearum populations from the US have great evolutionary potential given the high recombination rate and a large proportion of admixed isolates. The NA1, NA2, and Southern Louisiana (SLA) populations separated from their common ancestral population roughly at the same time in the past and are evolving with moderate levels of subsequent gene flow between them. Genome-wide selection scans in all three populations revealed outlier regions with the strongest signatures of recent positive natural selection. These outlier regions include many genes with unknown function and some genes with known roles in plant-microbe interaction, fungicide/drug resistance, cellular transport and genes that are related to cellular organelles. Only a very small proportion of outlier regions are shared as outliers among the three populations, suggesting unique host-pathogen interactions and environmental adaptation.
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Fusarium , Desequilibrio de Ligamiento , Enfermedades de las Plantas , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Fusarium/genética , Fusarium/clasificación , Fusarium/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genética , Triticum/microbiología , Genoma Fúngico/genética , Américas , Genotipo , Genómica , Metagenómica , Hordeum/microbiología , UruguayRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: While calcium is known to play a crucial role in mammalian sperm physiology, how it flows in and out of the male gamete is not completely understood. Herein, we investigated the involvement of Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCX) in mammalian sperm capacitation. Using the pig as an animal model, we first confirmed the presence of NCX1 and NCX2 isoforms in the sperm midpiece. Next, we partially or totally blocked Ca2+ outflux (forward transport) via NCX1/NCX2 with different concentrations of SEA0400 (2-[4-[(2,5-difluorophenyl)methoxy]phenoxy]-5-ethoxyaniline; 0, 0.5, 5 and 50 µM) and Ca2+ influx (reverse transport) with SN6 (ethyl 2-[[4-[(4-nitrophenyl)methoxy]phenyl]methyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylate; 0, 0.3, 3 or 30 µM). Sperm were incubated under capacitating conditions for 180 min; after 120 min, progesterone was added to induce the acrosome reaction. At 0, 60, 120, 130, and 180 min, sperm motility, membrane lipid disorder, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), tyrosine phosphorylation of sperm proteins, and intracellular levels of Ca2+, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxides were evaluated. RESULTS: Partial and complete blockage of Ca2+ outflux and influx via NCX induced a significant reduction of sperm motility after progesterone addition. Early alterations on sperm kinematics were also observed, the effects being more obvious in totally blocked than in partially blocked samples. Decreased sperm motility and kinematics were related to both defective tyrosine phosphorylation and mitochondrial activity, the latter being associated to diminished MMP and ROS levels. As NCX blockage did not affect the lipid disorder of plasma membrane, the impaired acrosome integrity could result from reduced tyrosine phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of outflux and influx of Ca2+ triggered similar effects, thus indicating that both forward and reverse Ca2+ transport through NCX exchangers are essential for sperm capacitation.
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Calcio , Intercambiador de Sodio-Calcio , Capacitación Espermática , Animales , Masculino , Capacitación Espermática/efectos de los fármacos , Intercambiador de Sodio-Calcio/metabolismo , Intercambiador de Sodio-Calcio/efectos de los fármacos , Calcio/metabolismo , Porcinos , Espermatozoides/efectos de los fármacos , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Motilidad Espermática/efectos de los fármacos , Reacción Acrosómica/efectos de los fármacos , Potencial de la Membrana Mitocondrial/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
El presente estudio investigativo abordó el tema de la inclusión de las gestantes adolescentes en las clases de Educación Física, enfocado al mejoramiento de la salud física y el bienestar de la madre y el feto durante el embarazo. El objetivo principal del trabajo fue proponer un programa de actividades físicas adaptadas para la inclusión de estudiantes en estado de gestación en la clase de Educación Física, en la Unidad educativa fiscal "Pichincha". Se planteó una metodología con enfoque cualitativo, se utilizaron como métodos empíricos la observación científica, la entrevista, la encuesta y la revisión documental que facilitaron la identificación del problema en la parte inicial hasta la realización de la propuesta de ejercicios físicos adaptados, en su etapa final. Se concluye con la aplicación y ejecución de actividades físicas adaptadas, y se obtienen mejoras en la salud cardiovascular, el fortalecimiento de los músculos y las articulaciones, el control del aumento de peso, la reducción del riesgo de complicaciones del embarazo y la mejora del bienestar emocional. Estos resultados fueron comparados con investigaciones de otros autores que corroboran que implementar actividades físicas adaptadas contribuye al mejoramiento de la salud, tanto de la madre como del feto.
A presente pesquisa abordou a questão da inclusão de adolescentes grávidas nas aulas de Educação Física, com foco na melhoria da saúde física e do bem-estar da mãe e do feto durante a gravidez. O objetivo principal do trabalho foi propor um programa de atividades físicas adaptado para a inclusão de estudantes grávidas na aula de Educação Física, na unidade educacional fiscal "Pichincha". Foi proposta uma metodologia com abordagem qualitativa, foram utilizados observação científica, entrevista, levantamento e revisão documental como métodos empíricos que facilitaram a identificação do problema na parte inicial até a realização da proposta de exercícios físicos adaptados, em sua etapa final. . Conclui com a aplicação e execução de atividades físicas adaptadas, obtendo-se melhorias na saúde cardiovascular, fortalecimento de músculos e articulações, controle do ganho de peso, redução do risco de complicações na gravidez e melhora do bem-estar emocional. Esses resultados foram comparados com pesquisas de outros autores que corroboram que a implementação de atividades físicas adaptadas contribui para melhorar a saúde da mãe e do feto.
The present research study addressed the issue of the inclusion of pregnant adolescents in Physical Education classes, focused on improving the physical health and well-being of the mother and fetus during pregnancy. The main objective of the work was to propose a program of physical activities adapted for the inclusion of pregnant students in the Physical Education class, in the "Pichincha" Fiscal Educational Unit. A methodology with a qualitative approach was proposed, scientific observation, interview, survey and documentary review were used as empirical methods that facilitated the identification of the problem in the initial part until the proposal of adapted physical exercises was carried out, in its final stage. It concludes with the application and execution of adapted physical activities, and improvements are obtained in cardiovascular health, strengthening of muscles and joints, control of weight gain, reduction of the risk of pregnancy complications and improvement of well-being. emotional. These results were compared with research by other authors that corroborate that implementing adapted physical activities contributes to improving the health of both the mother and the fetus.
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Analisar a prevalência da gravidez repetida e os fatores associados entre adolescentes. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com 124 mães adolescentes, com idades entre 10 e 19 anos, em Caxias, Maranhão, de julho a dezembro de 2021. Foi aplicado um questionário com dados sociodemográficos, econômicos, obstétricos e sobre estilo de vida. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e de associação utilizando Regressão Logística Múltipla. Entre as 124 adolescentes, 107 (86,3%) tinham mais de 15 anos; 104 (83,9%) possuíam mais de 8 anos de escolaridade; 72 (58,1%) não tinham companheiro e 113 (91,1%) estavam desempregadas. A prevalência da gravidez repetida foi de 34,7% (N=43), estando estatisticamente associada ao número de partos (p<0,000; OR: 17,62; IC95%: 6,51-47,68) e ao desejo de interromper a gravidez (p=0,047; OR: 3,20; IC95%: 1,12-9,15). O nível de escolaridade mostrou-se um fator de proteção (p=0,012; OR: 0,28; IC95%: 0,11-0,76) contra a gravidez repetida. Conclui-se que há uma alta prevalência da gravidez repetida em adolescentes com baixo nível socioeconômico e com início precoce da atividade sexual. O estudo evidencia a necessidade de planejamento adequado da assistência pela equipe de saúde na Atenção Primária à Saúde para adolescentes.
To analyze the prevalence of repeated pregnancy and the associated factors among adolescents. A cross-sectional study conducted with 124 adolescent mothers aged 10 to 19 years in Caxias, Maranhão, from July to December 2021. A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic, economic, obstetric and lifestyle data. Descriptive analyses and associations were assessed using Multiple Logistic Regression. Among the 124 adolescents, 107 (86.3%) were older than 15 years; 104 (83.9%) had more than 8 years of schooling; 72 (58.1%) did not have a partner and 113 (91.1%) were unemployed. The prevalence of repeat pregnancy was 34.7% (N=43) and was significantly associated with the number of pewvious deliveries (p<0.000; OR: 17.62; 95%CI: 6.51-47.68) and the desire to terminate the pregnancy (p=0.047; OR: 3.20; 95%CI: 1.12-9.15). A higher education level found to be a protective factor against repeated pregnancy (p=0.012; OR: 0.28; 95%CI: 0.11-0.76). Is the findings indicate a high prevalence of repeated pregnancy in adolescents with low socioeconomic status and early f sexual initiation. The study highlights the need for improved healthcare planning and services in Primary Health Care for adolescent users.
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Embarazo en Adolescencia , Atención Primaria de Salud , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
Decapod Crustacea exhibit a marine origin, but many taxa have occupied environments ranging from brackish to fresh water and terrestrial habitats, overcoming their inherent osmotic challenges. Osmotic and ionic regulation is achieved by the gill epithelia, driven by two active ATP-hydrolyzing ion transporters, the basal (Na+, K+)-ATPase and the apical V(H+)-ATPase. The kinetic characteristic of gill (Na+, K+)-ATPase and the mRNA expression of its α subunit have been widely studied in various decapod species under different salinity challenges. However, the evolution of the primary structure has not been explored, especially considering the functional modifications associated with decapod phylogeny. Here, we proposed a model for the topology of the decapod α subunit, identifying the sites and motifs involved in its function and regulation, as well as the patterns of its evolution assuming a decapod phylogeny. We also examined both the amino acid substitutions and their functional implications within the context of biochemical and physiological adaptation. The α-subunit of decapod crustaceans shows greater conservation (â¼94% identity) compared to the ß-subunit (â¼40%). While the binding sites for ATP and modulators are conserved in the decapod enzyme, the residues involved in the α-ß interaction are only partially conserved. In the phylogenetic context of the complete sequence of (Na+, K+)-ATPase α-subunit, most substitutions appear to be characteristic of the entire group, with specific changes for different subgroups, especially among brachyuran crabs. Interestingly, there was no consistent separation of α-subunit partial sequences related to habitat, suggesting that the convergent evolution for freshwater or terrestrial modes of life is not correlated with similar changes in the enzyme's primary amino acid sequence.
Asunto(s)
Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Decápodos , Osmorregulación , Filogenia , ATPasa Intercambiadora de Sodio-Potasio , Animales , ATPasa Intercambiadora de Sodio-Potasio/genética , ATPasa Intercambiadora de Sodio-Potasio/metabolismo , ATPasa Intercambiadora de Sodio-Potasio/química , Osmorregulación/genética , Decápodos/genética , Decápodos/enzimología , Decápodos/fisiología , Evolución Molecular , Branquias/metabolismo , Branquias/enzimologíaRESUMEN
Resumo Introdução: A gestação configura-se como um acontecimento único e memorável para a vida de uma mulher. A gravidez de alto risco é uma experiência estressante em razão dos riscos a que estão submetidos a mãe e o bebê e devido às mudanças que afetam negativamente o seu equilíbrio emocional. Objetivo: Identificar os sentimentos vivenciados pela gestante frente à gravidez de alto risco. Método: Descritivo e exploratório com abordagem qualitativa, com amostra por conveniência composta por mulheres com gestação de alto risco, selecionadas de acordo com a disponibilidade do serviço de internamento, até a saturação das entrevistas. A coleta dos dados foi realizada em um período de dois meses através de entrevistas guiadas por um roteiro. Os dados foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo segundo Minayo. Resultados: Fizeram parte 37 mulheres. Os resultados foram oeganizados nas categorias: Como se deu o diagnóstico de alto risco; Sentimentos ao descobrir que a gestação é/era de risco; Sentimentos em relação ao apoio familiar acerca da gestação de alto risco. Os sentimentos relatados pelas gestantes e puérperas que conviveram com a gravidez de alto risco, deixam evidentes os impactos que este evento traz não somente na saúde física sobretudo para a emocional, deixando as gestantes fragilizadas. Conclusão: Assim, o estudo nos permitiu perceber que os sentimentos vivenciados nesse processo podem interfir na vida dessas mulheres, e de forma negativa. Mas, que apesar dessa situação, estas expressam sentimentos ambíguos, pois mesmo com o risco gestacional, muitas mostram-se felizes pela dádiva de ser mãe.
Resumen Introducción: El embarazo se considera un evento único y memorable en la vida de una mujer. El embarazo de alto riesgo es una experiencia estresante debido a los riesgos a los que están expuestas tanto la madre como su bebé y a los cambios que afectan negativamente su equilibrio emocional. Objetivo: Identificar los sentimientos experimentados por las mujeres embarazadas frente a un embarazo de alto riesgo. Metodología: Descriptivo y exploratorio con enfoque cualitativo, con una muestra a conveniencia compuesta por mujeres con embarazos de alto riesgo, seleccionadas según la disponibilidad del servicio de hospitalización, hasta la saturación de las entrevistas. La recopilación de datos se llevó a cabo durante un período de dos meses a través de entrevistas guiadas. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando la técnica de análisis de contenido según Minayo. Resultados: Participaron 37 mujeres y los resultados se organizaron en las siguientes categorías: cómo se realizó el diagnóstico de alto riesgo; sentimientos al descubrir que el embarazo era de riesgo; sentimientos con respecto al apoyo familiar en relación con el embarazo de alto riesgo. Los sentimientos relatados por las mujeres embarazadas y posparto que vivieron un embarazo de alto riesgo evidencian los impactos que tiene este evento no solo en la salud física sino, especialmente, en el bienestar emocional, pues deja a las mujeres embarazadas en un estado de vulnerabilidad. Conclusión: El estudio nos permitió darnos cuenta de que los sentimientos experimentados en este proceso pueden interferir en la vida de estas mujeres de manera negativa. Sin embargo, a pesar de esta situación, muchas de ellas expresan sentimientos ambiguos, porque, incluso con el riesgo gestacional, están agradecidas por el regalo de la maternidad.
Abstract Introduction: Pregnancy is considered a unique and memorable event in a woman's life. High-risk pregnancy is a stressful experience due to the risks to which the mother and the baby are exposed, and due to the changes that negatively affect their emotional balance. Objective: To identify the feelings experienced by pregnant women facing high-risk pregnancy. Method: Descriptive and exploratory, employing a qualitative approach, the study featured a convenience sample of women with high-risk pregnancies, selected based on inpatient service availability, until interview saturation was achieved. Data collection was conducted over a two-month period through scripted interviews. Data analysis was performed utilizing Minayo's content analysis technique. Results: Thirty-seven women participated in the study. The results were categorized as follows: How the high-risk diagnosis was determined; Feelings upon discovering the pregnancy was high-risk; Feelings regarding family support regarding the high-risk pregnancy. The feelings reported by pregnant and postpartum women who experienced high-risk pregnancies clearly reveal the impacts this event has, not only on physical health, but especially on emotional well-being, leaving the pregnant women in a vulnerable state. Conclusion: The study allowed us to realize that the feelings experienced in this process can negatively interfere in the lives of these women. However, despite this situation, many of them express mixed feelings, because even with the gestational risk, they are grateful for the gift of motherhood.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Atención Prenatal/psicología , Salud de la Mujer , Embarazo de Alto Riesgo/psicologíaRESUMEN
Este artigo, por meio de aproximação genealógica, buscou investigar o que chamaremos de pistas genealó-gicas do equipamento Consultório na Rua em município de médio porte no Sul do Brasil. Para o percurso da pesquisa, junto a uma vivência em um Consultório na Rua, nesse município do país, foram realizados entrevistas e levantamentos de documentos. Na investigação foi possível encontrar pistas que apontam para uma produção de criminalização e assimilação histórica dos viventes da rua pelo Estado brasileiro, de maneira que esses pontos precisam ser discutidos e problematizados para que tais regimes de verdade não sejam norteadores das políticas públicas para tais pessoas.
This article, employing a genealogical approach, aimed to examine the genealogical traces of the Street Clinic equipment in a medium-sized city in Brazil's southern region. In order to follow the path of the research, along with an experience in a Street Clinic in a Brazilian city, interviews and document surveys were conducted. In the investigation, it was possible to find elements of the production of criminalization and historical assimilation by the Brazilian State that need to be discussed and problematized so that such regimes of truth are not guiding the production of health care for people experiencing homelessness.
Este artículo, a través de un abordaje genealógico, buscó investigar pistas genealógicas del Consultorio en la Calle en una ciudad de tamaño medio en el sur de Brasil. Para el transcurso de la investigación, junto con una experiencia en un Consultorio en la Calle en un municipio de tamaño medio en el sur de Brasil, se efectuaron entrevistas y encuestas documentales. En la investigación, fue posible encontrar pistas que apuntan a una producción de criminalización y asimilación histórica de las personas en situación de calle por parte del Estado brasileño, por lo que estos puntos necesitan ser discutidos y problematizados para que tales regímenes de verdad no guíen políticas públicas para dicha población.
Asunto(s)
Atención Primaria de Salud , Apoyo Social , Personas con Mala Vivienda , Servicios de Salud Comunitaria , Política de Salud , Clase Social , Sistema Único de Salud , Colaboración Intersectorial , Conducta Criminal , AculturaciónRESUMEN
Este artigo problematiza o caso de Brotas, município do estado de São Paulo, que mesmo com seu pioneirismo no ecoturismo e práticas corporais de aventura em ambientes naturais, especialmente relacionados ao rio Jacaré-Pepira, recentemente vem sofrendo com impactos ambientais e ameaça de suas paisagens. Inspirado no método etnográfico, que combina interação virtual, conversas presenciais, observação participante e análise documental, esse estudo analisa a mobilização dos trabalhadores do lazer de aventura, mais especificamente do rafting, pela conservação ambiental de sua cidade a partir do ano de 2020. Constata-se que, apesar de avanços em políticas públicas efetivas, persistem desafios que levaram a períodos de seca extrema alternados com inundações, deslizamentos de terra e assoreamento. Identificou-se a importância dos profissionais de lazer na produção de informações para o poder público, reivindicações aos suspeitos, conscientização da população e articulação coletiva para manter a integridade ambiental e o turismo e o esporte como vetores de desenvolvimento sustentável, embora encontre divergências de posicionamentos entre seus agentes.
This paper problematizes the case of Brotas, a city in the state of São Paulo/Brazil, which, despite its pioneering rolein ecotourism and adventurous body practicesin natural environments, especially related to the Jacaré-Pepira river, has recently been suffering from environmental impacts and threats to its landscapes.Inspired by the ethnographic methodcombining virtual interaction, face-to-face conversations, participant observation and documentary analysis, this studyinvestigates the mobilization of adventure leisure workers, more specifically rafting,for the environmental conservation from the year 2020 onwards. Despite advances in effective public policies, challengespersistthat have led to periods of extreme drought alternating with floods, landslides andsiltation. The importance of leisure professionals in the production of information for public authorities, claims against suspects, publicawareness and collective articulationto maintain environmental integrity and tourism and sport as vectors ofsustainable developmentwas identified, although divergences in positionswere found. among its agents.
Asunto(s)
Amenazas , Poder Público , Ambiente , Turismo , Análisis de Documentos , Política de Salud , Actividades RecreativasRESUMEN
Since 2000, a well-established population of the invasive oriental shrimp Palaemon macrodactylus has been present in fully marine conditions in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean (~38° S). To assess the physiological performance of this atypical population restricted to fully marine conditions, we conducted a laboratory experiment in which individuals were transferred from 35 S (local seawater) to 2 S; 5 S; 10 S; 20 S; 50 S and 60 for short (6 h), medium (48 h), and long (>504 h) acclimation periods. We measured the time course response of relevant parameters in the shrimp's hemolymph; activity of Na+, K+-ATPase (NKA), and V-H+-ATPase (VHA); and muscle water content. Shrimp showed great osmoregulatory plasticity, being able to survive for long periods between 5 S and 50 S, whereas no individual survived after transfer to either 2 S or 60 S. Shrimp hyper-regulated hemolymph osmolality at 5 S and 10 S, hypo-regulated at 35 S and 50 S, and isosmoticity was close to 20 S. Compared to 35 S, prolonged acclimation to 5 S caused a decrease in hemolymph osmolality (~34%) along with sodium and chloride concentrations (~24%); the NKA and VHA activities decreased by ~52% and ~88%, respectively, while muscle water content was tightly regulated. Our results showed that the atypical population of P. macrodactylus studied here lives in a chronic hypo-osmo-ion regulatory state and suggest that fully marine conditions contribute to its poor performance at the lower limit of salinity tolerance (<5 S).
Asunto(s)
Palaemonidae , Animales , Palaemonidae/fisiología , Salinidad , Especies Introducidas , Hemolinfa/química , Aclimatación/fisiología , Agua de Mar/químicaRESUMEN
The sodium pump, or Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA), is an essential enzyme found in the plasma membrane of all animal cells. Its primary role is to transport sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ions across the cell membrane, using energy from ATP hydrolysis. This transport creates and maintains an electrochemical gradient, which is crucial for various cellular processes, including cell volume regulation, electrical excitability, and secondary active transport. Although the role of NKA as a pump was discovered and demonstrated several decades ago, it remains the subject of intense research. Current studies aim to delve deeper into several aspects of this molecular entity, such as describing its structure and mode of operation in atomic detail, understanding its molecular and functional diversity, and examining the consequences of its malfunction due to structural alterations. Additionally, researchers are investigating the effects of various substances that amplify or decrease its pumping activity. Beyond its role as a pump, growing evidence indicates that in various cell types, NKA also functions as a receptor for cardiac glycosides like ouabain. This receptor activity triggers the activation of various signaling pathways, producing significant morphological and physiological effects. In this report, we present the results of a comprehensive review of the most outstanding studies of the past five years. We highlight the progress made regarding this new concept of NKA and the various cardiac glycosides that influence it. Furthermore, we emphasize NKA's role in epithelial physiology, particularly its function as a receptor for cardiac glycosides that trigger intracellular signals regulating cell-cell contacts, proliferation, differentiation, and adhesion. We also analyze the role of NKA ß-subunits as cell adhesion molecules in glia and epithelial cells.
Asunto(s)
ATPasa Intercambiadora de Sodio-Potasio , ATPasa Intercambiadora de Sodio-Potasio/metabolismo , ATPasa Intercambiadora de Sodio-Potasio/química , Animales , Humanos , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Ouabaína/farmacología , Ouabaína/metabolismo , Glicósidos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Glicósidos Cardíacos/farmacología , Sodio/metabolismoRESUMEN
Studies focusing on how photobiomodulation (PBM) can affect the structure and function of proteins are scarce in the literature. Few previous studies have shown that the enzymatic activity of Na,K-ATPAse (NKA) can be photo-modulated. However, the variability of sample preparation and light irradiation wavelengths have not allowed for an unequivocal conclusion about the PBM of NKA. Here, we investigate minimal membrane models containing NKA, namely, native membrane fraction and DPPC:DPPE proteoliposome upon laser irradiation at wavelengths 532, 650, and 780 nm. Interestingly, we show that the PBM on the NKA enzymatic activity has a bell-shaped profile with a stimulation peak (~15% increase) at around 20 J.cm-2 and 6 J.cm-2 for the membrane-bound and the proteoliposome samples, respectively, and are practically wavelength independent. Further, by normalizing the enzymatic activity by the NKA enzyme concentration, we show that the PBM response is related to the protein amount with small influence due to protein's environment. The stimulation decays over time reaching the basal level around 6 h after the irradiation for the three lasers and both NKA samples. Our results demonstrate the potential of using low-level laser therapy to modulate NKA activity, which may have therapeutic implications and benefits.
RESUMEN
Sodium (Na+) is a beneficial element for most plants and may replace potassium (K+) in osmoregulatory process to a certain extent, increasing plant water use efficiency. Thus, understanding coordinated mechanisms underlying the combined use of K+ and Na+ in tree drought tolerance is a key challenge for forestry in dealing with productivity and water limitations. A pot experiment with three ratios of K/Na (K-supplied, partial K replacement by Na, and K-deficient plants) and two water regimes, well-watered (W+) and water-stressed (W-), was conducted on saplings of two Eucalyptus species with contrasting drought sensitivities. We evaluated the point of stomatal closure (Pgs90), xylem water potential at 12, 50, and 88% embolized xylem area (P12, P50, P88), hydraulic safety margin, leaf gas exchange (A, E, gs, and dark respiration), pre-dawn and midday leaf water potential (ΨPD and ΨMD), long-term water use efficiency (WUEL) and total dry mass. Partial K replacement by Na increased leaf gas exchange, WUEL, and total dry mass, while Pgs90, P12, P50, P88, and ΨMD decreased (were more negative), compared with plants exclusively supplied with K and K-deficient plants of both species. Fertilized plants had narrower hydraulic safety margins than K-deficient plants, indicating that these Eucalyptus species adopt the functional adaptive strategy of operating close to their hydraulic limits to maximize carbon uptake while increasing the risk of hydraulic failure under drought stress.