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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The oral administration of hydrolyzed collagen peptides is a scientifically validated intervention for enhancing skeletal muscle health and performance. This integrative review consolidates the evidence supporting the use of low molecular weight collagen peptides (2000-3500 daltons) for their superior bioavailability and absorption. Our objective was to review the effects of collagen peptide or hydrolyzed collagen supplementation on muscle damage, recovery, and construction related to physical exercise. METHODS: A bibliographic search was conducted in major English-language databases, including PubMed/Medline, using terms like "Peptides Collagen and Damage" and "collagen peptides AND Soreness Muscle". This review followed PRISMA guidelines, with bias risk assessed via the PEDro scale. The inclusion criteria were (a) randomized clinical trials, (b) randomized studies in humans with a control or placebo group, (c) studies assessing muscle damage or delayed onset muscle soreness via physiological markers or strength performance tests, and (d) studies using hydrolyzed collagen or collagen peptides. RESULTS: Initially, 752 articles were identified. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, including duplicate removal, eight articles with 286 participants were included. Of these, 130 participants received collagen peptide supplementation, while 171 received a placebo or control. CONCLUSION: This integrative review supports the potential of collagen peptide supplementation to mitigate muscle stress from acute strenuous resistance training. However, due to the methodological heterogeneity among the studies, further clinical trials are needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying muscle improvement with collagen supplementation.
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Colágeno , Suplementos Dietéticos , Músculo Esquelético , Mialgia , Humanos , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Mialgia/tratamiento farmacológico , Péptidos/farmacología , Péptidos/administración & dosificación , Entrenamiento de Fuerza , Fatiga Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Fuerza Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Adulto , Femenino , Ejercicio FísicoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Our study aimed to 1) investigate the differences of muscle parameters in relation to each SARC-F component/question; and 2) explore the relationship between SARC-F score with these muscle parameters using various landmarks derived from computed tomography (CT) scans of patients with cancer. METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional analysis of a cohort comprised of consecutive patients with cancer, displaying CT scans. SARC-F questionnaire was utilized as a proxy for muscle functionality, with a score ≥4 indicating a poor status. Muscle assessment via CT measurements was performed using single cross-sectional images at the level of the third lumbar vertebrae (L3) in the abdominal region, the thigh region, and the total gluteal region at the level of the second sacral vertebrae. Skeletal muscle (SM) cross-sectional area, SM index (normalized to height2), and SM radiodensity (SMD) were evaluated for all anatomical landmarks. RESULTS: A total of 128 patients were included in this analysis (53.1% females, 61.7% older adults). Patients with SARC-F scores ≥4 demonstrated significantly lower values of SMD across all landmarks assessed. Those reporting difficulties related to strength (P = 0.039), requiring assistance in walking (P = 0.033), and climbing stairs (P = 0.012) exhibited significantly lower SMD values at the L3 landmark. At gluteus and thigh levels, only patients experiencing difficulty climbing stairs (P = 0.012) showed significantly lower values of SMD. Only SMD at gluteus level was independently associated with SARC-F score (ßadjusted -0.09, 95% CI -0.16 to -0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that individuals with poor muscle composition may experience a higher risk of sarcopenia/poor muscle functionality.
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Background/Objectives: Increasing evidence indicates that body composition can significantly influence prognosis in women with breast cancer. However, alterations in body composition, particularly among young women (<40 years), remain largely unknown and underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of computed tomography (CT)-derived body composition with mortality rates among young women recently diagnosed with breast cancer, identifying the best-correlated cutoff value. Methods: This is a bi-set cohort study with retrospective data collection. Women newly diagnosed with ductal invasive breast cancer, aged 20 to 40 years, treated in reference oncology units were included. Body composition was assessed using CT scans at the third lumbar vertebra (L3) level, including muscle and adipose compartments. The outcome of interest was the incidence of overall mortality. A maximally selected log-rank Cox-derived analysis was employed to assess the cutoffs associated with mortality. Results: A total of 192 women were included before any form of treatment (median age of 35 years, IQ range: 31-37). Overall mortality occurred in 12% of the females. Stages III-IV were the most frequent (69.5%). Patients who died had a significantly lower muscle area index. CT-derived muscle area was inversely associated with mortality. Each 1 cm2/m2 decrease in skeletal muscle index increased the mortality hazard by 9%. Higher values of adiposity compartments were independently associated with higher mortality. Conclusions: Our study highlights the predictive significance of skeletal muscle area and adipose tissue in predicting survival among young women recently diagnosed with breast cancer.
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Composición Corporal , Neoplasias de la Mama , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Humanos , Femenino , Neoplasias de la Mama/mortalidad , Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto Joven , Músculo Esquelético/diagnóstico por imagen , Factores de Riesgo , Pronóstico , Adiposidad , Estudios de CohortesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between longitudinal changes in body composition and liver disease severity in children with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). STUDY DESIGN: This longitudinal, single-center, retrospective analysis included patients aged <20 years followed for MASLD who had had ≥2 bioelectrical impedance analyses (BIAs) performed. MASLD regression was defined as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization or a decrease of >50% from baseline. Fat and skeletal muscle mass were adjusted for size by calculating respective indices (dividing by height2). Logistic and linear regressions were used to determine the independent relationship between changes in body composition over time and serological markers of liver disease severity. RESULTS: We included 258 patients (75% male, 50% Hispanic) with a median age of 14 years (IQR, 11-16 years) at the time of first BIA. Median body mass index (BMI) z-score at baseline was 2.33 (IQR, 2.04-2.62). Median time from first to last BIA was 12 months (IQR, 6-24 months). A decrease in fat mass index was independently associated with reductions in ALT and gamma glutamyl transferase and increased odds of MASLD regression (OR; 0.55; P < .001). Fat mass index reduction was superior to BMI z-score in predicting MASLD regression. Change in skeletal muscle mass index was not associated with change in ALT or gamma glutamyl transferase. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in fat mass, not skeletal muscle mass, are associated with serological markers of liver injury in youth with MASLD. Fat mass changes outperform BMI z-score changes in predicting MASLD regression. BIA can serve as an adjunct biomarker of liver disease progression.
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BACKGROUND: The study of dietary patterns in older adults (OA) and their association with geriatric syndromes (GS) is scarce in Latin America. OBJECTIVE: To describe the association of dietary patterns with GS in the Mexican older adult population, using data from the 2018-19 National Health and Nutrition Survey. METHODS: Dietary data were collected from 3,511 adults (≥60 years of age, both sexes) using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were derived by principal component analysis based on the consumption of 162 foods from 24 food groups. The GS studied were: frailty, depressive symptoms (DS), low appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM); additionally, we studied inflammation (serum CRP>5 mg/L). Logistic regression models were used. RESULTS: Four major dietary patterns were identified: a) "Western", b) "Prudent", c) "Soups", and d) "Traditional". The middle and higher tertiles of the "Prudent" pattern were associated with lower odds of DS (OR 0.71, p = 0.04; and OR 0.61, p = 0.008), respectively. The second tertile of the "Soups" pattern was associated with lower odds of low ASMM (OR 0.68, p = 0031) and inflammation (OR 0.58, p = 0.022). The highest tertile of the "Traditional" pattern was associated with low ASMM (OR 1.55, p = 0.008) and lower odds of inflammation (OR 0.69, p = 0.044). No association was found between the "Western" dietary pattern and GS. CONCLUSIONS: Three of four major dietary patterns were associated with GS in older Mexican adults. Further studies are needed to address strategies to improve diet quality in this age group and its association with health and functional outcomes.
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Encuestas Nutricionales , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , México/epidemiología , Dieta , Fragilidad/epidemiología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Inflamación/epidemiología , Depresión/epidemiología , Síndrome , Conducta Alimentaria , Patrones DietéticosRESUMEN
Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a growing disease with severe complications. Various scores predict the risk of developing this pathology. The amount of muscle mass is associated with insulin resistance, yet there is no established evidence linking muscle mass with diabetes risk. This work aims to study that relationship. Research methods and procedures: This cross-sectional study included 1,388 employees. The FINDRISC score was used to assess type 2 diabetes risk, and bioimpedance was used for body composition analysis. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass adjusted by body mass index (ASM/BMI) was analyzed. Sociodemographic, clinical and anthropometric measures were evaluated, logistic regression models with sex stratification were conducted and ROC curves were calculated to determine the ability of ASM/BMI index to predict T2D risk. Results: It was observed that patients with higher ASM/BMI had a lower FINDRISC score in both men and women (p < 0.001). A logistic regression model showed and association between ASM/BMI and diabetes risk in women [OR: 0.000 (0.000-0.900), p = 0.048], but not in men [OR: 0.267 (0.038-1.878), p = 0.185]. However, when the body mass index variable was excluded from the model, an association was found between muscle mass adjusted to BMI and diabetes risk in both men [OR: 0.000 (0.000-0.016), p < 0.001], and women [OR:0.001 (0.000-0.034), p < 0.001]. Other risk factors were having a low level of physical activity, waist circumference, age and sedentary lifestyle. A ROC curve was built and the optimal ASM/BMI cut-of value for predicting T2D risk was 0.82 with a sensitivity of 53.71% and specificity of 69.3% [AUC of 0.665 (0.64-0.69; p < 0.0001)]. Conclusion: When quantifying the risk of type 2 diabetes in both women and men, assessing muscle mass can help detect adult individuals with a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
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OBJECTIVES: Given the innovative nature of the method, our study aimed to assess the prognostic significance of body mass index (BMI)-adjusted calf circumference (CC) in older patients who are hospitalized. METHODS: This was a unique analysis as part of other cohorts comprising general hospitalized patients aged 60 years or older of both sexes. Only patients with excess weight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) were included. CC was adjusted by reducing 3, 7, or 12 cm for BMI (in kg/m2) within 25-29.9, 30-39.9, and ≥40 kg/m2, respectively. CC was considered low if ≤ 34 cm for males and ≤ 33 cm for females. Clinical outcomes included prolonged length of hospital stay (LOS) and mortality. RESULTS: A total of 222 patients were included. After BMI adjustments, 72.1% of the patients were reclassified from a normal CC category to a low CC category. The frequency of low CC increased from 33.8% to 81.9% following BMI adjustments. Among those reclassified to the low CC, 11 died, compared to only 2 patients in the group that maintained a normal CC classification. BMI-adjusted CC was inversely associated with mortality (HR adjusted 0.84, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.95), but not with prolonged LOS. CONCLUSIONS: Our novel study highlights the prognostic value of BMI-adjusted CC. As an anthropometric marker of muscle mass, it proved to be a predictor of mortality in older patients with high BMI. This adjustment is further important because it may help to better detect low muscle mass in these patients where such conditions might be masked.
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Índice de Masa Corporal , Hospitalización , Pierna , Tiempo de Internación , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Tiempo de Internación/estadística & datos numéricos , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Sobrepeso/mortalidad , Pronóstico , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Músculo EsqueléticoRESUMEN
This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of thigh muscle assessed by CT images to predict overall mortality in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). This was a multicenter cohort study including adults (≥ 18 years old) newly diagnosed with CRC, who performed a diagnostic computed tomography (CT) exam including thigh regions. CT images were analyzed to evaluate skeletal muscle (SM in cm2), skeletal muscle index (SMI in cm2/m2), and skeletal muscle density (SMD in HU). Muscle abnormalities (low SM, SMI, and SMD) were defined as the values below the median by sex. Kaplan-Meyer curves and hazard ratios (HRs) for low SM, SMI and SMD were evaluated for overall mortality, stratified by sex. A total of 257 patients were included in the final analysis. Patients' mean age was 62.6 ± 12.1 years, and 50.2% (n = 129) were females. In males, low thigh SMI was associated with shorter survival (log-rank P = .02). Furthermore, this low thigh SMI (cm2/m2) was independently associated with higher mortality rates (HR adjusted 2.08, 95% CI 1.03-4.18). Our additional findings demonstrated that low SMD was independently associated with overall mortality among early-stage patients (I-III) (HR adjusted 2.78, 95% CI 1.26-6.15).
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Neoplasias Colorrectales , Músculo Esquelético , Muslo , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Neoplasias Colorrectales/mortalidad , Neoplasias Colorrectales/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Músculo Esquelético/diagnóstico por imagen , Músculo Esquelético/patología , Muslo/diagnóstico por imagen , Anciano , Pronóstico , Estimación de Kaplan-MeierRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between the age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (A-CCI) with body composition and overall survival in patients newly diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC). RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: In this cohort study, patients (≥ 18 years old) with CRC were followed for 36 months. Computed tomography images of the third lumbar were analyzed to determine body composition, including skeletal muscle area (SMA), skeletal muscle index (SMI), skeletal muscle radiodensity (SMD), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Phenotypes based on comorbidity burden assessed by A-CCI and body composition parameters were established. RESULTS: A total of 436 participants were included, 50% male, with a mean age of 61 ± 13.2 years. Approximately half of the patients (50.4%) had no comorbidity, and the A-CCI median score was 4 (interquartile range: 3-6). A higher A-CCI score was a risk factor for 36-month mortality (HR = 3.59, 95% CI = 2.17-5.95). Low SMA and low SMD were associated with a higher A-CCI. All abnormal phenotypes (high A-CCI and low SMA; high A-CCI and low SMD; high A-CCI and high VAT) were independently associated with higher 36-month mortality hazard (adjusted HR 5.12, 95% CI 2.73-9.57; adjusted HR 4.58, 95% CI 2.37-8.85; and adjusted HR 2.36, 95% CI 1.07-5.22, respectively). CONCLUSION: The coexistence of comorbidity burden and abnormal body composition phenotypes, such as alterations in muscle or fat compartments, may pose an additional risk of mortality in patients newly diagnosed with CRC. Early assessment and management of these phenotypes could be crucial in optimizing outcomes in such patients.
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Composición Corporal , Neoplasias Colorrectales , Comorbilidad , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias Colorrectales/mortalidad , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Femenino , Anciano , Estudios de Cohortes , Factores de Riesgo , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Factores de EdadRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Aging is accompanied by changes in body composition, such as an increase in fat mass (FM), a decrease in skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI) and muscle strength, combined with a chronic inflammatory process (CI). OBJECTIVE: Determine the relationship between age and excess body fat with markers of chronic inflammation, skeletal muscle mass and strength. METHODS: A cross-sectional alitical study was carried out in a convenience sample of adults 45 to 59 years old (n = 100) and older adults 60 to 74 years old (n = 133). All participants had their body composition measured with an impedance meter. They were subsequently divided into two groups: (i) with excess fat (WEF), (ii) without excess fat (NEF), in order to relate excess fat and age with inflammation, muscle mass and strength. RESULTS: NEF adults and older adults had similar values of SMMI (9.1 ± 1.5 vs. 8.8 ± 1.3, p > 0.05) and strength (28 ± 8 vs. 27 ± 8.6, p > 0.05). Likewise, WEF adults showed significantly lower values than NEF adults in the SMMI (7.9 ± 0.8 vs. 9.1 ± 1.5, p < 0.05) and strength (28 ± 8 vs. 22 ± 5, p < 0.001). Also, WEF older adults presented significantly lower values in the SMMI (15.9 ± 1.8 vs. 22.8 ± 5.1, p < 0.05) and strength (17.9 ± 4.8 vs. 27 ± 8.6, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that excess fat mass is a risk factor that has a significantly greater influence than aging per se on the index of skeletal muscle mass and strength.
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Tejido Adiposo , Envejecimiento , Inflamación , Fuerza Muscular , Músculo Esquelético , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Femenino , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Músculo Esquelético/fisiopatología , Inflamación/fisiopatología , Estudios Transversales , Anciano , Envejecimiento/fisiología , México , Composición Corporal/fisiología , Biomarcadores/sangre , Vida IndependienteRESUMEN
AIM: This study aimed to investigate the associations between upper- and lower-limb muscle strength, mass, and quality and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 428 Brazilian community-dwelling older adults aged 60 to 80 years. Upper- and lower-limb muscle strength were evaluated through the handgrip strength (HGS) test and the 30-s chair stand test, respectively. Muscle mass was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Muscle quality was evaluated using the muscle quality index (MQI). HRQoL was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version questionnaire. RESULTS: Lower-limb, but not upper-limb, muscle strength and quality were independently associated with HRQoL, particularly within the domains of physical capacity, environment, and overall HRQoL for both males and females (P < 0.05). DXA- and BIA-derived analyses provided similar results in relation to muscle mass and muscle quality. CONCLUSIONS: Lower-limb, but not upper-limb, muscle strength and quality were independently associated with HRQoL among community-dwelling older adults. Moreover, the results obtained from both BIA and DXA were similar, highlighting that BIA can serve as a viable surrogate method for estimating body composition in resource-limited clinical settings. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 683-692.
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Vida Independiente , Extremidad Inferior , Fuerza Muscular , Calidad de Vida , Extremidad Superior , Humanos , Anciano , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Extremidad Superior/fisiología , Brasil , Extremidad Inferior/fisiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Absorciometría de Fotón , Fuerza de la Mano/fisiología , Impedancia Eléctrica , Evaluación Geriátrica/métodos , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Functional muscle quality, as assessed through the muscle quality index (MQI), represents a contemporary method to measure the capacity to generate force. Despite its potential, the prognostic significance of MQI remains uncertain in various clinical conditions, particularly among patients following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In light of this, our study sought to evaluate the prognostic relevance of MQI concerning major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients following AMI. METHODS AND RESULTS: This is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study that included subjects aged ≥20 years from a Cardiovascular Unit Hospital. Functional muscle quality was estimated using MQI, defined as the ratio of handgrip strength (HGS) to muscle mass (MM) derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis. The outcomes included prolonged length of hospital stay, new adverse cardiovascular events (AMI, stroke and hospital readmission for unstable angina), and cardiovascular mortality. A composite score comprising all adverse events over the 1-year follow-up was calculated and defined as MACE. This study included 163 patients, with a median age of 61 years (IQ: 54-69 years), and the majority consisted of males (76.1%). Individual components of the functional muscle quality (HGS and MM) were not associated with any of the adverse outcomes. Only MQI was associated mortality over the 1-year follow-up. For each increase in MQI, the hazard of mortality decreases: adjusted HR: 0.08 (95% CI 0.01-0.84). CONCLUSION: Functional muscle quality assessed by the MQI may be a valuable clinical predictor of 1-year cardiovascular mortality in patients hospitalized post-AMI.
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Fuerza de la Mano , Tiempo de Internación , Músculo Esquelético , Infarto del Miocardio , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Infarto del Miocardio/mortalidad , Infarto del Miocardio/fisiopatología , Infarto del Miocardio/diagnóstico , Anciano , Factores de Tiempo , Medición de Riesgo , Pronóstico , Factores de Riesgo , Músculo Esquelético/fisiopatología , Readmisión del Paciente , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Impedancia Eléctrica , Accidente Cerebrovascular/mortalidad , Accidente Cerebrovascular/fisiopatología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico , Angina Inestable/mortalidad , Angina Inestable/fisiopatología , Angina Inestable/diagnósticoRESUMEN
SUMMARY: This study aims to investigate body typologies based on a combination of basic anthropo-morphological characteristics and body composition measured by multichannel bioimpedance in a sample from the adult population of Lebanon. A total of 302 subjects (173 males and 129 females) without acute or chronic health disorders were included in the study. Body composition was measured by the multichannel bioelectrical impedance (BIA) method, using the i30 device (MEDIANA, Korea). The research used 10 variables, including three basic anthropo-morphological variables, three for assessing fat, three for assessing the muscle component, and one index variable. K-means cluster analysis was used to define five specific clusters (5D) of body types based on sex. In light of the results, the study established five distinct clusters representing five different body typologies among Lebanese adults, categorized by sex: Male sample, Group 1 - Obese Endomorph (15.61 %), Group 2 - Balanced Mesomorph (16.76 %), Group 3 - Short Endomorph (30.06 %), Group 4 - Short Mesomorph (34.10 %), and Group 5 - Pathological Obese Endomorph (3.47 %); Female sample, Group 1- Obese Endomorph (2.33 %), Group 2 - Short Endo/Mesomorph (28.68 %), Group 3 - Short Ectomorph (32.56 %), Group 4 - Endomorph (22.48 %), and Group 5 - Balanced Mesomorph (13.95 %). Furthermore, the results indicated that the primary factor contributing to the distinctions among the identified clusters in terms of sex is fat tissue. This leads to the conclusion that eating habits cause the given differences, rather than the level of physical activity, regardless of sex.
Este estudio ttuvo como objetivo investigar tipologías corporales basadas en una combinación de características antropomorfológicas básicas y composición corporal, medidas por bioimpedancia multicanal, en una muestra de la población adulta del Líbano. Se incluyeron en el estudio un total de 302 sujetos (173 hombres y 129 mujeres) sin trastornos de salud agudos o crónicos. La composición corporal se midió mediante el método de impedancia bioeléctrica multicanal (BIA), utilizando el dispositivo i30 (MEDIANA, Corea). La investigación utilizó 10 variables, incluidas tres variables antropomorfológicas básicas, tres para evaluar la grasa, tres para evaluar el componente muscular y una variable índice. Se utilizó el análisis de conglomerados de K-medias para definir cinco conglomerados específicos (5D) de tipos de cuerpo según el sexo. En base a los resultados, el estudio estableció cinco grupos distintos que representan cinco tipologías corporales diferentes entre los adultos libaneses, categorizados por sexo: muestra masculina, grupo 1: endomorfo obeso (15,61 %), grupo 2: mesomorfo equilibrado (16,76 %), grupo 3 - Endomorfo Corto (30,06 %), Grupo 4 - Mesomorfo Corto (34,10 %), y Grupo 5 - Endomorfo Obeso Patológico (3,47 %); Muestra femenina, Grupo 1: Endomorfo obeso (2,33 %), Grupo 2: Endo/mesomorfo corto (28,68 %), Grupo 3: Ectomorfo corto (32,56 %), Grupo 4: Endomorfo (22,48 %) y Grupo 5: Mesomorfo equilibrado (13,95 %). Además, los resultados indicaron que el factor principal que contribuye a las distinciones entre los grupos identificados en términos de sexo es el tejido adiposo. Esto lleva a la conclusión de que las diferencias dadas son causadas por los hábitos alimentarios, más que por el nivel de actividad física, independientemente del sexo.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Somatotipos , Composición Corporal , Antropometría , Tejido Adiposo , Análisis de Varianza , Impedancia Eléctrica , LíbanoRESUMEN
To assess the correlation between vitamin D status and body composition variables in adult women of childbearing age, a cross-sectional study was conducted involving women aged 20-49 years. The participants were categorized based on their vitamin D status and further divided according to body mass index (BMI). Anthropometric and biochemical data were collected to compute body composition indices, specifically body fat and muscle mass. The sample included 124 women, with 63.70% exhibiting vitamin D inadequacy. Women with inadequate vitamin D status demonstrated a higher waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and body adiposity index (BAI), along with a lower BMI-adjusted muscle mass index (SMI BMI), compared to those with adequate levels of vitamin D (p = 0.021; p = 0.019; and p = 0.039, respectively). A positive correlation was observed between circulating concentrations of 25(OH)D and SMI BMI, while a negative correlation existed between circulating concentrations of 25(OH)D and waist circumference (WC), WHtR, conicity index (CI), fat mass index (FMI), body fat percentage (% BF), and fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR). These findings suggest that inadequate vitamin D status may impact muscle tissue and contribute to higher body adiposity, including visceral adiposity. It is recommended that these variables be incorporated into clinical practice, with a particular emphasis on WHtR and SMI BMI, to mitigate potential metabolic consequences associated with vitamin D inadequacy.
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Tejido Adiposo , Adiposidad , Composición Corporal , Índice de Masa Corporal , Músculo Esquelético , Deficiencia de Vitamina D , Vitamina D , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Persona de Mediana Edad , Vitamina D/sangre , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Adulto Joven , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/sangre , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Circunferencia de la Cintura , Estado NutricionalRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species may contribute to the gradual decline in muscle strength over time. Although caffeine and its metabolites have antioxidant properties that can mitigate oxidative stress, the association of caffeine and its metabolites with muscle strength remains unknown. AIM: To investigate whether caffeine metabolites in urine are associated with muscle strength in young and older adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1145 individuals aged over 20 years (n = 801 < 60 years and n = 344 ≥ 60 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012. Muscle strength was assessed using a handgrip dynamometer, and combined grip strength was determined by summing the highest value from each hand. Caffeine and its metabolites in urine were quantified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (1-methyluric acid, 3-methyluric acid, 7-methyluric acid, 1,3-dimethyluric acid, 1,7-dimethyluric acid, 3,7-dimethyluric acid, 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid, 1-methylxanthine, 3-methylxanthine, 7-methylxanthine, 1,3-dimethylxanthine, 1,7-dimethylxanthine, 3,7-dimethylxanthine, 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine, 5-acetylamino-6-amino-3-methyluracil). Linear regression analyses were performed to determine the association of caffeine and its metabolites with muscle strength in young and older adults, adjusting for confounders. RESULTS: Positive associations between muscle strength and levels of 7-methyluric acid (ß = 0.029; p = 0.021), 1,3-dimethyluric acid (ß = 0.008; p = 0.004), 3,7-dimethyluric acid (ß = 0.645; p = 0.012), 3-methylxanthine (ß = 0.020; p = 0.002), 7-methylxanthine (ß = 0.020; p = 0.006), 1,3-dimethylxanthine (theophylline) (ß = 0.030; p = 0.004) and 3,7-dimethylxanthine (theobromine) (ß = 0.035; p = 0.029) were observed in older adults. In contrast, no such associations were noted in young adults. CONCLUSION: Our study indicates a positive association between certain caffeine metabolites in urine and muscle strength in older adults, but not in younger individuals. These findings indicate that specific caffeine metabolites may contribute to an antioxidant role especially in older adults.
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Cafeína , Fuerza de la Mano , Encuestas Nutricionales , Humanos , Cafeína/orina , Estudios Transversales , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Fuerza de la Mano/fisiología , Anciano , Adulto Joven , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Ácido Úrico/orinaRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to evaluate the mediation role of muscle quantity in the relationship between physical fitness and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) in adolescents. This cross-sectional study conducted with 120 adolescents of both sexes, aged between 10 and 17 years. Body mass, height, fat mass (FM), lean mass, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and 1 repetition maximum strength (1-RM) with evaluation of the leg press 45° (RM-leg), bench press (RM-bench) and arm curl (RM-arm). Body mass index z-score, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, appendicular skeletal muscle mass index, lean mass index (LMI), muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR), age at peak height velocity, and CMRF z-score were calculated. The direct relation between FM and CMRF was mediated by the LMI (26%) and inverse relation between CRF and CMRF was mediated by the LMI (26%). For girls, the direct relation between FM and CMRF was mediated by the LMI (32%); the inverse relation between CRF, RM-leg, RM-arm and CMRF was mediated by the LMI (32%, 33%, and 32%, respective). For boys, the indirect effect was not significant, indicating that LMI is not a mediator in the relation between FM, CRF, 1-RM with CMRF. The direct relation between RM-leg and CMRF was mediated by the MRF (16%). This finding evidenced the importance of promoting a healthy lifestyle to improve physical fitness levels and the quantity of muscle mass in adolescents.
Asunto(s)
Adiposidad , Factores de Riesgo Cardiometabólico , Capacidad Cardiovascular , Músculo Esquelético , Humanos , Adolescente , Masculino , Femenino , Capacidad Cardiovascular/fisiología , Adiposidad/fisiología , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Músculo Esquelético/fisiología , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Aptitud Física/fisiología , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Índice de Masa CorporalRESUMEN
This research aimed to explore the changes produced in body mass index (BMI), fat mass percentage (FMP), muscle mass percentage (MMP), and visceral fat percentage (VFP) in 60-year-old or over overweight or obese people after a multicomponent exercise program. This quasi-experimental study involved 70 overweight or obese older people between 60 and 86 years old (M = 73.15; SD = 5.94) who were randomly assigned to a control group (CG, n = 35) and an experimental group (EG, n = 35). At the beginning and at the end of the intervention program, anthropometric and body composition data were collected. The results showed an increase in BMI after the intervention in the CG (p = 0.010) and a decrease in the EG (p < 0.001). The results regarding the FMP indicate a significant decrease in the EG (p < 0.001) after the intervention, as occurs with the VFP (p = 0.003). The MMP increased in the EG (p < 0.001) after the intervention program. Regarding gender, statistically significant differences were found in the MMP after the intervention (p = 0.025), with higher percentages in men in the EG. VFP decreased in both men (p = 0.005) and women (p = 0.019) in the EG. From the results obtained, we can say that a 6-month multicomponent program produces a decrease in BMI, FMP, and VFP and an increase in MMP in its participants. This type of intervention seems to produce a greater increase in muscle mass in men than in women and a decrease in VFP in both genders.
RESUMEN
Objective: To analyze the amount of muscle and the presence of sarcopenia in postmenopausal women using different methods, verifying the agreement between them as to skeletal muscle mass (SMM). Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted with postmenopausal women aged ≥ 50 years. SMM was obtained from a predictive equation, Bioelectrical Impedance (BIA), and Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA). The skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) were calculated. The cut-off point of SMI was determined for the population itself. The agreement between the SMI obtained using the different methods was verified. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the criteria proposed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2). The significance level adopted for all tests was 5.0%. Results: A total of 112 women were evaluated, with an average age of 66.1 ± 5.65 years. Among them, 51.8% were sufficiently active and 43.8% were overweight and obese. The SMI cut-offs were 6.46 kg/m2 for the predictive equation and 7.66 kg/m2 for BIA, with high sensitivity and specificity. There was an excellent agreement in the identification of SMM by the predictive equation (0.89 [0.824-0.917], p < 0.001) and BIA (0.92 [0.883-0.945], p < 0.001), in reference to DXA. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 0.9%, 1.8%, and 2.7% according to BIA, DXA, and the predictive equation, respectively. Conclusion: The predictive equation showed the expected agreement in estimating skeletal muscle mass in postmenopausal women, offering a viable and accurate alternative.
Asunto(s)
Absorciometría de Fotón , Músculo Esquelético , Posmenopausia , Sarcopenia , Humanos , Femenino , Sarcopenia/epidemiología , Sarcopenia/diagnóstico por imagen , Sarcopenia/diagnóstico , Estudios Transversales , Posmenopausia/fisiología , Anciano , Músculo Esquelético/diagnóstico por imagen , Músculo Esquelético/anatomía & histología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Impedancia Eléctrica , AntropometríaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Muscle loss is one of the phenotypic criteria of malnutrition, is highly prevalent in patients with cirrhosis, and is associated with adverse outcomes. Mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) estimates the skeletal muscle mass and is especially helpful in cases of fluid overload. This study aimed to propose MAMC cutoff points for patients with cirrhosis and demonstrate its association with 1-year mortality. METHODS: This is an analysis of cohort databases from five reference centers in Brazil that included inpatients and outpatients with cirrhosis aged ≥18 y. The nutritional variables obtained were the MAMC (n = 1075) and the subjective global assessment (n = 629). We established the MAMC cutoff points stratified by sex based on the subjective global assessment as a reference standard for malnutrition diagnosis, considering the sensitivity, specificity, and Youden index. An adjusted Cox regression model was used to test the association of MAMC cutoff points and 1-year mortality. RESULTS: We included 1075 patients with cirrhosis, with a mean age of 54.8 ± 11.3 y; 70.4% (n = 757) male. Most patients had alcoholic cirrhosis (47.1%, n = 506) and were classified as Child-Pugh B (44.7%, n = 480). The MAMC cutoff points for moderate and severe depletion were ≤21.5 cm and ≤24.2 cm; ≤20.9 cm and ≤22.9 cm for women and men, respectively. According to these cutoff points, 13.8% (n = 148) and 35.1% (n = 377) of the patients had moderate or severe MAMC depletion, respectively. The 1-year mortality rate was 17.3% (n = 186). In the multivariate analysis adjusted for sex, age, MELD-Na, and Child-Pugh scores, a severe depletion in MAMC was an independent increased risk factor for 1-year mortality (HR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.24-2.35, P < 0.001). Each increase of 1 cm in MAMC values was associated with an 11% reduction in 1-year mortality risk (HR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.85-0.94, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Low MAMC classified according to the new cutoff points predicts mortality risk in patients with cirrhosis and could be used in clinical practice.
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Brazo , Cirrosis Hepática , Desnutrición , Músculo Esquelético , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Desnutrición/diagnóstico , Desnutrición/mortalidad , Cirrosis Hepática/mortalidad , Cirrosis Hepática/complicaciones , Brasil/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano , Estado Nutricional , Evaluación Nutricional , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Estudios de Cohortes , Sarcopenia/mortalidad , Sarcopenia/diagnósticoRESUMEN
SUMMARY: The identification of children and adolescents who are at risk of sarcopenic obesity development often requires specialized equipment and expensive test procedures. Therefore, the establishment of cheaper and faster methods would be greatly useful, especially if they could be applied in the field. The study's objective was to establish if identification of female adolescents who suffer the risk of developing sarcopenic obesity can be obtained through the standing-long-jump test application. To achieve the research objectives, various anthropometric and body composition measurements were performed and lower limb explosive strength was assessed using the standing long jump fitness test. The research was conducted on a sample of 535 female respondents randomly selected from 9 elementary schools in the Skopje region of the Republic of North Macedonia. The respondents were divided into quintiles according to BMI z-scores, and the arithmetic means and SD about muscle-to-fat ratio were calculated for each quintile. The cutoff was determined based on the mean and standard deviation of the muscle-to-fat ratio for the 3rd quintile of BMI and the percentage of respondents with sarcopenic obesity was examined. The optimal cut-off value of the long jump fitness test results for predicting sarcopenic obesity in an adolescent girl showed that the area under the ROC curve was 0.781 (95 % CI 0.743-0.815). The standing-long-jump test values, on grounds of odds ratio (OR 95 % CI) about the girls at risk of sarcopenic obesity development, which was identified on muscle-to-fat ratio base, were 8.76 (4.39 - 17.54, p 0.001). It can be used to predict sarcopenic obesity presence in female adolescents, which can be vital in case of health intervention.
La identificación de niños y adolescentes que corren riesgo de desarrollar obesidad sarcopénica a menudo requiere equipos especializados y procedimientos de pruebas costosos. Por lo tanto, el establecimiento de métodos más baratos y rápidos sería de gran utilidad, especialmente si pudieran aplicarse en el campo. El objetivo del estudio fue establecer si la identificación de mujeres adolescentes que sufren riesgo de desarrollar obesidad sarcopénica se puede obtener mediante la aplicación de la prueba de salto de longitud de pie. Para lograr los objetivos de la investigación, se realizaron diversas mediciones antropométricas y de composición corporal y se evaluó la fuerza explosiva de los miembros inferiores mediante la prueba de aptitud de salto de longitud de pie. La investigación se realizó con una muestra de 535 mujeres encuestadas seleccionadas al azar de 9 escuelas primarias de la región de Skopje, en la República de Macedonia del Norte. Los encuestados se dividieron en quintiles según las puntuaciones z del IMC, y se calcularon las medias aritméticas y la DE sobre la relación músculo-grasa para cada quintil. El límite se determinó en función de la media y la desviación estándar de la relación músculo-grasa para el tercer quintil del IMC y se examinó el porcentaje de encuestados con obesidad sarcopénica. El valor de corte óptimo de los resultados de la prueba de condición física de salto de longitud para predecir la obesidad sarcopénica en una adolescente mostró que el área bajo la curva ROC fue 0,781 (IC del 95 %: 0,743-0,815). Los valores de la prueba de salto de longitud de pie, sobre la base del odds ratio (OR IC del 95 %) sobre las niñas en riesgo de desarrollar obesidad sarcopénica, que se identificó sobre la base del ratio músculo-grasa, fueron 8,76 (4,39 - 17,54, p. 0,001). Puede utilizarse para predecir la presencia de obesidad sarcopénica en adolescentes, lo que puede ser vital en caso de intervención sanitaria.