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Cardiovascular diseases are a broadly understood concept focusing on vascular and heart dysfunction. Lack of physical exercise, type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, thromboembolism, and kidney and lung diseases all contribute to the development of heart and blood vessel dysfunction. Although effective and important, traditional treatment with diuretics, statins, beta blockers, calcium inhibitors, ACE inhibitors, and anti-platelet drugs remains a second-line treatment after dietary interventions and lifestyle changes. Scientists worldwide are still looking for an herbal product that would be effective and free from side effects, either taken together with or before the standard pharmacological intervention. Such herbal-originated medication therapy may include Morus alba L. (white mulberry), Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson (sea-buckthorn), Allium sativum L. (garlic), Convallaria majalis L. (lily of the valley), Leonurus cardiaca L. (motherwort), and Crataegus spp. (hawthorn). Valuable herbal raw materials include leaves, fruits, seeds, and even thorns. This short review focuses on six herbs that can constitute an interesting and potential therapeutic option in the management of cardiovascular disorders.

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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the curative effect of motherwort combined with ethinylestradiol-cyproterone acetate (EE/CPA) on dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB). METHODS: Atotal of 68 patients with DUB were divided into a single medication group (treated with EE/CPA) and a combination medication group(treated with motherwort and EE/CPA). The clinical efficacy, uterine hemodynamic parameters, sex hormone levels, coagulation index levels, blood routine test levels, and adverse reactions of patients were evaluated. RESULTS: After three months of treatment, total treatment response rate of the combination medication group was significantly higher than that of the single medication group. Decreased uterine volume, endometrial thickness and resistance index (RI), increased pulsatility index(PI), average flow rate, and uterine artery blood flow, as well asreduced follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH),estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen (FIB), thrombin time(TT), platelet count (PLT), red blood cell (RBC), and hemoglobin (Hb)levels were witnessed in patients of the two groups. In thecombination medication group, there exhibited reduced uterine volume, endometrial thickness and RI, elevated PI, average flow rate, and uterine artery blood flow, reduced P, E2, FSH, LH, aPTT, PT, FIB, TT,PLT, RBC, and Hb levels in comparison to the single medication group. CONCLUSION: The combination of motherwort and EE/CPA is clinically effective in the treatment of DUB.

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Bladder cancer is a urothelial malignancy. Bladder cancer starts in the urothelial cells lining the inside of the bladder. The 5-year recurrence rate for bladder cancer ranges from 31% to 78%, and the progression rate is approximately 45%. To treat bladder cancer, intravesical drug therapy is often used. Leonurus artemisia extract (LaE) was obtained from medicinal samples of Chinese motherwort Scientific Chinese Medicine; L. artemisia has various biological effects. This study investigated the impact of LaE on human bladder cancer cells (the BFTC-905 cell line) and the molecular mechanism underlying apoptosis resulting from the activation of cell signal transduction pathways in bladder cancer cells. A cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to determine the effect of LaE on cell growth. The effect of LaE on migration ability was observed using a wound healing assay. The effects of LaE on the cell cycle, reactive oxygen species production, and apoptosis were investigated. Western blot analysis detected apoptosis-related and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway-related protein concentrations. At non-toxic concentrations, LaE inhibited the proliferation of BFTC-905 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 24.08172 µg/µL. LaE impaired the migration ability of BFTC-905 cells. LaE arrested the cell cycle in the G1 and G0 phases, increased reactive oxygen species production, and induced apoptosis. LaE increased Bax and p-ERK concentrations and decreased Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3, and p-p38 concentrations. No differences in PARP, C-PARP, vimentin, e-cadherin, p-JNK, or TNF-alpha concentrations were observed. These results suggest that LaE inhibits the proliferation of human bladder cancer cells. Moreover, the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway is involved in the inhibition of the proliferation of BFTC-905 cells.

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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1140117.].

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Introduction: The quality of Chinese herbs is the basis for ensuring their safety and efficacy. However, the quality evaluation system is imperfect. In particular, there is a lack of quality evaluation methods for fresh Chinese herbs during growth. The biophoton is a common phenomenon and provides complete information about the interior of the living system, which is consistent with the holistic concept of traditional Chinese medicine. Therefore, we aim to correlate the biophoton characteristics with the quality states to find the biophoton parameters that can characterize the quality states of fresh Chinese herbs. Methods: The biophoton characteristics of motherwort and safflower were measured and characterized by the counts per second (CPS) in the steady state and the initial intensity (I0) and coherent time (T) of delayed luminescence. The active ingredient content was measured by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The pigment content of motherwort leaves was measured by UV spectrophotometry. The t-test and correlation analysis were performed on the experimental results. Results: The CPS and I0 of motherwort and I0 of safflower showed a significant downward trend during the growth process, and their active ingredient content showed a trend that increased and then decreased. The CPS, I0, and the content of active ingredients and pigments in a healthy state were significantly higher than those in a poor state, while T showed the opposite results. The CPS and I0 were all significantly and positively correlated with the content of active ingredients and pigments, while the T of motherwort showed the opposite results. Conclusion: It is feasible to identify the quality states of fresh Chinese herbs by using their biophoton characteristics. Both CPS and I0 have better correlations with the quality states and can be considered characteristic parameters of the quality of fresh Chinese herbs.

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The impacts of nZVI and iron oxides on growth, physiology and elicitation of bioactive antioxidant metabolites in medicinal aromatic plants must be critically assessed to ensure their safe utilization within the food chain and achieve nutritional gains. The present study investigated and compared the morpho-physiological and biochemical changes of Leonurus cardiaca L. plants as affected by various concentrations (0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg L-1) of nZVI and Fe3O4. The foliar uptake of nZVI was verified through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analytical spectra. Plants exposed to nZVI at low concentration showed comparatively monotonic deposition of NPs on the surface of leaves, however, the agglomerate size of nZVI was raised as their doses increased, leading to remarkable changes in anatomical and biochemical traits. 250 mg L-1 nZVI and 500 mg L-1 Fe3O4 significantly (P < 0.05) increased plant dry matter accumulation by 37.8 and 27% over the control, respectively. The treatments of nZVI and Fe3O4 at 250 mg L-1 significantly (P < 0.01) improved chlorophyll a content by 22.4% and 15.3% as compared to the control, and then a rapid decrease (by 14.8% and 4.1%) followed at 1000 mg L-1, respectively. Both nZVI and Fe3O4 at 250 mg L-1 had no significant impact on malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, however, at an exposure of 500-1000 mg L-1, the MDA levels and cellular electrolyte leakage were increased. Although nZVI particles could be utilized by plants and enhanced the synthesis of chlorophylls and secondary metabolites, they appeared to be more toxic than Fe3O4 at 1000 mg L-1. Exposure to nZVI levels showed positive, negative and or neutral impacts on leaf water content compared to control, while no significant difference was observed with Fe3O4 treatments. Soluble sugar, total phenolics and hyperoside content were significantly increased upon optimum concentrations of employed treatments-with 250 mg L-1 nZVI being most superior. Among the extracts, those obtained from plants treated with 250-500 mg L-1 nZVI revealed the strong antioxidant activity in terms of scavenging free radical (DPPH) and chelating ferrous ions. These results suggest that nZVI (at lower concentration) has alternative and additional benefits both as nano-fertilizer and nano-elicitor for biosynthesis of antioxidant metabolites in plants, but at high concentrations is more toxic than Fe3O4.

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Objective: Motherwort injection (MI) is a modern patented injection extracted from motherwort (Leonurus japonicus Hoult). Empirical studies and systematic reviews have shown the benefits of motherwort injection for preventing postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal delivery and cesarean section. This study was conducted to explore the efficacy and safety of motherwort injection for women with the prevention of post-abortion uterine hemorrhage. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify RCTs regarding the effect of the use of motherwort injection in women after abortion. Data from trials were pooled by meta-analysis and a random-effects model was used to calculate the summarized relative risks (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) methodology was used to access the quality of the evidence. Results: Nine trials with a total of 1,675 participants were identified. Overall, motherwort injection combined with oxytocin compared to oxytocin had a significantly lower blood loss within 2 hours (MD = -50.00, 95% CI -62.92 to -37.08, very low quality); lower blood loss within 24 h (MD = -50.00, 95% CI -62.92 to -37.08, very low quality); however, there was no significant difference between motherwort injection and oxytocin (24 h: MD: 0.72, 95% CI -7.76 to 9.20; 48 h: MD: -0.01, 95% CI -11.35 to 11.33; 72 h: MD: -1.12, 95% CI -14.39 to 12.15, very low quality). Compared with oxytocin or no intervention, both motherwort injection and motherwort injection combined with oxytocin had a significantly decreased duration of blood loss (MI vs. O: MD -2.59, 95% CI -4.59 to -0.60, very low quality; MI + O vs. O: MD -2.62, 95% CI -3.02 to -2.22, very low quality; MI + O vs. No intervention: MD: -1.80, 95% CI -2.28 to -1.33, low quality). Seven of nine included trials reported adverse event outcomes. Three cases were found in the motherwort injection group, and five induced abortion syndromes were found in the motherwort injection plus oxytocin group. 29 adverse events were reported in the oxytocin group instead. The recovery time of normal menstruation after abortion was significantly earlier in the group using motherwort injection compared with oxytocin (MDs -3.77, 95% CI -6.29 to -1.25, very low quality), and the endometrial thickness in the motherwort injection group was significantly different from that in the oxytocin group (MD: 2.24, 95% CI 1.58 to 2.90, very low quality). Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis indicate prophylactic use of motherwort injection may reduce the risk of uterine hemorrhage in women after abortion, and more high-quality research is needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of motherwort injection in preventing uterine hemorrhage after abortion. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=274153, identifier CRD42021274153.

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Background: Induced abortion is a universal phenomenon and about 25% of pregnancies in the world end in induced abortion. Induced abortion refers to the use of artificial or drug methods to terminate the pregnancy in the early stage of pregnancy, which is a remedy for failed contraception and accidental pregnancy. Induced abortion means surgical abortion. There are two commonly used methods: negative pressure suction abortion and forceps curettage for induced abortion. Abortion is invasive and it will cause great harm to women's reproductive function. Clinically, there are also cases of re-pregnancy within 3 months after abortion or even re-pregnancy without recovery of menstruation. To improve symptoms and reduce these complications, antibiotics, motherwort, and Yasmin[Ethinylestradiol-Drospirenone (0.03/3 mg)] are clinically used alone or in combination after induced abortion. Methods: Data were collected from six databases, including three English databases of Cochrane Library, PubMed and Embase, and three Chinese databases of CNKI, Wanfang, and Weipu. The original indicators of vaginal bleeding, menstrual recovery time, bleeding time, endometrial thickness 21 days after surgery and so on were included, and the incidence of postoperative bleeding less than menstrual volume, menstrual re-fluid time ≤ 37 days, bleeding time ≤ 7 days, re-pregnancy without menstruation, re-pregnancy within 3 months after the operation, the total incidence of postoperative complications were based on the ratio of the number of events in the group to the total number of people in the group reported in the literature. Review Manager 5.4 software was downloaded from the Cochrane website to evaluate the quality of the literature and analyze the results using random or fixed-effects models. The outcome of index data is divided into two types, one is dichotomy, and the other is measurement data. The binary data is expressed by odds ratio (OR), and the measurement data is expressed by mean difference (MD), and the confidence interval of both is 95%. Results: After completing this meta-analysis, the results will be available. Conclusion: The results will provide reliable data basis for the value of Yasmin combined with antibiotics and Motherwort in postoperative induced abortion. PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42021246764.

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Objectives: Subject to ethical constraints, real-world data are an important resource for evaluating treatment effects of medication use during pregnancy and the postpartum period. This study investigated whether motherwort injection, a traditional Chinese medicine preparation, was more effective than intramuscular (IM) oxytocin for preventing postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in a real-world setting when intravenous (IV) oxytocin is administered. Methods: We conducted an active-controlled, propensity-score matched cohort study using an established pregnancy registry database. Women who underwent cesarean section and received IV oxytocin at the third stage of labor were included. We used an active-comparator design to minimize indication bias, in which we compared IM motherwort injection in the uterus versus IM oxytocin, both on top of IV oxytocin use. We applied 1:1 propensity-score matching (PSM) to balance patient baseline characteristics and used a logistic regression model to estimate treatment effect (i.e., risk difference (RD) and odds ratio (OR)) by using the counterfactual framework. The outcomes of interest were blood loss over 500 ml within 2 h after delivery (PPH, primary) and blood loss over 1,000 ml (severe PPH, secondary). We conducted four sensitivity analyses to examine the robustness of the results. Results: A total of 22,519 pregnant women underwent cesarean sections, among which 4,081 (18.12%) PPH and 480 (2.13%) severe PPH occurred. Among included women, 586 (2.60%) were administrated with IM motherwort injection, and 21,933 (97.40%) used IM oxytocin. After PSM, patient baseline characteristics were well balanced. Compared with IM oxytocin, the use of IM motherwort injection was associated with significantly lower risk of PPH (RD -25.26%, 95% CI -30.04% to -20.47%, p < 0.001; OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.32, p < 0.001) and severe PPH (RD -3.58%, 95% CI -5.87% to -1.30%, p < 0.001; OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.71, p < 0.002). Sensitivity analyses showed that the results were similar. Conclusion: With the use of data from a real-world setting, the findings consistently showed that among women undergoing cesarean section who had received IV oxytocin, the additional use of IM motherwort injection could achieve a lower risk of PPH as compared to the additional use of IM oxytocin. Our study suggested a paradigm for investigating the treatment effect of Chinese herbal medicine in the real-world practice setting.

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Leonurus japonicus Houtt. (Motherwort) is the fresh or dried aerial part of Leonurus japonicus Houtt. (Labiaceae), which is widely used in clinical practice and daily life, used to treat gynecological diseases. However, the differences between different parts, single index component in Pharmacopoeias and the less stability of active ingredients affect its clinical efficacy. This study aimed to find the multi-active compounds between different parts of Motherwort to ensure its clinical efficacy, which related to stability and had pharmacokinetic behavior. Firstly, HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS was used to analyze the components in vitro and in vivo, as well as multivariate statistical analysis and network pharmacology analysis was conducted to find the significant different components related to activity. Secondly, the content determination methods were established to study the stability of effective components during storage in order to establish the content limit for quality control of Motherwort. Thirdly, UFLC-MS/MS was used to analyze the pharmacokinetic behavior of active components in Motherwort. The results showed that a total of 131 chemical constituents were identified in vitro and 21 prototype absorption compounds and 72 metabolites were found in vivo. Meantime, multivariate statistical analysis and network pharmacology analysis was combined to find that leonurine, stachydrine and trigonelline were activity-related substance, which could be used as active components related to pharmacodynamics in different parts. Then the stability variation trend and content limit of three alkaloids were found, which could be used for the quality control of Motherwort. Furthermore, the results showed that three alkaloids had pharmacokinetic behavior in vivo. 3 alkaloids were screened, which could be used as active components most closely related to pharmacodynamics among different parts. The stable stage, assay tolerance and pharmacokinetic characteristics were studied by the active substances, which could provide a basis for quality control and clinical medication of Motherwort.

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Objective To explore the mechanism of motherwort in the treatment of nerve injury. Methods The active components of motherwort were obtained by searching TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM databases. The action targets of candidate compounds were collected and predicted from TCMSP and SwissTargetPrediction (STP) databases. The target genes corresponding to the active components of motherwort were obtained by using the standardized database of disease targets (Uniprot). The potential targets of motherwort in the treatment of nerve injury were obtained by mapping the disease genes of nerve injury with the three databases of Genecards, DisGenet and OMIM. The network topology analysis software Cytoscape 3.6.0 was used to construct the action target network of motherwort active components. The protein interaction platform database (STRING) was used to construct the interaction relationship between action targets. The target protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by introducing Cytoscape 3.6.0 software. Through STRING database, GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were carried out to analyze the target points of motherwort in the treatment of nerve injury. Results 19 active components were screened from motherwort, involving 654 action targets, including 426 action targets related to nerve injury and 6 key targets. These target genes were mainly involved in biological regulation, oxidative stress response and cell communication and other biological processes. Molecular functions were mainly related to protein binding, ion binding and catalytic reduction. They were enriched outside the cell membrane. Its mechanism was related to signal pathways such as MAPK, Toll-like receptor, PI3K-Akt, TNF, IL-17, and apoptosis. Conclusion The active components of motherwort may play a protective role on nerve injury through anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis and promoting cell growth.

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of motherwort injection (MI, Yi mu cao) in preventing post-abortion hemorrhage and promoting uterine retraction after induced abortion surgery. METHODS: In this multi-center randomized controlled trial undertaken between September 2014 and August 2016, 408 child-bearing age women who underwent induced abortion surgery and randomly assigned to two groups: MI group who received intramuscular MI treatment (n = 207) and no-treatment group (n = 201). The volume of vaginal bleeding and its duration were used as primary end points; and uterine size and dimension were measured as secondary end points. Blood coagulation indices, routine blood and adverse events were recorded to evaluate the safety. RESULTS: The efficacy analysis was based on 366 patients. No significant difference were found in baseline characteristics between the two groups (P > 0.05). The amount of vaginal bleeding and duration of bleeding were significantly reduced in MI group compared with on-treatment group in Full Analysis Set (FAS) and Per Protocol Set (PPS) populations (P < 0.001). The volume and perimeter of the uterine dimensions in MI group were smaller than no-treatment group (P < 0.001). No significant abnormal vital signs were observed. Only 1 case of mild, transient erythema was found in MI group. CONCLUSIONS: MI could reduce post-abortion hemorrhage and improve uterine retraction in women undergoing surgical induced abortion, without serious adverse events. It was a safe and effective treatment in preventing post-abortion hemorrhage after induced abortion.

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Motherwort (YiMuCao), a traditional Chinese herb, has been shown beneficial effects for women's diseases. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of motherwort injection add-on therapy to carboprost tromethamine for prevention of post-partum blood loss. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang from their inception to December 2017. Randomized controlled trials that determined the add-on effects of motherwort injection to carboprost for prevention of post-partum blood loss were eligible. Pooled risk ratio (RR) and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to summarize the effect sizes. Eight trials including 1276 pregnant women fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Prophylactic use of motherwort injection add-on therapy significantly reduced the post-partum 2 h (MD -127.5 mL; 95% CI -149.13 to -105.88) and 24 h (MD -146.85 mL; 95% CI -179.77 to -113.94) blood loss and incidence of post-partum hemorrhage (RR 0.28; 95% CI 0.17-0.45) than carboprost. Moreover, adjunctive treatment with motherwort injection significantly decreased the length of the third stage of labor (MD -3.41 min; 95% CI -4.33 to -2.49) and duration of lochia (MD -7.13 days; 95% CI -8.49 to -5.76). There was no statistical significant difference in the incidence of adverse events (RR 0.76; 95% CI 0.50-1.16). Prophylactic use of motherwort injection add-on therapy to carboprost tromethamine could reduce post-partum blood loss. However, more well-designed trials are necessary to confirm the findings of this study due to the methodological flaws of the included trials.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of motherwort(herba leonuri)injection in the treatment of fetal membrane retention after vaginal delivery.METHODS: The prospective study was designed as a multicenter,open,randomized,controlled research from December 2017 to October 2018.A total of 244 women who achieved fullterm vaginal delivery were enrolled from 7 tertiary hospitals in China.Sixteen people were lost to follow-up(7 in the experimental group and 9 in the control group).All cases were randomly divided into group of motherwort(experimental group)and group of basic treatment(control group).Full Analysis Set(FAS)and Per ProtocolSet(PPS)were used for statistical analysis.The results of main validity indicators were the same.Therefore,only the results of PPS set analysis were reported in detail.PPS set included 109 cases in control group and 114 cases in experimental group.Control group were administered by oxytocin 20 U and cephalosporinⅡintravenous injection daily for3 days after birth;experimental group were administered by motherwort 20 mg intramuscular injection per 12 hours for 5 consecutive days on the basis of basic treatment.Both groups of patients were given oral herb medicine Chan-fu-kang or Chan-fu-an Granules after discharge for 7 consecutive days.The following clinical parameters were collected and analyzed for evaluation of the efficacy and safety of motherwort injection in the treatment of retained fetal membrane after vaginal delivery.The main effectiveness indicators were maternal lochia,uterine volume change,and discharge of retained fetal membrane;the secondary effectiveness indicators were the maternal infection-related factors and infections,the incidence of secondary postpartum hemorrhage,postpartum body temperature changes,and the use of other hemostatic drugs.Safety indicators were laboratory tests(blood routine,electrocardiogram),adverse reactions/events,which were used to evaluate the safety and efficacy of motherwort injection in the treatment of retained fetal membrane after vaginal delivery.RESULTS:(1)Lochia:the duration of bloody lochia was significantly shorter in the experiment group than in the control group([(5.12±1.83)d]vs.(6.27±2.07)d,P=0.000);rate of termination of bloody lochia within 5 days was significantly higher in the experiment group than in the control group(64.91% vs. 35.78%,P=0.000).(2)Comparison of uterine volume:the reduction of uterus volume in the experiment group was significantly greater than that in the control group(Z=-2.27,P8.0 mg/L or PCT>0.5 ng/L was defined as infection,the infection rate of the experiment group after 5 days of treatment was significantly lower than that of the control group(P0.05).No other hemostatic drugs were used in the two groups,and no secondary postpartum hemorrhage occurred.(6)There were no adverse reactions reported in both groups,and no abnormal blood routine indicators or electrocardiogram appeared.CONCLUSION: The application of motherwort injection combined with the basic treatment after the vaginal delivery can significantly shorten the duration of bloody lochia,promote uterine involution,increase the discharge rate of retained fetal membrane,and reduce the rate of uterine curettage.

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OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of motherwort injection in the treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding-ovulatory dysfunction(AUB-O),and provide data support for broadening the clinical application range of motherwort injection.METHODS: A multicenter,randomized,prospective study was used.The patients who were diagnosed with AUB-O in Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2018 were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group according to random numbers.There were 75 cases in the experimental group,7 cases were lost,and 68 cases were the final cases;another 75 cases were in the control group,4 cases were lost,and there were 71 cases in the end.In the control group,only the tranexamic acid was given.On the basis of this,the experimental group was given intramuscular injection of motherwort injection 2 mL/time,b.i.d.,for 3 consecutive days.The clinical TCM symptom scores,blood loss,blood routine,coagulation function,endometrial thickness and effective rate were compared between the two groups.All data were statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS 21.0.RESULTS: After treatment,the total effective rate of the experimental group was 97.06%,which was significantly better than that(84.51%)of the control group(P0.05),but on the 2nd day and the 3rd day after treatment,the difference was statistically different(P<0.05),and the cumulative amount of bleeding after 3 days of treatment was statistically different(P<0.05).The endometrial thickness of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Motherwort injection combined with basic therapy is effective in the treatment of AUB-O.

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OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of motherwort injection alone or combined with oxytocin for preventing postpartum hemorrhage in pregnant women with caesarean section. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials were performed. PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Chinese database Sino-Med, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), VIP Chinese Science and Technique Journals Database, WanFang, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared motherwort injection alone or motherwort injection combined with oxytocin in pregnant women receiving cesarean section were included. Paired reviewers independently screened abstracts and full texts for eligibility, assessed risk of bias, and extracted data. We performed random-effects meta-analyses of RCTs along with a limited number of prespecified subgroup hypotheses, and sensitivity analyses were carried out with other statistical approaches. RESULTS: Forty-six RCTs (n = 7359) proved eligible. Compared with oxytocin, both motherwort injection and motherwort injection combined with oxytocin had a significantly lower blood loss within 2 hours (MD = -21.81, 95% CI -37.05 to -6.58 and MD = -53.04, 95% CI -61.68 to -44.39); lower blood loss within 24 hours (MD = -25.44, 95% CI -39.38 to -11.51 and MD = -67.81, 95% CI -78.02 to -57.60); and lower the risk of adverse events (ORPeto 0.40, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.96 and ORPeto 0.50, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.71). Motherwort injection combined with oxytocin also decreased the risk of postpartum hemorrhage (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.35.) CONCLUSIONS: In pregnant women with cesarean section, motherwort injection suggests an obvious benefit and less adverse event.

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety profiles of Motherwort injection (MI). METHODS: A multi-center, prospective and drug- derived hospital intensive monitoring method was conducted to assess the safety of MI in real world applications. This study was based on a very large population after the injection was approved and marketed in China. All patients using the injection in participating hospitals were monitored to determine the incidence, pattern, severity and outcome of associated adverse events. RESULTS: The post-marketing surveillance was performed in 10 094 female patients from April to December, 2015. The incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) was 0.79¡ë(8/10 094). Among the 8 patients, the reported adverse events mainly included systemic abnormalities, such as fever, chills and eyelid edema; skin and appendages disorders, such as pruritus and rash; gastrointestinal disorders, such as nausea, abdominal distension and pain; heart rate and rhythm disorders, such as palpitation and increased heart rate. All of these ADRs were mild in severity. CONCLUSION: In this study the ADRs incidence rate of MI is very low, which supports that it is generally safe for use in obstetric and gynecological diseases. However, the total number of 8 ADRs recorded over a relatively short time span seems limited, and the low number of reports could not represent an absolute guarantee of safety.

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AIM: The research was to study the effect of Motherwort total alkaloids on the prostate hyperplasia mice model of pathological changes of related tissue morphology. RESULTS: Compared with the model group(MG), Motherwort total alkaloid high, medium dose group(HD, MD) could significantly reduced the pathological changes of the prostate (P < 0.01); Finasteride(FG) and Motherwort total alkaloid low dose group(LD) could significantly reduce the pathological changes of the prostate (P < 0.05); Longbishu capsules(LG), Finasteride, Motherwort total alkaloid medium dose group could significantly reduce the pathological changes of the kidney (P < 0.01); Motherwort total alkaloid low dose group could significantly reduce the pathological changes of the kidney (P < 0.05); Motherwort total alkaloids could improve the pathological changes of the thymus and spleen. CONCLUSION: Motherwort total alkaloid can improve the pathological changes of prostatic hyperplasia in mice.

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Combination of fish oil with herbal oil extract can extend functional properties of the products. A new functional food of salmon oil with oil extract of motherwort (8:2) was developed and studied. Qualitative profiling was evidenced about presence of flavonoids and iridoids. Quantification of vitamins A (210±3 IU/g), Е (2.8±0.1 mg/g), D3 (12.2±0.4 IU/g) and PUFA (43.3±0.4%, incl. 9.4±0.1% of omega-3 and 33.9±0.1% of omega-6) was done by modern methods. The developed product was found nontoxic (LD50>15 000 mg/kg b.w., intragastriсally, LD50>3000 mg/kg b.w., intraperitoneal). The 14 days intragastric administration of product to the rats (initial b.w. 200-250 g) at the doses of 2340 and 1170 mg/kg b.w. significantly increased the left ventricular pressure after ischemia comparing with control, and normalized the contraction and relaxation of the left ventricle. Biochemical data confirmed the decrease of aspartate amino transferase and creatine kinase activity in rats treated at all experimental doses. Application of fish oil combination with motherwort oil extract is promising for development of new functional foods with cardio protective properties.

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Objective To analysis the fresh motherwort capsule treatment of postpartum uterine hemorrhage clinical value.Methods100 cases of postpartum uterine hemorrhage patients of our hospital from January 2016 to December 2016 were selected as the research object, the control treatment, use contractions observed group of using fresh motherwort capsule combined contractions for treatment.Check after drug treatment in patients with uterine instauration and clinical curative effect.ResultsAfter five days, two groups of patients with postpartum uterine instauration is close, there was no statistically significant difference.After 14 days, observation group of patients with uterine instauration was significantly better than the control group, there was statistically significant difference (P< 0.05);Observation group of patients treatment of cure rate (76.0%), and total effective rate (96.0%) were significantly higher than control group (56.0%, 88.0%), statistically significant difference (P< 0.05).ConclusionFresh motherwort capsule in the treatment of postpartum uterine hemorrhage has significant clinical efficacy, can promote the patients with uterine instauration, has significant clinical value, worthy of popularization and application.