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Background: Brain network dysfunction has been characterized by resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the prodromal stage. This study aimed to identify multi-modal electrophysiological and neuroimaging biomarkers for differential diagnosis in synucleinopathies and phenoconversion in isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD). Methods: We enrolled 35 patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA), 32 with Parkinson's disease (PD), 30 with iRBD and 30 matched healthy controls (HC). Power spectral density (PSD) was calculated in different frequency bands. EEG functional connectivity (FC) was calculated using the weighted Phase Lag Index (wPLI) after source localization. Significant network disruptions were further confirmed by MRI FC analysis. Results: Quantitative EEG analysis demonstrated that delta and theta power spectral density significantly differed among MSA, PD and HC. The increased PSD was correlated with cognitive decline and olfactory dysfunction in PD. Band-specific FC profiles were observed in theta, alpha, and gamma bands. The hypoconnected alpha network significantly correlated with motor dysfunction, while the gamma FC distinguished PD from MSA. By integrating EEG and MRI network analyses, we found that FC between the olfactory cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was significantly different between MSA and PD. A multimodal discriminative model for MSA and PD, integrating spectral and FC attributes of EEG and MRI, yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.900. Simultaneously, we found the FC abnormalities were more prominent than spectral features in iRBD indicating prodromal dysfunction. The decreased FC between the angular gyrus and striatum was identified in α-synucleinopathies. This hypoconnectivity was associated with dopaminergic degeneration in iRBD examined by dopamine transporter imaging. Discussion: Our study demonstrated EEG spectral and functional profiles in prodromal and clinical-defined synucleinopathies. Multimodal EEG and MRI provided a novel approach to discriminate MSA and PD, and monitor neurodegenerative progression in the preclinical phase.

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BACKGROUND: Meeting the 24-hour movement behavior (24-HMB) guideline helps enhance quality of life (QOL) of adolescents. This study aimed to assess the associations between the 24-HMB (physical activity, screen time, sleep) and QOL among adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2021 and September 2023. 24-HMB, QOL and demographic variables were collected through a self-reported questionnaire. Linear regression models and stratified analyses were used to explore statistical associations between the 24-HMB and QOL. RESULTS: A total of 1073 participants aged 10-18 years with a spinal Cobb angle between 10° and 40° were included. Overall, 20 participants (1.9%) met all three behavioral guidelines, and 272 participants (25.3%) met none. Compared to those who did not meet any of the guidelines, adolescents meeting both screen time and sleep duration (ß = 4.10, 95% CI: 2.02-6.18, P < 0.001) and all 3 guidelines (ß = 4.39, 95% CI: 0.27-8.51, P = 0.037) had higher QOL scores. Stratified analyses showed that the above associations were more pronounced in adolescents without back pain or with good self-image. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the importance of adopting and maintaining healthy behavioral habits in order to improve QOL among adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis, especially in those without back pain or with good self-image.

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BACKGROUND: Little is known about how adhering to the health guidelines for physical activity (PA), screen time (ST), and sleep duration (SD) relates to substance use in adolescents. Thus, this study aims to explore the potential association between adherence to the 24-h movement behavior (24-h MB) guidelines and substance use among adolescents. METHODS: Data from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance was analyzed. Participants reported their weekly PA, ST, SD, and substance use (alcohol and smoking) over the past 30 days. The mean age in the total participants was 15.56, and 48.03 % of the participants were females. Logistic regression was used in this study to explore the potential association between 24-h MB and substance use. Odds ratios (ORs) were reported alongside a 95 % confidence interval to enhance understanding of the observed association. RESULTS: Only 2.22 % participants adhered to all three 24-h MB guidelines, while 47.99 % did not follow any guidelines. Notably, there was no significant difference in the odds of cigarette smoking between participants who followed none of the guidelines and those who followed some or all of them. Nevertheless, adherence to one or more guidelines was found to be associated with higher odds of abstaining from alcohol consumption compared to non-adherence (one guidelines: OR = 1.17 [1.08, 1.28], two guidelines: OR = 1.28 [1.13, 1.44]). CONCLUSIONS: Adhering to 24-h MB guidelines may reduce adolescents' alcohol consumption, but the adherence was not significantly associated with smoking. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings. These results can inform adolescent health policies and interventions aimed at reducing substance use from the perspective of healthy time-use behaviors, which can be used for researchers and educator.

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Movement behaviors within the 24-h day, including physical activity (PA), sedentary time, and sleep, are associated with cardiometabolic health. We aimed to determine the association between 24-h movement composition and cardiometabolic health while accounting for sleep efficiency. Altogether, 1134 participants from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 study, free from prior cardiovascular disease, provided at least 4 days of 24-h activity and sleep efficiency measured with a wearable ring. Participants' body composition was assessed with bioimpedance, blood pressure, and waist circumference were measured, and lipids and glucose were analyzed from a fasting blood sample. Linear regression models for cardiometabolic outcomes were created with 24-h movement composition and covariates, including sleep efficiency and behavioral and socioeconomic factors. Isotemporal time reallocations were used to demonstrate the dose-dependent associations between time use and outcomes. Beneficial associations with the outcomes were detected when sedentary time was reallocated to light PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), or sleep. For example, substituting 30 min of sedentary time with MVPA was associated with 7.2% (95% CI from -9.8% to -4.5%) lower visceral fat area, 4.9% (95% CI from -6.5% to -3.3%) lower body fat percentage, 1.6% (95% CI from -2.3% to -0.9%) smaller waist circumference, and 2.4% (95% CI from 1.2% to 3.5%) higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol after accounting for gender, marital status, education level, employment, smoking, alcohol consumption, and sleep efficiency. Substituting sedentary time with sleep or light PA showed beneficial but smaller differences in adiposity measures and HDL cholesterol. Limiting sedentary time should be encouraged in adulthood.

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INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to explore associations between participation in out-of-school/weekend organized activities and adherence to the 24-hour movement guidelines among US adolescents. METHODS: Data from the 2022 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) (N=16,403, age=15.1±1.4 years, 48.1% female) was used for analyses in 2024. A parent/guardian completed surveys regarding adolescents' 24-hour movement behaviors (physical activity [PA], sleep [SL], and screentime [ST]), as well as participation in out-of-school and weekend activities (sports, clubs, other organized activities, and volunteering). Weighted logistic regression models were used to examine associations between participation in out-of-school and weekend organized activities and 24-hour movement guideline adherence, adjusted for sex, age, race/ethnicity, federal poverty level status, metropolitan statistical area status, and overweight/obesity status. RESULTS: Only 4.8% of adolescents met all three guidelines concurrently. Adolescents who participated in sports teams/lessons had higher odds of meeting PA (OR=2.11,95%CI:1.67-2.66), ST (OR=1.31,95%CI:1.12-1.53), PA+ST (OR=2.24,95%CI:1.63-3.07), PA+SL (OR=2.00,95%CI:1.53-2.63), SL+ST (OR=1.40,95%CI;1.19-1.66), and all three guidelines (OR=2.33,95%CI:1.61-3.39). Participation in other organized activities/lessons was associated with higher odds of meeting ST (OR=1.32,95%CI:1.13-1.56), and SL+ST guidelines (OR=1.39, 95%CI:1.16-1.66). Adolescents who volunteered had higher odds of meeting ST (OR=1.68,95%CI: 1.42-1.98), PA+ST (OR=1.75,95%CI:1.25-2.45), SL+ST (OR=1.64,95%CI:1.38-1.95), and all three guidelines (OR=1.80,95%CI:1.20-2.72). CONCLUSIONS: Participating in sports teams/lessons and community service/volunteer work is beneficially associated with concurrently meeting all three 24-hour movement guidelines and participating in other organized activities or lessons is associated with adherence to individual components of the 24-hour movement guidelines among US adolescents.

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OBJECTIVE: To diminish the negative influence of sarcopenia on senior adults, the study aimed to investigate the association between adherence to 24-h movement behavior guidelines (physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep duration) and the risk of sarcopenia among individuals aged ≥55 years in five low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS: A total of 16,503 adults aged ≥55 years were included in this cross-sectional study. The study utilized data from Global Aging and Adult Health Survey (SAGE). Participants reported their information about physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep duration using the questionnaire. Sarcopenia was identified as low skeletal muscle mass with a diminished gait speed or weakened handgrip strength. Multiple logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between adherence to 24-h movement behavior guidelines and the risk of sarcopenia. RESULTS: Merely 32.73 % of participants met all three 24-h movement behavior guidelines (physical activity, less sedentary behavior, sleep). Meeting all three guidelines (p < 0.01) was significantly associated with a lower risk of sarcopenia. Meeting physical activity only (p < 0.05), or meeting both physical activity and sedentary behaivor (p < 0.05), or meeting both physical activity and sleep duration (p < 0.01) guidelines were also associated with a reduced risk of sarcopenia. Moreover, adults aged 65+ years who adhered to 24-h movement behavior guidelines exhibited a significantly reduced risk of developing sarcopenia. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the adherence to 24-h movement behavior guidelines for regular physical activity, limited sedentary behavior, and sufficient sleep duration was associated with a reduced risk of sarcopenia in adults aged ≥55 years in five LMICs.

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BACKGROUND: Studies of animal habitat selection are important to identify and preserve the resources species depend on, yet often little attention is paid to how habitat needs vary depending on behavioral state. Fishers (Pekania pennanti) are known to be dependent on large, mature trees for resting and denning, but less is known about their habitat use when foraging or moving within a home range. METHODS: We used GPS locations collected during the energetically costly pre-denning season from 12 female fishers to determine fisher habitat selection during two critical behavioral activities: foraging (moving) or resting, with a focus on response to forest structure related to past forest management actions since this is a primary driver of fisher habitat configuration. We characterized behavior based on high-resolution GPS and collar accelerometer data and modeled fisher selection for these two behaviors within a home range (third-order selection). Additionally, we investigated whether fisher use of elements of forest structure or other important environmental characteristics changed as their availability changed, i.e., a functional response, for each behavior type. RESULTS: We found that fishers exhibited specialist selection when resting and generalist selection when moving, with resting habitat characterized by riparian drainages with dense canopy cover and moving habitat primarily influenced by the presence of mesic montane mixed conifer forest. Fishers were more tolerant of forest openings and other early succession elements when moving than resting. CONCLUSIONS: Our results emphasize the importance of considering the differing habitat needs of animals based on their movement behavior when performing habitat selection analyses. We found that resting fishers are more specialist in their habitat needs, while foraging fishers are more generalist and will tolerate greater forest heterogeneity from past disturbance.

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This study explored video-based decision-making and eye-movement behavior as a complementary method to assess the decision-making skills and knowledge of elite junior Australian Rules (AR) Football players. Performance was measured twice over an 18-month period. This approach tested a practical and reliable assessment of decision-making and game knowledge that does not contribute to physical training load. N = 59 participants were categorized based on their training age groups, U14 (N = 38, Mage 13.37 ± 0.47) and U16 (N = 21, Mage 14.80 ± 0.39). Participants watched 14 brief video clips and provided action choices while wearing eye-movement recording glasses that captured visual search patterns (e.g., fixations). Decision accuracy and speed of decision-making were also recorded. Participants with accurate decisions made significantly faster decisions compared to less skilled players (p < 0.001). Further, skilled participants had significantly fewer fixations of shorter duration compared to less skilled participants at both the initial and follow-up testing sessions (p < 0.0001). This suggests that eye-movement characteristics, remain a relatively stable measure over moderate periods of time. With the ability to differentiate between more and less skilled decision-makers, this proof-of-concept study proposes that examining eye movements in relation to decision-making and game knowledge is a viable tool for Talent Identification and Development (TID) to complement current measures. We provide a platform for further development and research in the quest for efficient and effective talent identification processes.

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Compared with parents of neurotypical children or children diagnosed with other disabilities, parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience poorer mental health, greater stress, and more depression and anxiety symptoms. This study aimed to assess the effects of a web-based 24-h movement behavior lifestyle education program on mental health and psychological well-being in parents of children with ASD. METHODS: This study employed a randomized controlled trial utilizing the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) as a theoretical framework. A total of 318 parents of children with ASD were enrolled and randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. The experimental group received an 8-week web-based 24-h movement behavior lifestyle education program, while the control group followed their usual routine. Two instruments, the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), were used to measure mental health and psychological well-being, respectively. The data were collected at two time points-at the beginning and the end of the intervention. RESULTS: Compared with the baseline and control groups, the experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in all outcome measures (p < 0.01). There were significant differences in the DASS-21 and SWLS scores between the two groups before and after the intervention (p ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSION: This study represents the first randomized controlled trial involving a web-based 24-h movement behavior lifestyle education program specifically designed to address the mental health and psychological well-being of parents of children with ASD. The findings confirm the potential impact of 24-h movement behavior lifestyle education as a functional and effective strategy for parents of children with ASD.

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Background: Playing a musical instrument requires physical movements that are involved in sound production and movements with more expressive and communicative characteristics. Both movements co-occur during a performance; however, the interaction between the movements is still unclear. Methods: Using motion capture technology, the movement patterns of clarinetists were analyzed at certain points in a performance to investigate how instrumental and ancillary movements interplay. Movements in the arms and knees of clarinetists during a performance were recorded using this technology. The mean angular movements at specific points in the piece, where some players inhaled and others did not, were compared. Results: While the players who inhaled adopted significantly more upright body and neutral arm positions, the players who did not inhale seemed less interrupted in their performance. The results showed that the players performed rather individual ancillary movements, but at specific points, such as during melodic transitions, they performed similarly. At certain points in the melody, while some players needed to inhale, others adjusted their playing according to the inhalation moment to adopt a suitable body position. Discussion: The ancillary movement was consequently interrupted by the physiological necessity to inhale. The findings provide more insights into the interplay of instrumental and ancillary movements during a performance.

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PURPOSE: Accelerometers are used to objectively measure physical activity; however, the relationship between accelerometer-based activity parameters and bone health is not well understood. This study examines the association between accelerometer-estimated daily activity impact intensities and future risk estimates of major osteoporotic fractures in a large population-based cohort. METHODS: Participants were 3165 adults 46 years of age from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 who agreed to wear a hip-worn accelerometer during all waking hours for 14 consecutive days. Raw accelerometer data were converted to resultant acceleration. Impact magnitude peaks were extracted and divided into 32 intensity bands, and the osteogenic index (OI) was calculated to assess the osteogenic effectiveness of various activities. Additionally, the impact peaks were categorized into three separate impact intensity categories (low, medium, and high). The 10-year probabilities of hip and all major osteoporotic fractures were estimated with FRAX-tool using clinical and questionnaire data in combination with body mass index collected at the age of 46 years. The associations of daily activity impact intensities with 10-year fracture probabilities were examined using three statistical approaches: multiple linear regression, partial correlation, and partial least squares (PLS) regression. RESULTS: On average, participants' various levels of impact were 8331 (SD = 3478) low; 2032 (1248) medium; and 1295 (1468) high impacts per day. All three statistical approaches found a significant positive association between the daily number of low-intensity impacts and 10-year probability of hip and all major osteoporotic fractures. In contrast, increased number of moderate to very high daily activity impacts was associated with a lower probability of future osteoporotic fractures. A higher OI was also associated with a lower probability of future major osteoporotic fractures. CONCLUSION: Low-intensity impacts might not be sufficient for reducing fracture risk in middle-aged adults, while high-intensity impacts could be beneficial for preventing major osteoporotic fractures.

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Abstract Objective: To examine if the substitution of different screen time intervals with light physical activity (LPA), moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sleep is associated with cardiovascular indicators and inflammatory markers in children. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study developed with 186 children aged between six and 11 years old from public schools in southern Brazil. CRF was measured with the 6-minute running and walking test, following the Brazil Sports Project procedures. The percentage of fat was evaluated through DXA. LPA and MVPA were measured using accelerometers. Sleep and screen time were assessed by questionnaires answered by parents. Leptin and C-reactive protein were measured by fasting blood collection. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were determined through a digital sphygmomanometer. Isotemporal substitution models were used for statistical analysis. Results: Replacing 1 h of screen time with MVPA was associated with lower BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fat percentage, leptin, and C-reactive protein. When screen time was substituted for sleep time, lower waist circumference was observed. Regarding the substitution of 1 h of screen time with LPA, significant values were found only for leptin. Conclusion: The replacement of screen time with physical activities of different intensities and sleep time was associated with benefits in cardiovascular indicators and inflammatory markers in childhood.

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the independent and joint associations between sedentary behaviors (SB) and physical activity (PA) with inhibitory control (IC) in adults. METHODS: A total of 111 participants (median age = 30 years; 60% women), completed the Stroop Color-Words test to assess IC. They also wore accelerometers for seven days to measure SB, light PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and daily steps. We previously set cutoff points for SB and PA measurements and tested them to determine their association with IC. All analyses were adjusted for potential confounding factors including age, gender, post-secondary education, income, body mass index, and accelerometer wear time. RESULTS: Low SB, high MVPA, and high daily steps were independently associated with a better IC compared to their respective counterparts. Adults with low levels of SB and light PA demonstrated better IC performance (ß = -227.67, 95%CI = -434.14 to -21.20) compared to those with high SB and low light PA. Conversely, individuals with high SB and high light PA exhibited worse performance (ß = 126.80, 95%CI = 2.11 to 251.50) than those in the high SB and low light PA group. Furthermore, the joint association of low SB with high MVPA (ß = -491.12, 95%CI = -689.23 to -293.01) or low SB with high daily steps (ß = -254.29, 95%CI = -416.41 to -92.16) demonstrated better IC performance compared to those with high SB and low MVPA or low daily steps. CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight independent and joint associations between low SB, high MVPA, and high daily steps with enhanced IC in adults.

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The 24-h movement behavior of preschoolers comprises a spectrum of activities, including moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), light-intensity physical activity (LPA), screen-based sedentary behavior (SCSB), non-screen-based sedentary behavior (NSCSB), and sleep. While previous research has shed light on the link between movement behaviors and children's mental health, the specific impacts on the unique demographic of Chinese preschoolers remain underexplored. This study significantly contributes to the literature by exploring how 24-h movement behavior affects the mental health of preschoolers in a Chinese context. The study involved205 Chinese preschool children (117 boys and 88 girls) between the ages of 3 and 6 years wore accelerometers to measure their LPA, MVPA, and sedentary behavior (SB), while their parents reported the time spent on sleep and SCSB. The parents also completed the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire to assess their children's mental health. The study used compositional regression and isotemporal substitution models to examine the relationship between the various components of 24-h movement behavior and mental health. The results showed that greater NCSSB compared to MVPA, LPA, sleep, and SCSB was associated with good prosocial behavior and lower scores on externalizing problems. This highlights the potential of NSCSB as a beneficial component in the daily routine of preschoolers for fostering mental well-being. Replacing 15 min of sleep and SCSB with 15 min of NSCSB was associated with a decrease of 0.24 and 0.15 units, respectively, in externalizing problems. Reallocating 15 min of sleep to NSCSB was linked to an increase of 0.11 units in prosocial behavior. There were no significant substitution effects between LPA and MVPA time with any other movement behavior on prosocial behavior and externalizing problems. Given the positive associations observed, further longitudinal studies are necessary to explore the link between 24-h movement behavior and mental health in preschool children.

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Step-selection models are widely used to study animals' fine-scale habitat selection based on movement data. Resource preferences and movement patterns, however, often depend on the animal's unobserved behavioral states, such as resting or foraging. As this is ignored in standard (integrated) step-selection analyses (SSA, iSSA), different approaches have emerged to account for such states in the analysis. The performance of these approaches and the consequences of ignoring the states in step-selection analysis, however, have rarely been quantified. We evaluate the recent idea of combining iSSAs with hidden Markov models (HMMs), which allows for a joint estimation of the unobserved behavioral states and the associated state-dependent habitat selection. Besides theoretical considerations, we use an extensive simulation study and a case study on fine-scale interactions of simultaneously tracked bank voles (Myodes glareolus) to compare this HMM-iSSA empirically to both the standard and a widely used classification-based iSSA (i.e., a two-step approach based on a separate prior state classification). Moreover, to facilitate its use, we implemented the basic HMM-iSSA approach in the R package HMMiSSA available on GitHub.

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CX3CR1+ cells play a crucial role in liver fibrosis progression. However, changes in the migratory behavior and spatial distribution of spleen-derived and hepatic CX3CR1+ cells in the fibrotic liver as well as their influence on the liver fibrosis remain unclear. METHODS: The CX3CR1GFP/+ transgenic mice and CX3CR1-KikGR transgenic mice were used to establish the CCl4-induced liver fibrosis model. Splenectomy, adoptive transfusion of splenocytes, in vivo photoconversion of splenic CX3CR1+ cells and intravital imaging were performed to study the spatial distribution, migration and movement behavior, and regulatory function of CX3CR1+ cells in liver fibrosis. RESULTS: Intravital imaging revealed that the CX3CR1GFP cells accumulated into the fibrotic liver and tended to accumulate towards the central vein (CV) in the hepatic lobules. Two subtypes of hepatic CX3CR1+ cells existed in the fibrotic liver. The first subtype was the interacting CX3CR1GFP cells, most of which were observed to distribute in the liver parenchyma and had a higher process velocity; the second subtype was mobile CX3CR1GFP cells, most of which were present in the hepatic vessels with a faster moving speed. Splenectomy ameliorated liver fibrosis and decreased the number of CX3CR1+ cells in the fibrotic liver. Moreover, splenectomy rearranged CX3CR1GFP cells to the boundary of the hepatic lobule, reduced the process velocity of interacting CX3CR1GFP cells and decreased the number and mobility of mobile CX3CR1GFP cells in the fibrotic liver. Transfusion of spleen-derived classical monocytes increased the process velocity and mobility of hepatic endogenous CX3CR1GFP cells and facilitated liver fibrosis progression via the production of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines. The photoconverted splenic CX3CR1+ KikRed+ cells were observed to leave the spleen, accumulate into the fibrotic liver and contact with hepatic CX3CR1+ KikGreen+ cells during hepatic fibrosis. CONCLUSION: The splenic CX3CR1+ monocytes with classical phenotype migrated from the spleen to the fibrotic liver, modifying the migratory behavior of hepatic endogenous CX3CR1GFP cells and exacerbating liver fibrosis via the secretion of cytokines. This study reveals that splenic CX3CR1+ classical monocytes are a key driver of liver fibrosis via the spleen-liver axis and may be potential candidate targets for the treatment of chronic liver fibrosis.

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AIMS: We examined the longitudinal associations of sedentary time (ST), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) from childhood with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), a measure of arterial stiffness and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). METHODS: We studied 1339 children, aged 11 years from Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, UK, followed up for 13 years. Accelerometer-based ST, LPA, and MVPA were assessed at ages 11, 15, and 24 years clinic visits. cfPWV and cIMT were measured with Vicorder and ultrasound, respectively, at ages 17 and 24 years. RESULTS: Among 1339 [56.4% female] participants, mean ST increased from ages 11 through 24 years, while mean LPA and MVPA decreased. Persistently high ST tertile from childhood was associated with increased cfPWV progression, effect estimate 0.047 m/s; [(95% CI 0.005 to 0.090); p = 0.030], but not cIMT progression. Persistently high LPA tertile category was associated with decreased cfPWV progression in males -0.022 m/s; [(-0.028 to -0.017); p < 0.001] and females -0.027 m/s; [(-0.044 to -0.010); p < 0.001]. Cumulative LPA exposure decreased the odds of progressively worsening cfPWV [Odds ratio 0.994 (0.994-0.995); p < 0.0001] and cIMT. Persistent exposure to ≥60 min/day of MVPA was paradoxically associated with increased cfPWV progression in males 0.053 m/s; [(0.030 to 0.077); p < 0.001] and females 0.012 m/s; [(0.002 to 0.022); p = 0.016]. Persistent exposure to ≥60 min/day of MVPA was inversely associated with cIMT progression in females -0.017 mm; [(-0.026 to -0.009); p < 0.001]. CONCLUSION: LPA >3 h/day from childhood may attenuate progressively worsening vascular damage associated with increased ST in youth.

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Trauma-associated sleep disorder (TASD) is a recently described parasomnia that develops following a traumatic event. It consists of trauma-related nightmares, disruptive nocturnal behaviors, and autonomic disturbances, and shares similarities with post-traumatic stress disorder and rapid eye movement behavior disorder. The underlying pathophysiology of TASD and how it relates to other parasomnias are still not entirely understood; proposed treatment is similarly nebulous, with prazosin at the forefront along with management of comorbid sleep disorders. The purpose of this article is to characterize and highlight the clinical features of this condition.

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Dancers frequently perform jumps in the context of a prolonged, continuous dance piece. The purpose of this study is to explore the lower-extremity energetics in healthy dancers performing repetitive dance jumps (sautés) before and after typical dance-specific choreography. Lower-extremity kinetic data were collected from 14 healthy female dancers during a series of sautés performed before and after 3 minutes of dance. Percent contributions of the lower-extremity joints to the whole-limb mechanical energy expenditure during ground contact were calculated. The jumps performed at the beginning were compared with the jumps at the end of the dance choreography. Dancers maintained the jump rate and consistent whole-limb mechanical energy expenditure between the jump series. As expected, for both jump series, the sautés had greater relative energetic contribution from the ankle and knee as compared with lesser contribution from the hip and toe. However, we observed lesser contribution from the knee and greater contribution from the hip after a 3-minute dance. After performing typical dance choreography, the dancers demonstrated a distal to proximal redistribution of individual joints' contribution to whole-limb mechanical energy expenditure.

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Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous disorder, resulting in challenges with early detection. However, changes in sleep and movement patterns may help improve detection. Thus, this study aimed to explore the utility of wrist-worn actigraphy data in combination with machine learning (ML) and deep learning techniques to detect MDD using a commonly used screening method: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Participants (N = 8,378; MDD Screening = 766 participants) completed the and wore Actigraph GT3X+ for one week as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Leveraging minute-level, actigraphy data, we evaluated the efficacy of two commonly used ML approaches and identified actigraphy-derived biomarkers indicative of MDD. We employed two ML modeling strategies: (1) a traditional ML approach with theory-driven feature derivation, and (2) a deep learning Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) approach, coupled with gramian angular field transformation. Findings revealed movement-related features to be the most influential in the traditional ML approach and nighttime movement to be the most influential in the CNN approach for detecting MDD. Using a large, nationally-representative sample, this study highlights the potential of using passively-collected, actigraphy data for understanding MDD to better improve diagnosing and treating MDD.

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