RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Norwegian school health services received a national best-practice guideline in 2017. To promote healthy life skills and identify adolescents needing support, the guideline includes strong recommendations for individual consultations with all 8th graders and increased collaboration with schools. To help implement the recommendations, a blended implementation strategy (SchoolHealth) was co-created with school nurses, students, and stakeholders. SchoolHealth consists of three implementation elements: Digital dialog and administration tool (audit and feedback +), Dialog support (external consultation), and Collaboration materials (targeted dissemination). This hybrid study will test the main and combined effects of the elements on guideline fidelity and effectiveness. METHODS: The GuideMe study is a factorial cluster randomized controlled trial examining SchoolHealth's effectiveness on guideline fidelity and guideline effectiveness goals. Forty Norwegian secondary schools will be randomized to eight different combinations of the elements in SchoolHealth. Participants will include school nurses and school personnel from these schools, and 8th grade students (n = 1200). Primary outcomes are school nurses' fidelity to the guidelines and student's ability to cope with their life (i.e., health literacy, positive health behaviors and self-efficacy). Quantitative methods will be used to test effects and mechanisms, while mixed- and qualitative methods will be used to explore mechanisms, experiences, and other phenomena in depth. Participants will complete digital questionnaires at the start and end of the schoolyear, and after the consultation during the schoolyear. The study will run in two waves, each lasting for one school year. The multifactorial design allows testing of interactions and main effects due to equal distribution of all factors within each main effect. Sustainment and scale-up of optimized SchoolHealth elements using national infrastructure are simultaneously prepared. DISCUSSION: The study will investigate possible effects of the implementation elements in isolation and in combination, and hypothesized implementation mechanisms. In-depth study of user experiences will inform improvements to elements in SchoolHealth. The results will yield causal knowledge about implementation strategies and the mechanisms through which they assert effects. Mixed-methods will provide insights into how and when the elements work. Optimizing guideline implementation elements can support adolescents in a crucial life phase. TRAIL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN24173836. Registration date 8 August 2022.
Asunto(s)
Servicios de Salud Escolar , Instituciones Académicas , Adolescente , Humanos , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Estudiantes , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como AsuntoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to prepare proniosomal vesicles of Telmisartan (TEL) to be compressed into tablets which will be further evaluated in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An experimental design was adopted using surfactants of different HLB values (span 40-brij 35), different cholesterol ratios (20-50%) and different phospholipid types (egg yolk-soyabean). Different responses were measured followed by tablet manufacturing. The highest EE was shown in F3 (85%) while the lowest value was obtained in F7 (8.4%). Finally, zeta potential results were in the range of -0.67 to -27.6 mv. Compressibility percent revealed that F5 showed an excellent flowability characteristic with a value of 9.74±1.61 while F3 and F6 showed good flowability characteristics. By the end of the release, F6 showed approximately 90% drug release. RESULTS: F6 was selected for the in vivo study; Cmax was increased by 1.5-fold while AUC0-∞ also increased significantly by 3-fold when compared with commercial tablet and finally, tmax was increased by 3-fold indicating sustained release pattern. The relative bioavailability was also increased by 3.2-fold. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggested that the formulation of compressed tablets containing more stable proniosomal powder extended the release of TEL and increased its bioavailability as well.
Asunto(s)
Antihipertensivos/farmacocinética , Telmisartán/farmacocinética , Administración Oral , Animales , Antihipertensivos/administración & dosificación , Antihipertensivos/sangre , Disponibilidad Biológica , Composición de Medicamentos , Liposomas/administración & dosificación , Liposomas/sangre , Liposomas/farmacocinética , Tamaño de la Partícula , Conejos , Propiedades de Superficie , Comprimidos , Telmisartán/administración & dosificación , Telmisartán/sangreRESUMEN
Ulva ohnoi is a green macroalga with fast growth and high rates of nitrogen and phosphorus absorption. Recently, this species has been recorded in several places with record green tide formation in some of them. Using molecular tools, we herein report the first occurrence of this species in Brazil and demonstrate its potential for phytoremediation in typical environmental concentrations of Cd (0.625-15⯵gâ¯L-1). Similarly, the effects of physicochemical parameters (salinity and temperature) on the toxicity and uptake efficiency of this species were evaluated. Molecular analysis of two sequences (1141â¯bp) obtained corroborates another 34 sequences for U. ohnoi obtained from GenBank. The addition of Cd in the medium affected photosynthetic parameters and reduced growth rate. U. ohnoi showed resistance to Cd when cultivated at 18⯰C, S15 and 18-25⯰C, S35, at concentrations between 0.625 and 2.5⯵g. L-1 of Cd; yet, positive growth rate was maintained. Dose-dependent accumulation was observed in all combinations of factors used with a maximum value of 4.20⯵gâ¯Cd per gram of dry seaweed at 15⯵g. L-1 of Cd at 18⯰C and S35. Maximum value of the concentration factor was 81.3⯱â¯1.1% of Cd added at the concentration of 0.625⯵g. L-1 to S15 and 18⯰C. Our results demonstrate the potential of using U. ohnoi in the phytoremediation of Cd in saltwater or brackish water.
Asunto(s)
Cadmio/toxicidad , Algas Marinas/efectos de los fármacos , Ulva/efectos de los fármacos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidad , Biodegradación Ambiental , Brasil , Cadmio/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Nitrógeno/metabolismo , Fósforo/metabolismo , Fotosíntesis/efectos de los fármacos , Salinidad , Algas Marinas/metabolismo , Temperatura , Ulva/metabolismo , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/metabolismoRESUMEN
The complex cellular microenvironment plays an important role in determining cell fate. For example, stem cells located in a microenvironment termed niche integrate a wide variety of extrinsic cues to take distinct fate choices. Capturing this multiple-input/multiple-output system in vitro has proven to be very challenging. In order to address this issue, we developed and validated a microfabricated cellular array platform, termed artificial niche microarrays, which is capable of performing high-throughput single-cell assays under physiologically relevant conditions. The platform allows exposing cultured cells to differential signaling cues displayed on soft hydrogel substrates having variable stiffness. The behavior of the seeded cells can be readily quantified across over 2000 multivariate microenvironments. Here we describe a pipeline for performing multifactorial, image-based assays with these artificial niche microarrays. The procedure details the steps from microarray production, cell culture, cell phenotyping, data extraction to statistical analysis.
Asunto(s)
Análisis por Micromatrices/métodos , Nicho de Células Madre , Humanos , Análisis por Micromatrices/instrumentación , Células Madre/citologíaRESUMEN
Nutrient removal performances of sequencing batch reactors using granular sludge for intensified biological wastewater treatment rely on optimal underlying microbial selection. Trigger factors of bacterial selection and nutrient removal were investigated in these novel biofilm systems with specific emphasis on polyphosphate- (PAO) and glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAO) mainly affiliated with Accumulibacter and Competibacter, respectively. In a first dynamic reactor operated with stepwise changes in concentration and ratio of acetate and propionate (Ac/Pr) under anaerobic feeding and aerobic starvation conditions and without wasting sludge periodically, propionate favorably selected for Accumulibacter (35% relative abundance) and stable production of granular biomass. A Plackett-Burman multifactorial experimental design was then used to screen in eight runs of 50 days at stable sludge retention time of 15 days for the main effects of COD concentration, Ac/Pr ratio, COD/P ratio, pH, temperature, and redox conditions during starvation. At 95% confidence level, pH was mainly triggering direct Accumulibacter selection and nutrient removal. The overall PAO/GAO competition in granular sludge was statistically equally impacted by pH, temperature, and redox factors. High Accumulibacter abundances (30-47%), PAO/GAO ratios (2.8-8.4), and phosphorus removal (80-100%) were selected by slightly alkaline (pH > 7.3) and lower mesophilic (<20 °C) conditions, and under full aeration during fixed 2-h starvation. Nitrogen removal by nitrification and denitrification (84-97%) was positively correlated to pH and temperature. In addition to alkalinity, non-limited organic conditions, 3-carbon propionate substrate, sludge age control, and phase length adaptation under alternating aerobic-anoxic conditions during starvation can lead to efficient nutrient-removing granular sludge biofilm systems.