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El objetivo de esta investigación fue la determinación de la adherencia terapéutica en pacientes con enfermedades crónicasdel club de adultos mayores de un centro de atención primaria de Riobamba – Ecuador, para lo cual participaron 25 pacientes previo consentimiento informado. Se empleó método subjetivo indirecto, basado en cuestionario dirigido a determinar características sociodemográficas de los pacientes, grado de adherencia terapéutica a través del test de Morisky Green y posibles factores influyentes en la adherencia, consideraron las 4 principales dimensiones establecidas por la OMS. Para análisis de resultados se utilizó SPSS-PC 24.5 Windows y niveles de significancia de 0,05 %. Los resultados mostraron un predominio de género femenino (80 %), un promedio de edad de 70,2 años y un grado de instrucción primaria en un 60 % de los pacientes. Se identificó que un 56 % de los pacientes padecían al menos dos enfermedades crónicas, resultando la hipertensión arterial la más prevalente (84 %); y un 64 % de ellos se administraban 2 a 3 medicamentos diarios. Se determinó que el 64 % de los adultos mayores eran inadherentes con el esquema terapéutico prescrito, encontrando que los factores socioeconómicos incidieron de manera totalitaria sobre los pacientes en estudio. Los factores relacionados con el equipo de salud, la terapia y los inherentes al paciente, incidieron en la adherencia terapéutica en menor proporción. (AU)

The objective of this investigation was the determination of therapeutic adherence in patients with chronic diseases of theclub of older adults of a primary care center in Riobamba-Ecuador, for which 25 patients participated with prior informedconsent. An indirect subjective method was used, based on a questionnaire aimed at determining the sociodemographic characteristics of the patients, degree of therapeutic adherence through the Morisky Green test and possible influencingfactors on adherence, considered the 4 main dimensions established by the WHO.SPSS-PC 24.5 for Windows and significance levels of 0.05 % were used for results analysis. The results showed a predo-minance of female gender (80 %), an average age of 70.2 years and a degree of primary education in 60 % of thepatients. It was identified that 56 % of the patients suffered from at least two chronic diseases, with hypertension beingthe most prevalent (84 %); and 64 % of them administered 2 to 3 medications daily. It was determined that 64 % ofolder adults were inadherent with the prescribed therapeutic scheme, finding that socioeconomic factors had a total impacton the study patients. Factors related to the health team, therapy, and those inherent to the patient, influenced therapeuticadherence in a lesser proportion. The economic insufficiency to pay for the medications and the high-cost diets prescribed,turned out to be the variable with the greatest impact on therapeutic non-adherence, finding a direct relationship withthe degree of primary education that the study patients had mostly. In addition, all the variables reported in the study ascauses of non-adherence to treatment require directing actions aimed at strengthening a health system based on healthpromotion and prevention, in order to increase the quality of life of patients. (AU)

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Introducción: La adhesión al tratamiento preventivo oral (TPO) en la migraña se ve frecuentemente comprometida. El objetivo fue conocer el grado de adhesión al TPO en pacientes con migraña a los tres meses. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio multicéntrico observacional de pacientes diagnosticados de migraña episódica o crónica (criterios de la Clasificación Internacional de Cefaleas, tercera edición) en los que se iniciaba TPO. Se recogieron datos demográficos (edad, género, nivel estudios, estado civil) y de enfermedad (número de ataques, puntuación en las escalas Headache Impact Test-6 y Migraine Disability Assessment Scale). A los tres meses se pasó la escala de Morisky Green, que diferencia niveles de adhesión: excelente (0), moderada (1-2) y baja (3-4). Resultados: Participaron 100 pacientes, un 87% mujeres de 42 ± 13 años, el 14% con migraña crónica. El 53,2% comenzaba su primer TPO. Se iniciaron betabloqueantes en el 23,2%, antidepresivos tricíclicos en el 35,4%, flunaricina en el 21,2%, neuromoduladores en el 19,2% y antihipertensivos en el 1%. El 56% presentaba discapacidad grave y el 79,5%, impacto muy grave. La adhesión a los tres meses fue excelente en el 41,8%, moderada en el 28,6% y baja en el 29,6%. El motivo más frecuente de discontinuación fueron los efectos adversos (44%). Se encontró una relación significativa entre adhesión excelente y estado civil soltero (p = 0,046), y entre adhesión baja y efectos adversos (p = 0,009). No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los TPO empleados y el grado de adhesión ni con el resto de variables estudiadas. Conclusiones: Aunque nuestros resultados son mejores que los publicados en la bibliografía, consideramos que la adhesión terapéutica en nuestro medio es baja y es prioritario educar a nuestros pacientes en este sentido.(AU)

Introduction: Adherence to oral preventive treatment (OPT) in migraine is often compromised. The aim was to determine the degree of adherence to OPT in migraine patients at three months. Patients and methods: We conducted a multicentre observational study of patients diagnosed with episodic or chronic migraine (criteria of the International Headache Classification, third edition) in whom OPT was initiated. Demographic data (age, gender, educational level, marital status) and disease data (number of attacks, Headache Impact Test-6 and Migraine Disability Assessment Scale scores) were collected. At three months, the Morisky-Green scale was administered, which differentiates levels of adherence: excellent (0), moderate (1-2) and low (3-4). Results: Altogether 100 patients participated in the study: 87% women aged 42 ± 13 years, 14% with chronic migraine; 53.2% of them were beginning their first OPT. Beta-blockers were initiated in 23.2%, tricyclic antidepressants in 35.4%, flunarizine in 21.2%, neuromodulators in 19.2% and antihypertensives in 1%. Severe disability was observed in 56%, and the impact was very severe in 79.5%. Adhesion at three months was excellent in 41.8%, moderate in 28.6% and low in 29.6%. The most frequent reason for discontinuing was the occurrence of adverse effects (44%). A significant relationship was found between excellent adherence and being single (p = 0.046), and between low adherence and adverse effects (p = 0.009). No significant differences were found between the OPT used and the degree of adherence or the other variables studied. Conclusions: Although our results are better than those published in the literature, we consider that therapeutic adherence in our setting is low and educating our patients in this regard is a priority.(AU)

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Introducción: En países desarrollados, las tasas de adherencia a los tratamientos en enfermedades crónicas se sitúan alrededor de 50 %. Objetivo: Evaluar la adherencia terapéutica y los conocimientos sobre hipertensión arterial en pacientes adultos. Métodos: Se efectuó una investigación observacional y analítica de 54 pacientes adultos, de ambos sexos, quienes asistieron a la consulta externa del Hospital Docente Clinicoquirúrgico Joaquín Albarrán Domínguez de Ciudad de la Habana, durante el primer trimestre del 2018. Entre las variables analizadas figuraron: edad, sexo, tratamiento, grado de adherencia terapéutica y conocimientos. Resultados: Predominaron el sexo femenino (53,7 %), el grupo etario de 51-64 años (42,6 %) y el uso de fármacos antihipertensivos, tales como enalapril (50,0 %) y captopril (24,0 %); entre los diuréticos, la clortalidona (44,4 %) en tratamientos combinados (37,0 %). Las combinaciones más utilizadas fueron enalapril/clortalidona (16,7 %) y captopril/clortalidona (13,0 %). El conocimiento sobre su enfermedad fue insatisfactorio (51,9 %); la adherencia terapéutica se produjo en 48,0 % de los afectados, siendo los factores más frecuentes el descuido de la hora (50,0 %) y el olvido (42,9 %). Entre los factores relacionados con la no adherencia primó la polifarmacia (83,3 %) seguida de las dificultades en la obtención del medicamento (72,2 %). Conclusiones: La adherencia terapéutica en los pacientes con hipertensión arterial fue baja y no guardó relación estadística con el conocimiento sobre su enfermedad.

Introduction: In developed countries, the rates of adherence to treatments in chronic diseases are around 50 %. Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic adherence and the knowledge on hypertension in adult patients. Methods: An observational and analytic investigation of 54 adult patients of both sexes , who attended the out-patient service of Joaquín Albarrán Domínguez Teaching Clinical Surgical Hospital in Havana City was carried out during the first trimester of 2018. Among the analyzed variables there were: age, sex, treatment, degree of therapeutic adherence and knowledge. Results: The female sex (53.7 %), the age group 51-64 years (42.6 %) and the use of antihypertensive drugs, such as enalapril (50.0 %) and captopril (24.0 %); among the diuretics, the clortalidona (44.4 %) in treatments combined with 37.0 %, prevailed. The used combinations were enalapril/clortalidona (16.7 %) and captopril/clortalidona (13.0 %). The knowledge on their disease was not satisfactory (51.9 %); the therapeutic adherence took place in 48.0 % of those affected, being the most frequent factors the negligence on time (50.0 %) and forgetting (42.9 %). Among the factors related to the non adherence the polypharmacy prevailed (83.3 %) followed by the difficulties in obtaining of the medication (72.2 %). Conclusions: The therapeutic adherence in patients with hypertension was low and there was no statistical relation with the knowledge on their disease.

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To study clinical inertia in the management of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA) in non-insulin treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Spain. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Epidemiological, cross-sectional, retrospective (2 years), multicenter study. Clinical inertia was measured as the total number of patients without OHA treatment intensification divided by the total number of patients with inadequate HbA1c values (≥7%), multiplied by 100. Total clinical inertia (TCI) was the absence of OHA treatment intensification in all visits with a HbA1c≥7% values in the previous 2 years; partial clinical inertia (PCI) occurred when this absence only occurred in some of these visits. We assessed OHA treatment compliance with the Morisky-Green test. RESULTS: We included 2,971 patients, 1,416 adequately controlled (HbA1c<7%) and 1,555 inadequately controlled (HbA1c≥7%). PCI prevalence was 52.5%(95% confidence interval [95% CI] 52.4-52.6%) while TCI prevalence was 12.8% (95% CI 12.2-13.8%). PCI was lower in patients adequately controlled as compared with those inadequately controlled (31.4% vs. 71.8%; P<.001). PCI was associated with sedentary lifestyle, hypertension and higher prevalence of micro and macrovascular complications. Only 38.0% of patients were compliant with the OHA treatment, being this percentage even lower in subjects with ICP. Two variables were independently associated with ICP: female sex (odds ratio [OR] 1.43; 95% CI 1.09-1.86%) and a shorter duration of DM2 (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.95-0.99). CONCLUSIONS: One out of 2 patients with T2DM and treated with OHA without insulin suffer from PCI. Only 4 out of 10 patients are compliant with OHA treatment. Female sex and a shorter duration of T2DM are independently associated with PCI.

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