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OBJECTIVE: To summarize the scientific evidence on the prevalence of maxillary sinus hypoplasia (MSH) and associated anatomical variations as assessed by computed tomography scans. STUDY DESIGN: This PROSPERO-registered systematic review followed the recommendations of the PRISMA guidelines. Search algorithms were constructed for each of the six databases and gray literature. After screening the references (Rayyan®), the extracted data were meta-analyzed according to a random-effects model. The joanna briggs critical appraisal tool assessed the methodological quality of the included studies. The GRADE approach was used to estimate the certainty of the evidence. RESULTS: From a total of 2781 studies screened, 22 were considered for four meta-analysis. The prevalence of MSH in 7358 patients was 5.65% (CI95% = 4.07-7.47%) with significant heterogeneity between studies (p < 0.001, I2 = 89.30%). MSH was identified in 295 patients, of whom 82.38% (CI95% = 75.82-88.09%) had unilateral hypoplasia and 17.62% (CI95% = 11.91-24.18%) bilateral hypoplasia with moderate heterogeneity between studies (p < 0.0503, I2 = 42.87%). The prevalence of MSH in 9998 maxillary sinuses was 3.77% (95% CI = 2.44-5.38%), with significant heterogeneity between studies (p < 0.001, I2 = 92.84%). Hypoplastic/aplastic uncinate process, concha bullosa and paradoxical concha were the most reported anatomical variations. The studies presented a low-moderate methodological quality. The certainty of the evidence was very low to moderate. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of maxillary sinus hypoplasia observed was 5.65%, with most cases being unilateral.
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Seno Maxilar , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Humanos , Seno Maxilar/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Senos Etmoidales , Hueso Etmoides , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Computed tomography angiography (CTA) and ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) single photon emission computed tomography/CT (SPECT/CT) images have been widely used to detect PE, but few studies have performed a direct comparison between them. We aimed to evaluate the performance of these tests in the same group of patients, selected from the routine practice of a general hospital. METHODS: Patients with suspected acute PE were prospectively submitted to CTA and V/Q SPECT/CT. General radiologists and nuclear physicians, respectively, interpreted the images. Data regarding age, sex, time between examinations, symptoms, and Wells score were also recorded. The final diagnosis was decided through a consensus among the clinicians, taking into account clinical, laboratory, follow-up, and all imaging procedures data. RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients (15 male, 13 female, and median age of 51.5 years) were studied. Median duration of the onset of symptoms was 4 (1-14) days, and the median Wells score was 3.5 (1.5-6). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy were 84.6%, 80.0%, 78.6%, 85.7%, and 82.1% for V/Q SPECT/CT, and 46.1%, 100%, 100%, 68.2%, and 75.0% for CTA. The overall agreement between the methods was 57.1%. Of the 22 patients with negative CTA, 10 (45.4%) had positives V/Q SPECT/CT and seven of them classified as true positives. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that V/Q SPECT/CT is more sensitive and accurate than CTA when interpreted by general radiologists and nuclear medicine physicians.
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Tomografía Computarizada Multidetector , Embolia Pulmonar , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Relación Ventilacion-Perfusión , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada de Emisión de Fotón Único/métodos , Angiografía , Enfermedad Aguda , PerfusiónRESUMEN
Resumen Para la reconstrucción y el tratamiento de anomalías que comprometen la aorta torácica pueden emplearse diversas técnicas quirúrgicas abiertas, las cuales estarán determinadas por la patología que presente el paciente. La angiotomografía computada multicorte (ATCMC) es el método de elección para su control y seguimiento. El médico radiólogo debe estar familiarizado con las técnicas quirúrgicas empleadas (Wheat, Bentall de Bono, Cabrol, entre otras), con las reparaciones estructurales que se realizan y con los materiales protésicos utilizados con el fin de evitar una interpretación errónea de las imágenes. El fieltro espontáneamente hiperdenso, los conductos protésicos y sus anastomosis, tanto con la aorta como con los grandes vasos, puede generar errores en el informe final y en el diagnóstico.
Abstract Multiple surgical techniques can be used for the reconstruction and treatment of abnormalities that compromise the thoracic aorta, which will be determined by the patients pathology. Multislice computed tomography angiography is the method of choice for their control and monitoring. The radiologist should be familiar with the surgical techniques used (Wheat, Bentall de Bono, and Cabrol, among others), as well as with the structural repairs that are performed and the prosthetic materials used in order to avoid an erroneous interpretation of the images. Spontaneously hyperdense felt, the prosthetic ducts and their anastomosis, both with the aorta and the large vessels, can generate pitfalls in the final report and error in the diagnosis.
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Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the craniofacial structure has demonstrated its usefulness in the dental area during the last decades, thus it has become a fundamental tool in the diagnosis, planning, and evaluation of treatment, and although it was not developed for the exclusive use in dentistry, as it is commonly considered, it is used in other areas such as medicine. It is specifically used in the head and neck area where different medical specialties interact, and at the same time these interact with dental specialties, so knowing the advantages of CBCT over different imaging technologies in the medical area is necessary. The purpose of this review was to describe the applications of observation, diagnosis, planning, and evolution of treatments using maxillofacial HSCT in different medical specialties. This work highlights the use of TCHC in different medical applications and highlights where it is most useful compared to other technologies.
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Alagille syndrome (AS) is an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder which can lead to hepatopathy and the development of focal hepatic lesions. The majority of the hepatic lesions are benign, including regenerative nodules, focal hyperplasia, and adenoma. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is extremely rare in AS, with very few cases reported in the literature. A 38-year-old man complaining of acute right upper quadrant pain with long-standing diagnosis of Alagille syndrome. On imaging, the patient had a large hepatic mass in the right lobe, with arterial hyperenhancement, washout appearance, and areas of internal hemorrhage. The patient underwent a right hepatectomy and histopathology demonstrated HCC. The patient passed away 3 months after the surgery due to infectious complications. HCC is a rare complication of AS, although rare, it should be considered. This case also emphasizes the need of HCC screening in patients with AS in order to allow an early diagnosis and treatment, which can improve patients' outcome.
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As they are asymptomatic or have a nonspecific, anatomical variations of the ribs are usually detected as incidental findings on imaging studies. They may be isolated changes or can be related to anomalies or clinical syndromes. Such variations are easily overlooked on conventional radiography and computed tomography if they are not actively investigated, mainly because most indications for a chest X-ray studies aim to evaluate the lung parenchyma and mediastinal structures. The objective of this pictorial essay was to use multislice computed tomography images to illustrate the imaging aspects of the main anatomical variations and congenital anomalies of the ribs.
As variantes anatômicas dos arcos costais são, geralmente, achados incidentais nos exames de imagem, em razão do seu comportamento assintomático ou quadro inespecífico, podendo constituir alterações isoladas ou relacionadas a anomalias e síndromes clínicas. Essas alterações são facilmente negligenciadas na radiografia convencional e na tomografia computadorizada se não forem investigadas ativamente, principalmente quando a maioria das indicações do estudo radiológico do tórax tem como objetivo a avaliação do parênquima pulmonar e das estruturas mediastinais. O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar, por meio da tomografia computadorizada multidetectores, os aspectos de imagem das principais variantes anatômicas e anomalias congênitas dos arcos costais.
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Abstract As they are asymptomatic or have a nonspecific, anatomical variations of the ribs are usually detected as incidental findings on imaging studies. They may be isolated changes or can be related to anomalies or clinical syndromes. Such variations are easily overlooked on conventional radiography and computed tomography if they are not actively investigated, mainly because most indications for a chest X-ray studies aim to evaluate the lung parenchyma and mediastinal structures. The objective of this pictorial essay was to use multislice computed tomography images to illustrate the imaging aspects of the main anatomical variations and congenital anomalies of the ribs.
Resumo As variantes anatômicas dos arcos costais são, geralmente, achados incidentais nos exames de imagem, em razão do seu comportamento assintomático ou quadro inespecífico, podendo constituir alterações isoladas ou relacionadas a anomalias e síndromes clínicas. Essas alterações são facilmente negligenciadas na radiografia convencional e na tomografia computadorizada se não forem investigadas ativamente, principalmente quando a maioria das indicações do estudo radiológico do tórax tem como objetivo a avaliação do parênquima pulmonar e das estruturas mediastinais. O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar, por meio da tomografia computadorizada multidetectores, os aspectos de imagem das principais variantes anatômicas e anomalias congênitas dos arcos costais.
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China was the epicenter for the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which quickly spread to other Asian countries and later to Western countries; subsequently, COVID-19 was categorized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Diagnosis primarily depends on viral detection in respiratory samples; however, available kits are limited, lack high sensitivity, and have a long turnaround time for providing results. In this scenario, computed tomography has emerged as an efficient and available high-sensitivity method, allowing radiologists to readily recognize findings related to COVID-19. The objective of this article is to demonstrate the main tomographic findings in symptomatic respiratory patients with COVID-19 to assist medical professionals during this critical moment.
A doença pelo novo coronavírus (COVID-19) teve epicentro na China e rapidamente se espalhou pelos demais países asiáticos e, posteriormente, para os países ocidentais, sendo definida como pandemia pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. O diagnóstico da COVID-19 é primariamente dependente da pesquisa do vírus nas vias aéreas superiores, mas os kits para sua confirmação ainda são limitados, não apresentam sensibilidade elevada e os resultados são demorados. Nesse cenário, a tomografia computadorizada surge como método eficiente e disponível e com alta sensibilidade, cabendo a nós radiologistas reconhecer prontamente os achados relacionados a essa doença. O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar os principais achados tomográficos de tórax em pacientes sintomáticos respiratórios infectados pela COVID-19, de modo a auxiliar os colegas nesse momento crítico.
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OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of different intraradicular posts on the dimensions of computed tomography (CT) images in cone-beam and fan-beam equipment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: : A total of 15 root canals of bovine teeth were instrumented up to a file #50 and root-filled by the active lateral condensation technique. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups, according to the type of intraradicular post: 1) tight fiberglass post; 2) anatomical fiberglass post; and 3) metal post. The root canals were desobturated in 10 mm and tomographic images were acquired in two devices, a cone-beam and fan-beam equipment. Then, the intraradicular posts were cemented using an automix self-conditioning and self-adhesive resin cement, and the final acquisitions of the CT images were performed for analysis. The diameter of the canal was compared before and after cementation of the intraradicular posts. The t-test was used between the initial and final measurements of each tomograph and also between the cone-beam and fan-beam tomographs (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The anatomical fiberglass post presented the smallest dimensional change among the initial and final measurements, followed by the tight fiberglass post, with the metal post being the material that showed the most considerable dimensional difference in the cone-beam. CONCLUSION: All of the intraradicular posts used promoted a change in the size of the CT image. The fan-beam scanner promoted greater dimensional change in the images.
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Técnica de Perno Muñón , Animales , Bovinos , Cementación , Tomografía Computarizada de Haz Cónico , Cavidad Pulpar , Cementos de Resina , Tratamiento del Conducto RadicularRESUMEN
Abstract China was the epicenter for the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which quickly spread to other Asian countries and later to Western countries; subsequently, COVID-19 was categorized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Diagnosis primarily depends on viral detection in respiratory samples; however, available kits are limited, lack high sensitivity, and have a long turnaround time for providing results. In this scenario, computed tomography has emerged as an efficient and available high-sensitivity method, allowing radiologists to readily recognize findings related to COVID-19. The objective of this article is to demonstrate the main tomographic findings in symptomatic respiratory patients with COVID-19 to assist medical professionals during this critical moment.
Resumo A doença pelo novo coronavírus (COVID-19) teve epicentro na China e rapidamente se espalhou pelos demais países asiáticos e, posteriormente, para os países ocidentais, sendo definida como pandemia pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. O diagnóstico da COVID-19 é primariamente dependente da pesquisa do vírus nas vias aéreas superiores, mas os kits para sua confirmação ainda são limitados, não apresentam sensibilidade elevada e os resultados são demorados. Nesse cenário, a tomografia computadorizada surge como método eficiente e disponível e com alta sensibilidade, cabendo a nós radiologistas reconhecer prontamente os achados relacionados a essa doença. O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar os principais achados tomográficos de tórax em pacientes sintomáticos respiratórios infectados pela COVID-19, de modo a auxiliar os colegas nesse momento crítico.
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OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare post-mortem CT findings with necropsy findings in domestic cats. METHODS: Post-mortem CT and necropsies were performed in 20 cadavers of domestic cats. The sensitivity, specificity and agreement between the post-mortem CT and necropsy findings were determined. RESULTS: There were a total of 315 post-mortem findings; 183 were identified by post-mortem CT and 132 were identified by necropsy. Post-mortem CT demonstrated a higher sensitivity to identify the findings mainly in bones. The higher indices of agreement between post-mortem CT and necropsy were related to abnormalities of pleural space, bones and joints. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This study demonstrated that post-mortem CT and necropsy provided different information. Thus, their use in conjunction with each other might improve the understanding of the cause of death and the identification of post-mortem lesions.
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Autopsia/veterinaria , Gatos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/veterinaria , Animales , Cadáver , Gatos/anomalías , Gatos/anatomía & histologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate in three dimensions (3D) the human endosalpinx and reconstruct its surface along its different anatomical segments, without the injection or insertion of luminal contrasts, using confocal microtomography (micro-CT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 15 fallopian tubes (FT) from 14 women in reproductive age from procedures for benign disease or sterilization were selected. The specimens were fixed in formalin and stained with Lugol solution. Micro-CT studies were conducted on the specimens using protocols adapted from biological studies, to acquire images to reconstruct in 3D the endosalpinx surface. RESULTS: From these specimens, 6 presented the intra-mural segment, 14 presented the isthmus and 15 presented the ampulla and fimbria segment of the FT. The specimen presented tissue definition, and contrast sufficient for FT endosalpinx morphological analysis and lumen definition. The intramural portion presented initially a mucosal projection toward the lumen, bending on its own axis, and increased numbers of projections towards the isthmic portion, where the projections become longer more numerous. The endosalpinx becomes more tortuous, the lumen diameter increases and the mucosal projections become more bulky in the ampullary portion, with the projections less present on the antimesenteric side. The infundibular portion is marked with the organized and predictable endosalpinx, the abdominal ostium is cleared demonstrated, with the reduction of the endosalpinx volume. The fimbria demonstrated a small relation between fringes and intratubal endosalpinx. CONCLUSIONS: Microscopic anatomy of different segments of the human FT mucosa can be analyzed and reconstructed in 3D with histological correlation using micro-CT.
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Intestinal malformations are common disorders in newborn and favorable outcomes have been reported for such conditions. Although, if the patient is treated in a not experienced center, misinterpretation of the clinical and radiological findings may lead to errors in treatment and possible complications in adulthood. We report a case of a congenital megaduodenum which was misinterpreted as an intestinal malrotation resulting in late complications. The patient underwent a successful surgical resection of the duodenum with improvement of his clinical symptoms and nutritional status. This case report emphasizes the importance of considering megaduodenum in the differential diagnosis of patients with feeding impairment, even during adulthood. Early diagnosis and treatment may improve patients' outcome and reduce morbidity.
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Abstract Introduction Rapid maxillary expansion is an orthodontic and orthopedic procedure that can change the form and function of the nose. The soft tissue of the nose and its changes can influence the esthetics and the stability of the results obtained by this procedure. Objective The objective of this study was to assess the changes in nose dimensions after rapid maxillary expansion in oral breathers with maxillary atresia, using a reliable and reproducible methodology through computed tomography. Methods A total of 30 mouth-breathing patients with maxillary atresia were analyzed and divided into a treatment group who underwent rapid maxillary expansion (20 patients, 10 of which were male and 10 female, with a MA of 8.9 years and a SD of 2.16, ranging from 6.5 to 12.5 years) and a Control Group (10 patients, 5 of which were male and 5 female, with a MA of 9.2 years, SD of 2.17, ranging from 6.11 to 13.7 years). In the treatment group, multislice computed tomography scans were obtained at the start of the treatment (T1) and 3 months after expansion (T2). The patients of the control group were submitted to the same exams at the same intervals of time. Four variables related to soft tissue structures of the nose were analyzed (alar base width, alar width, height of soft tissue of the nose and length of soft tissue of the nose), and the outcomes between T1 and T2 were compared using Osirix MD software. Results In the TG, the soft tissues of the nose exhibited significant increases in all variables studied (p < 0.05), whereas, changes did not occur in the control group (p > 0.05). In the treatment group, mean alar base width increased by 4.87% (p = 0.004), mean alar width increased by 4.04% (p = 0.004), mean height of the soft tissues of the nose increased by 4.84% (p = 0.003) and mean length of the soft tissues of the nose increased by 4.29% (p = 0.012). Conclusion In short-term, rapid maxillary expansion provided a statistically significant increase in the dimensions of the soft tissues of the nose.
Resumo Introdução A expansão rápida da maxila é um procedimento ortodôntico e ortopédico que pode alterar a forma e a função do nariz. Os tecidos moles do nariz e suas alterações podem influenciar na estética e na estabilidade dos resultados obtidos por esse procedimento. Objetivo O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar as alterações nas dimensões do nariz após expansão rápida da maxila em respiradores orais com atresia maxilar, usando uma metodologia confiável e reprodutível com o auxílio de tomografia computadorizada. Método Um total de 30 pacientes respiradores orais com atresia maxilar foram avaliados e divididos em um grupo de tratamento, submetidos à expansão rápida da maxila (20 pacientes, 10 dos quais do sexo masculino e 10 do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 8,9 anos e DP de 2,16, variando de 6,5 a 12,5 anos) e um grupo controle (10 pacientes, sendo 5 do sexo masculino e 5 do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 9,2 anos, DP de 2,17, variando de 6,11 a 13,7 anos). No grupo tratado, foram realizados exames de tomografia computadorizada multislice no início do tratamento (T1) e 3 meses após a expansão (T2). Os pacientes do grupo controle foram submetidos aos mesmos exames nos mesmos intervalos de tempo. Foram analisadas quatro variáveis relacionadas às estruturas dos tecidos moles do nariz (largura da base alar, largura alar, altura do tecido mole do nariz e comprimento do tecido mole do nariz) e os resultados entre T1 e T2 foram comparados, utilizando-se o software Osirix MD. Resultados No grupo tratado (GT), os tecidos moles do nariz apresentaram aumentos significativos em todas as variáveis estudadas (p < 0,05), enquanto isso não ocorreu no GC (p > 0,05). No GT, a largura média da base alar aumentou 4,87% (p = 0,004), a largura média alar aumentou 4,04% (p = 0,004), a altura média dos tecidos moles do nariz aumentou 4,84% (p = 0,003) e o comprimento médio dos tecidos moles do nariz aumentou 4,29% (p = 0,012). Conclusão A curto prazo, a expansão rápida da maxila proporcionou um aumento estatisticamente significativo nas dimensões dos tecidos moles do nariz.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Adolescente , Nariz/anatomía & histología , Nariz/diagnóstico por imagen , Técnica de Expansión Palatina , Respiración por la Boca/fisiopatología , Valores de Referencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Puntos Anatómicos de Referencia , Tomografía Computarizada Multidetector , Maxilar/anomalías , Respiración por la Boca/terapiaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Rapid maxillary expansion is an orthodontic and orthopedic procedure that can change the form and function of the nose. The soft tissue of the nose and its changes can influence the esthetics and the stability of the results obtained by this procedure. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the changes in nose dimensions after rapid maxillary expansion in oral breathers with maxillary atresia, using a reliable and reproducible methodology through computed tomography. METHODS: A total of 30 mouth-breathing patients with maxillary atresia were analyzed and divided into a treatment group who underwent rapid maxillary expansion (20 patients, 10 of which were male and 10 female, with a MA of 8.9 years and a SD of 2.16, ranging from 6.5 to 12.5 years) and a Control Group (10 patients, 5 of which were male and 5 female, with a MA of 9.2 years, SD of 2.17, ranging from 6.11 to 13.7 years). In the treatment group, multislice computed tomography scans were obtained at the start of the treatment (T1) and 3 months after expansion (T2). The patients of the control group were submitted to the same exams at the same intervals of time. Four variables related to soft tissue structures of the nose were analyzed (alar base width, alar width, height of soft tissue of the nose and length of soft tissue of the nose), and the outcomes between T1 and T2 were compared using Osirix MD software. RESULTS: In the TG, the soft tissues of the nose exhibited significant increases in all variables studied (p<0.05), whereas, changes did not occur in the control group (p>0.05). In the treatment group, mean alar base width increased by 4.87% (p=0.004), mean alar width increased by 4.04% (p=0.004), mean height of the soft tissues of the nose increased by 4.84% (p=0.003) and mean length of the soft tissues of the nose increased by 4.29% (p=0.012). CONCLUSION: In short-term, rapid maxillary expansion provided a statistically significant increase in the dimensions of the soft tissues of the nose.
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Respiración por la Boca/fisiopatología , Nariz/anatomía & histología , Nariz/diagnóstico por imagen , Técnica de Expansión Palatina , Adolescente , Puntos Anatómicos de Referencia , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Maxilar/anomalías , Respiración por la Boca/terapia , Tomografía Computarizada Multidetector , Valores de Referencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Introduction The inferior turbinate (IT) is the most susceptible turbinate to enlargement causing nasal obstruction. The common belief ascribes most of the enlargement of the IT to mucosal elements. Objective This study aimed to investigate the detailed computed tomography (CT) measurement of the IT in asymptomatic adult by determining the thickness of both the non-bony (mucosa) and bony parts and their relation to nasal air space in different related areas of the nose. Methods We included in the study paranasal CT scans of 108 individuals (216 IT) that had no paranasal pathology. We acquired axial images with multiplanar reformates to obtain delicate details in coronal and sagittal planes for all subjects. We took separate measurements of the thickness of the medial mucosa, bones, and lateral mucosa of the IT on the anterior and posterior portions of ITs. We also measured the air space of the nasal cavity between the septum and IT anteriorly and posteriorly. Results The difference in the air space between nasal septum, anterior and posterior ends of IT was extremely statistically significant (P < 0.0001). The thickness of the medial mucosa was extremely significantly more than the lateral mucosa width (P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in length of IT at both sides ( p = 0.5781). Conclusion The detailed CT measurement of the IT in normal adult is an easy and novel measurement. This study lays the foundation for CT measurement of IT for further work that can describe changes in IT measures after turbinate surgery.
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Abstract Introduction The inferior turbinate (IT) is the most susceptible turbinate to enlargement causing nasal obstruction. The common belief ascribes most of the enlargement of the IT to mucosal elements. Objective This study aimed to investigate the detailed computed tomography (CT) measurement of the IT in asymptomatic adult by determining the thickness of both the non-bony (mucosa) and bony parts and their relation to nasal air space in different related areas of the nose. Methods We included in the study paranasal CT scans of 108 individuals (216 IT) that had no paranasal pathology. We acquired axial images with multiplanar reformates to obtain delicate details in coronal and sagittal planes for all subjects. We took separate measurements of the thickness of themedialmucosa, bones, and lateralmucosa of the IT on the anterior and posterior portions of ITs. We also measured the air space of the nasal cavity between the septum and IT anteriorly and posteriorly. Results The difference in the air space between nasal septum, anterior and posterior ends of IT was extremely statistically significant (P < 0.0001). The thickness of the medial mucosa was extremely significantly more than the lateral mucosa width (P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in length of IT at both sides (p = 0.5781). Conclusion The detailed CT measurement of the IT in normal adult is an easy and novel measurement. This study lays the foundation for CT measurement of IT for further work that can describe changes in IT measures after turbinate surgery.
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La enfermedad diverticular del intestino delgado constituye una entidad de rara presentación, que suele confundirse con otras patologías más comunes cuando se complica. Los falsos divertículos son de origen primario o secundario, y asientan mayoritariamente en el duodeno. El divertículo verdadero más frecuente es el de Meckel. Las complicaciones aparecen en menos del 15% de los casos. Entre ellas, se destacan, por frecuencia, la perforación y/o inflamación, la obstrucción, el sangrado, y/o la diarrea crónica. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar el rol de la tomografía computada multidetector en el diagnóstico y manejo de la enfermedad diverticular del intestino delgado, exponiendo casos de la práctica diaria con correlato quirúrgico de pacientes evaluados en nuestra institución.
Small bowel diverticula is an uncommon and underdiagnosed pathology. False diverticula may be primary or secondary in origin and are frequently located in the duodenum. Meckel's diverticula is the most common true diverticula. Less than 15% of cases suffer complications, of which the following are, with decreasing frequency: inflammation and perforation, obstruction, bleeding, or chronic diarrhoea. In order to contribute to the best diagnosis and management of small-bowel diverticulosis, cases are presented that were initially evaluated with multislice computed tomography and confirmed surgically in our institution.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Diverticulitis/terapia , Diverticulitis/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades Intestinales/diagnóstico por imagen , Intestino Delgado/diagnóstico por imagen , Diarrea/complicaciones , Tomografía Computarizada Multidetector/métodos , Hemorragia/complicacionesRESUMEN
Evaluate whether glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (DM2) asymptomatic for coronary artery disease (CAD) affects not only the presence and magnitude of CAD but also the characteristics of plaque vulnerability using multidetector row computed coronary tomography (MDCT). Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is frequently observed in asymptomatic DM2 patients. Positive vessel remodeling (PR) and low-attenuation plaques (LAP) identified by MDCT have been demonstrated to be characteristics of subsequent culprit lesions of ACS. However, little is known regarding plaque characteristics in asymptomatic diabetic patients and their relationship with glycemic control. Ninety asymptomatic DM2 patients, aged 40-65 years old, underwent MDCT. The presence of atherosclerotic obstruction, defined as coronary stenosis ≥50 %, and plaque characteristics were compared between two groups of patients with A1c < 7 and A1c ≥ 7 %. Of the 90 patients, 38 (42.2 %) presented with coronary atherosclerotic plaques, 11 had A1c < 7 % and 27 had A1c ≥ 7 % (p = 0.0006). Fourteen patients had significant lumen obstruction higher than 50 %: 3 in the A1c < 7 % group and 11 in the A1c ≥ 7 % group (p = 0.02). Non-calcified plaque was more prevalent in the A1c ≥ 7 % group (p = 0.005). In eleven patients, the simultaneous presence of two vulnerability plaque characteristics (PR and LAP) were observed more frequently in the A1c ≥ 7 group (n = 8) than in the A1c < 7 group (n = 3) (p = 0.04). Asymptomatic DM2 patients with A1c ≥ 7 % have a higher frequency of CAD and a higher proportion of vulnerable atherosclerotic coronary plaque by MDCT compared to patients with DM2 with A1c < 7 in our study.
Asunto(s)
Glucemia/metabolismo , Angiografía por Tomografía Computarizada , Angiografía Coronaria/métodos , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Vasos Coronarios/diagnóstico por imagen , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Angiopatías Diabéticas/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada Multidetector , Placa Aterosclerótica , Adulto , Anciano , Enfermedades Asintomáticas , Biomarcadores/sangre , Brasil/epidemiología , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Angiopatías Diabéticas/epidemiología , Femenino , Hemoglobina Glucada/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Prevalencia , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Calcificación Vascular/diagnóstico por imagen , Calcificación Vascular/epidemiología , Remodelación VascularRESUMEN
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a acurácia e reprodutibilidade de medidas ósseas lineares e volumétricas através do processamento de dados obtidos por tomografia computadorizada multislice por dois softwares Amira6® e CoDiagnostiX®. O material da pesquisa foi composto de uma mandíbula seca. Foi feita uma tomada tomográfica da peça intacta e uma segunda tomada com a mandíbula adicionada de quatro enxertos em bloco de diferentes dimensões, além de quatro desgastes. Os dados obtidos foram então processados através dos dois softwares por 3 examinadores, previamente calibrados, duas vezes cada um. As medidas físicas lineares dos blocos foram obtidas com um paquímetro digital e as de volume dos blocos e desgastes pela técnica do deslocamento em água em um cilíndro milimetrado. O volume dos desgastes foi obtido por preenchimento dos mesmos com resina bisacrílica de uma moldagem feita com a mandíbula intacta sobreposta na mesma com os desgastes, estes dados foram processados apenas pelo software Amira6® que permite a sobreposição de imagens 3D. A acurácia das medidas lineares e de volume foi avaliada pela comparação com o padrão ouro através do teste-T de Student e ANOVA. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença estatística significante nas medidas lineares e volumétricas obtidas entre os dois softwares e quando comparados individualmente com o padrão ouro.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of linear and volumetric bone measurements through data processing obtained by multislice computed tomography for two softwares: Amira6® and CoDiagnostiX®. The research material was composed of a dry mandible. A first tomography was made and then the jaw was added with four bone block grafts of different sizes and four wears were made in the chin area. The data were then processed twice using the two softwares by 3 examiners previously calibrated. Linear physical measurements of the blocks were obtained with a digital caliper and the volume of the blocks and wears by water displacement in a calibrated cylinder. The volume of each wear was obtained by filling the same with bis-acrylic composite of a matrix made with the jaw intact superimposed on it, these data were processed only by Amira6® software that allows 3D images overlap. The accuracy of linear and volumetric measurements was evaluated by comparison to the gold standard by Student T-test and ANOVA. The results showed no statistically significant difference in linear and volumetric measurements between the two softwares and individually when compared with the gold standard.