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O programa de extrações seriadas é uma alternativa para a má oclusão instalada muitas vezes na dentição mista que, quando realizadas na época ideal, podem atuar como um procedimento que atenua a gravidade da má oclusão. O tratamento consiste na remoção de dentes decíduos com a finalidade de transferir o déficit de espaços para a parte posterior do arco dentário e consequente redução de massa dentária com exodontia de primeiros pré-molares. O presente trabalho apresenta um caso clínico utilizando essa técnica até a fase final da dentição mista e posterior correção da permanente por meio de aparelho ortodôntico fixo, tendo como objetivo relatar as fases desse tipo de tratamento de maneira que facilite o planejamento de odontopediatras e ortodontistas tanto na odontologia pública quanto na iniciativa privada. O êxito do tratamento foi devido ao correto diagnóstico, planejamento e colaboração da paciente que, apesar de demandar maior duração e acompanhamento, trouxe resultados estéticos e funcionais significativos.(AU)

The serial extraction procedure is an alternative to treat malocclusion which often occurs during the mixed dentition period and, if performed at an ideal time, this procedure may reduce the scale of the condition. This treatment consists of the removal of deciduous teeth to transfer the lack of spaces to the back of the dental arch, and the extraction of the first premolars consequently decreases dental mass. In this study, we investigated a clinical case that employed this technique up until the final stage of the mixed dentition and subsequently made use of a fixed orthodontic appliance to repair the permanent teeth. We also intended to report the stages of this type of treatment to assist dentists and orthodontists from both public and private initiatives in planning such procedure. The success of the treatment was attributed to the correct diagnosis, planning, and cooperation of the patient. Although the treatment demanded a longer duration and follow-up, satisfactory esthetic and functional results were achieved. (AU)

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Uno de los principales problemas durante la dentición mixta es la determinación de la futura discrepancia entre tamaño dentario y el espacio disponible. Para predecir el ancho mesiodistal de los dientes permanentes no erupcionados se han introducido diferentes métodos de análisis. Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio fue comparar el método Tanaka-Johnston con una nueva ecuación de regresión para predecir el ancho mesiodistal de caninos y premolares permanentes no erupcionados en una población de la región de Valparaíso, Chile. Material y método: Este estudio fue realizado en la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Valparaíso, desde octubre de 2022 a junio de 2023 (8 meses), la muestra estuvo compuesta por 202 modelos de estudio del departamento de ortodoncia (91 hombres y 111 mujeres) en el rango de edad de 11 -20 años. Resultados: Se demostró que el método elaborado por Lara-Sandoval presenta mayor fiabilidad respecto a las medidas mesiodistales reales de los pacientes (ICC 0,773 para maxilar y 0,762 para mandíbula), en comparación con el método de Tanaka-Johnston (ICC 0,665 para maxilar y 0,623 para mandíbula). No existen diferencias significativas entre los valores reales y el método de Lara-Sandoval. Conclusión: El método de Lara-Sandoval es mejor que el propuesto por Tanaka-Johnston para determinar el ancho mesiodistal de caninos y premolares para esta muestra. Es necesario validar este método en otras regiones del país para ser utilizado con mayor seguridad que el ya existente como método estándar nacional.

One of the main orthodontic problems in mixed dentition is the determination of future tooth and size arch discrepancy. In order to predict the mesiodistal widths of unerupted permanent teeth different methods of analyses have been introduced. The aim of this study is to compare the Tanaka-Johnston analysis with a new regressive equation to predict the mesiodistal width of unerupted permanent canines and premolars in a Chilean population sample, from Valparaíso region. This study was conducted at the Universidad de Valparaíso Dental Faculty, from october 2022 to june 2023 (8 months), and the sample comprised historical dental casts from 202 patients (91 boys and 111 girls) in the age range of 11-20 from the orthodontics department. All the patients are from the Valparaíso region, Chile. The results show that the predictions of the new regressive equation method are closer to the actual mesiodistal measurements of the patients (ICC 0,773 for maxilla and 0,762 for mandible), compared to the Tanaka- Johnston method (ICC 0,665 for maxilla and 0,623 for mandible). There are no significant differences between the real values and the Lara-Sandoval method. Lara-Sandoval method is better than the one proposed by Tanaka-Johnston to determine the mesiodistal width of canines and premolars in this sample population. It is necessary to validate this method in other regions of the country to be used with greater security than the ones that already exists as a national standard method.

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INTRODUCTION: The management of eruption disturbances in orthodontics may be challenging and requires a careful diagnosis and treatment planning. This case report discusses the challenges of a two-phase orthodontic treatment of a patient presenting with a dental eruption pattern anomaly. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 10-year-old boy was presented with no complaints for a routine orthodontic evaluation during mixed dentition. PRIMARY DIAGNOSES: The patient was diagnosed with a skeletal Class I malocclusion with unilateral posterior crossbite, incomplete mandibular lateral incisor-canine transposition and a unilateral maxillary ectopic canine. INTERVENTIONS: Phase 1 started with rapid maxillary expansion to correct maxillary constriction and the ectopic eruption of the right maxillary canine. In the mandibular arch, phase 1 included the extraction of the left primary lateral incisor and canine, alignment of the left permanent lateral incisor and orthodontic traction of the left permanent canine. The duration of phase 1 was 14 months. Phase 2 involved a comprehensive course of orthodontic treatment and started when the patient was aged 13 years. This phase lasted 18 months. RESULTS: An adequate dental occlusion was obtained, and the treatment results were stable after an 18-month follow-up. CONCLUSION: In this case, the early diagnosis of the dental anomalies was valuable as it allowed an early intervention to be undertaken, which resulted in overall treatment simplification and potentially minimised the adverse effects. This case report reinforces the importance of a careful follow-up during mixed dentition.

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INTRODUCTION: Dental crowding is the most prevalent malocclusion in the mixed and permanent detitions and can have a major impact on dentofacial esthetics. However, adjustments to the development and growth of the dentition can potentiate self-correction of dental crowding during childhood. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the physiological behavior of mandibular incisor crowding in the transition from mixed to permanent dentition. METHODOLOGY: Five electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS and LIVIVO) and part of the gray literature (Proquest and Google Scholar) were investigated, based on the eligibility criteria associated with the acronym PECO, until June 2022. The risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-E tool and the certainty of evidence, the GRADE tool. RESULTS: Among the 2.663 studies identified, five were selected for qualitative analysis, of which one have a low risk of bias, and four, a moderate risk. A total of 243 patients were evaluated. Evidence with a high level of certainty was generated indicating a tendency for improvement in mandibular incisor crowding from mixed to permanent dentition, with mandibular incisor crowding decreasing from 0.17 to 4.62 mm on average. The mandibular incisor crowding reduction seems to be associated with the amount of initial crowding and spontaneous dental arch dimensional changes that occur in the mixed dentition and culminate in the increase in arch perimeter, leeway space, incisor protrusion and transverse growth of the maxillary and mandibular arch. CONCLUSION: Based on moderate scientific evidence, spontaneous longitudinal changes in dental arch in the transition from the mixed to the permanent dentition demonstrate a spontaneous improvement in mandibular incisor crowding by up to 4.62 mm. These evidence provide a scientific basis for planning only longitudinal follow-up in patients with mild to borderline moderate mandibular incisor crowding in the mixed dentition avoiding overtreatment.

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Introducción: El análisis más utilizado por los ortodoncistas para predecir el espacio ideal del canino y premolares es el Gold Standard de Tanaka-Johnston. Sin embargo, la utilización de este análisis en otros grupos poblacionales a nivel mundial puede ser cuestionable. Objetivo: Predecir el espacio ideal para la erupción del canino y premolares utilizando el análisis de Tanaka y Johnston y el de Ramos, et al. Material y métodos: Fue un estudio descriptivo. Se utilizaron 110 pares de modelos de estudio con dentición permanente, recolectados durante 2018 y 2019. Los anchos mesiodistales fueron medidos con un vernier digital marca UBERMANN® con una precisión de ± 0,01 mm. A los datos obtenidos se les realizó estadística no paramétrica mediante la prueba de comparación de Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: El análisis de Tanaka-Johnston mostró una diferencia entre los valores predictivos y reales de -0,50 mm (±1,68) con una diferencia estadística de p=0,0001 y el análisis de Ramos, et al., fue de -0,35 mm (±1,70) con una diferencia estadística de p=0,0001. Conclusiones: Se subestimó el espació ideal para la erupción del canino y premolares con el análisis de Tanaka-Johnston y el análisis validado por Ramos, et al. Sin embargo, el análisis de Ramos, et al., se acercó más a los diámetros mesiodistales reales del canino y premolares.

Introduction: The analysis most commonly used by orthodontists to predict the ideal space of the canine and premolars is the Tanaka-Johnston Gold Standard. However, the use of this analysis in other population groups worldwide may be questionable. Objective: To predict the ideal space for the eruption of the canine and premolars using the Tanaka-Johnston analysis and that of Ramos, et al. Material and Methods: A descriptive study was carried out using 110 pairs of study models with permanent dentition, collected during the period from 2018 to 2019. The mesiodistal widths were measured with a UBERMANN® digital vernier with an accuracy of ± 0.01 mm. Non-parametric statistics were performed on the data obtained using the Kruskal-Wallis comparison test. Results: The Tanaka-Johnston analysis showed a difference between the predictive and real values ​​of -0.50 mm (±1.68) with a statistical difference of p=0.0001, and the Ramos et al. analysis was of -0.35 mm (±1.70) with a statistical difference of p=0.0001. Conclusions: The ideal space for the eruption of the canine and premolars was underestimated with the Tanaka-Johnston analysis and the analysis validated by Ramos, et al. However, the Ramos, et al. analysis was closer to the actual mesiodistal diameters of the canine and premolars.

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Objetivo: estudiar y comparar la inclinación de la cabeza entre niños con dentición primaria completa y dentición mixta primera fase. Materiales y métodos: el estudio incluyó a 80 voluntarios entre 4 y 9 años, a quienes se les tomó una fotografía facial de perfil derecho estandarizada, en Posición Natural de Cabeza. Éstas fueron analizadas mediante software de edición de imágenes para determinar la inclinación de la cabeza de cada voluntario. Para ello, se definió un plano (plano t-ex) formado por el punto Intertrágico (t) y Exocanto (ex) y se comparó respecto a la horizontal verdadera. Los datos obtenidos fueron tabulados, clasificados en dos grupos según el tipo de dentición y analizados estadísticamente. Resultados: el promedio de inclinación del plano t-ex fue de 22,7º en el grupo de niños con dentición primaria completa y de 25,8º en el grupo de niños con dentición mixta primera fase. La diferencia entre ambos grupos fue de 3,1º, con significancia estadística (p = 0,006). Conclusión: la inclinación de la cabeza de los niños con dentición mixta primera fase es mayor en sentido antihorario, respecto a la de los niños con dentición primaria completa.

Objective: to study and compare head tilt among children with complete primary dentition and first transitional period of the mixed dentition stage. Materials and methods: the study included 80 volunteers between 4 and 9 years of age, who were taken a standardized right profile facial photograph in a Natural Head Position. These photographs were analyzed using image editing software to determine the head tilt of each volunteer. For this, a plane (plane t-ex) formed by the Intertragic point (t) and Exocanth (ex) was defined and compared with respect to the true horizontal. The data obtained were tabulated, classified into two groups according to the type of dentition and statistically analyzed. Results: the average t-ex plane inclination was 22.7º in the group of children with complete primary dentition and 25.8º in the group of children with first transitional period of the mixed dentition stage. The difference between both groups was 3.1º, with statistical significance (p = 0.006). Conclusion: the head tilt of children with first transitional period of the mixed dentition stage is greater in an anti-clockwise direction, compared to that of children with complete primary dentition.

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Introducción: las interferencias oclusales no controladas precozmente pueden producir desviación de la mandíbula en sentido anteroposterior o transversal. El manejo de las mordidas cruzadas se debe iniciar en el momento del diagnóstico, preferiblemente en edades tempranas, con el fin de tratarlas en el nivel primario de prevención. Objetivo: determinar el comportamiento de la maloclusión funcional causada por interferencias oclusales en niños con dentición mixta de la Escuela Primaria Mártires del Corynthia, entre octubre de 2019 y junio de 2021. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal en la Escuela Primaria Mártires del Corynthia, del Área de Salud José Jacinto Milanés, del municipio de Matanzas, entre octubre de 2019 y junio de 2021. El universo estuvo conformado por 66 niños. Se utilizó una planilla de recolección de datos y se solicitó el consentimiento informado a los tutores de los niños. Resultados: las edades donde los niños presentaron mayor afectación fueron de 6 a 7 años y de 8 a 9 años, ambos rangos con un 10,6 %. El 27,3 % presentó interferencias oclusales y mordida cruzada posterior unilateral. El 48,5 % fue del sexo femenino y el 30,3 % tenían edades de 6 a 7 años. El 71,2 % eran simétricos y presentaron mordida cruzada posterior unilateral. Los simétricos y con línea media coincidente representaron un 36,4 %. Conclusiones: la maloclusión funcional más frecuente en niños con dentición mixta fue la mordida cruzada posterior unilateral, que se relacionó de manera directa con las interferencias oclusales. Las asimetrías faciales y la línea media desviada estuvieron asociadas a dicha maloclusión.

Introduction: early uncontrolled occlusal interferences can produce anterior-posterior jaw deflection. Management of cross-bites should be initiated at the time of diagnosis, preferably at early ages, in order to treat them at the primary level of prevention. Objective: to determine the behavior of functional malocclusion caused by occlusal interferences in children with mixed dentition from the Martires del Corynthia primary school between October 2019 and June 2021. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study was carried out at the Martires del Corynthia Primary School, of the Jose Jacinto Milanes Health Area, Matanzas municipality, between October 2019 and June 2021. The universe consisted of 66 children. A data collection form was used and informed consent was requested from the children's guardians. Results: the ages where the children presented more affectation were from 6 to 7 years and from 8 to 9 years, both ranges with 10.6%. 27.3% presented occlusal interferences and posterior unilateral cross-bite. 48.5% were female and 30.3% were 6 to 7 years old. 71.2% were symmetrical and presented unilateral posterior cross-bite. Symmetric patients and with a coincident midline represented 36.4%. Conclusions: the most frequent functional malocclusion in children with mixed dentition was the unilateral posterior cross-bite, which was related to occlusal interferences in a direct way. Facial asymmetries and a deviated midline were associated with the before mentioned malocclusion.

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OBJECTIVE: Investigate the association between sleep disorders and probable sleep bruxism (SB) in children eight to ten years of age. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 739 schoolchildren in Brazil. Parents/guardians answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the sleep disturbance scale for children, and the Circadian Energy Scale. Parafunctional habits were evaluated using the Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening. Multivariate logistic regression was performed (α = 5%), and a directed acyclic graph was used in the statistical model. RESULTS: The prevalence of probable SB was 9.1% and 58.6% of the children had sleep disorders. In the final model, having unmarried parents/guardians (OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.07-3.65), exhibiting parafunctional habits (OR = 2.02; CI: 1.01-4.06), not practicing sports (OR = 1.92; CI: 1.04-3.54), sleep-wake transition disorders (SWTD) (OR = 2.01; 95%CI: 1.12-3.62), and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) (OR = 2.17; 95%CI: 1.11-4.29) were significant associated with probable SB. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of probable sleep bruxism was influenced by the marital status of the parents/guardians, parafunctional habits, the non-practice of sports, and sleep disturbance (SWTD and EDS). This research contributes to the planning of public policies that include educational regimens at school to prevent sleep disorders and favor the reduction in sleep bruxism prevalence.

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BACKGROUND: Mixed dentition determines an important period of occlusion development in childhood. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the aesthetic impact of the midline diastema cut-off point in mixed dentition. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was performed with 257 children aged 8-10 years in late mixed dentition, with midline diastema of 1-5 mm and normal maxillary overjet. Orthodontic Aesthetic Subjective Impact Score determined the aesthetic impact of the midline diastema. Four quartiles of diastema measurements and impact scores were considered as cut-off points. Receiver Operating Characteristic curves were constructed, and the distances representing the distances to the ideal point were calculated. The Yuden index determined the efficiency of measuring the diastema to assess the aesthetic impact. The Kruskal-Wallis test compared the groups of participants classified according to the diastema cut-off by the sample quartile regarding the impact score. The analyses were performed with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the four groups of measurement quartiles of the diastema regarding the aesthetic impact (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: The perception of dental aesthetics in mixed dentition children was not affected by the midline diastema, regardless of the cut-off point.

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Resumo Durante a dentadura mista pode-se observar uma série de distúrbios do desenvolvimento que devem ser tratados a fim de devolver ao paciente uma oclusão normal ou minimizar o tratamento corretivo futuro. A perda precoce de dentes decíduos pode ocasionar alterações significativas na oclusão como a perda de perímetro do arco, o que prejudica a irrupção fisiológica dos dentes permanentes. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o manejo de espaços durante a dentadura mista por meio de alinhadores ortodônticos, no qual foi diagnosticada a perda prematura de um dente decíduo no período intertransitório da dentadura mista. O tratamento, realizado com alinhadores ortodônticos, foi planejado para: verticalização do primeiro molar permanente, recuperação do espaço reduzido devido à perda do segundo molar decíduo, expansão sequencial dos arcos superior e inferior, correção da mordida profunda e alinhamento e nivelamento dos incisivos superiores e inferiores. Para obtenção dos resultados propostos, foram utilizadas 3 sequências de alinhadores. Os resultados demonstram que os alinhadores ortodônticos representam uma alternativa viável para a intervenção oportuna em pacientes com perda prematura de dentes decíduos e redução de espaço para dentes permanentes. Ainda, permitem a correção simultânea de outras alterações oclusais, o que confere eficiência ao tratamento interceptor (AU)

Abstract During the mixed dentition, a series of developmental disorders can be observed that must be treated to return the patient to a normal occlusion or to minimize future comprehensive treatment. Early loss of deciduous teeth can cause significant changes in occlusion, such as loss of arch perimeter, which impairs the physiological eruption of permanent teeth. This clinical report aims at presenting the management of spaces during the mixed dentition by means of orthodontic aligners, in which the premature loss of a deciduous tooth was diagnosed in the inter-transitional phase of the mixed dentition. The treatment, carried out with orthodontic aligners, was planned for: verticalization of the first permanent molar, recovery of the reduced space due to the loss of the second deciduous molar, sequential expansion of the upper and lower arches, correction of the deep bite and alignment and leveling of the upper and lower incisors. To obtain the proposed results, 3 sequences of aligners were used. The results demonstrated that orthodontic aligners represent an alternative for early intervention in patients with premature loss of deciduous teeth and reduced space for permanent teeth. Furthermore, they allow the simultaneous correction of other occlusal alterations, which makes the early treatment efficient. (AU)

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Background: Removing plaque with toothbrush and toothpaste from proximal cavities in primary molars without restoring them follows sound cariological principles. But does this treatment affect space for and alignment of their permanent successors negatively? Hypothesis: There is no difference in impaction and displacement of the premolars, as well as in the D+E space in quadrants with three different statuses of the proximal surface of primary molars over a 4-year period. Methods: A total of 936 quadrants (466 maxillary and 470 mandibular quadrants) in 233 children were assessed. Treatment of cavities in the proximal surfaces of the primary molars consisted of amalgam and ART restorations using high-viscosity glass-ionomer cement, and cleaning of open large- and medium-sized cavities with toothbrush and toothpaste (UCT) under supervision for 220 days per year over 3 years. Dental casts were made at baseline, and after two, three, and 4 years. The D+E spaces were measured digitally. Status of the proximal surface of the primary molars was assessed by two calibrated examiners, and quadrants were grouped into normal anatomy, defective restoration, and proximal cavity. ANCOVA, ANOVA and LSD tests were applied. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between groups (p <= 0.001) and between evaluation times (p < 0.001), for the D+E space in both the maxilla and mandible. A sex difference related to the D+E space in the maxilla was found (p = 0.007). For boys, quadrants in the maxilla of the group 'proximal cavity' showed a significant shorter D+E space when compared to quadrants of the group 'normal anatomy' at the 3- and 4-year evaluation time. For girls the difference between the two groups was only present at the 3-year evaluation time. There was no significant difference between the D+E space in quadrants with defective restorations and those with normal anatomy in the mandible and in the maxilla. Displacement and impaction of the premolars showed no significant difference between groups. Conclusion: Primary molars with open proximal cavities that are cleaned with toothbrush and toothpaste do not result in displacement and impaction of the successor teeth, neither do primary molars with defective restorations in proximal tooth surfaces.

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Introducción: La maloclusión es un problema que afecta el desarrollo de la dentición y, en la mayoría de los casos, tiene un determinante medioambiental. Objetivo: Determinar los factores medioambientales asociados a tipos de maloclusión en escolares con dentición mixta temprana. Métodos: La muestra estuvo conformada por 275 escolares que cumplieron con los criterios de selección, con una edad media de 8,95 años, 151 niños y 124 niñas. La evaluación clínica estuvo a cargo de un especialista calibrado, el registro de los factores medioambientales se realizó mediante una entrevista estructurada, índice de masa corporal y un cuestionario validado para el nivel socioeconómico. El análisis de datos empleó el software SPSS versión 25. Se utilizó análisis de regresión logística para evaluar la asociación de los factores ambientales con cada tipo de maloclusión, estableciendo OR con intervalos de confianza al 95 por ciento y un nivel de significancia del 5 por ciento. Resultados: El hábito de respiración bucal demostró que es un factor asociado al apiñamiento dentario (p = 0,049 < 0,05; OR = 1,723). El sobrepeso protege frente a la alteración de la erupción (p = 0,039 < 0,05; OR = 0,459), en comparación con los escolares con estado nutricional normal o desnutrición. Conclusiones: Se concluye que existe una asociación entre apiñamiento dentario y el hábito de respiración bucal, entre estado nutricional y la alteración de la erupción, siendo el sobrepeso un factor de protección. En las demás interacciones evaluadas no se encontró asociación de otro tipo de maloclusión con algún factor medioambiental(AU)

Introduction: Malocclusion is a problem that affects the development of the dentition and, in most cases, has an environmental determinant. Objective: Determine the environmental factors associated with types of malocclusion in schoolchildren with early mixed dentition. Methods: The sample consisted of 275 schoolchildren who met the selection criteria, with an average age of 8.95 years, 151 boys and 124 girls. The clinical evaluation was carried out by a experienced specialist, the registration of environmental factors was carried out through a structured interview, body mass index and a questionnaire validated for socioeconomic status. For data analysis, SPSS version 25 software was used. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of environmental factors with each type of malocclusion, establishing OR with 95 percent confidence intervals and a significance level of 5 percent. Results: The habit of mouth breathing showed that it is a factor associated with dental crowding (p = 0.049 < 0.05; OR = 1.723). Overweight protects against alteration of the tooth eruption (p = 0.039 < 0.05; OR = 0.459), compared to schoolchildren with normal nutritional status or malnutrition. Conclusions: It is concluded that there is an association between dental crowding and the habit of mouth breathing, between nutritional status and the alteration of the tooth eruption, being overweight a protective factor. In the other interactions evaluated, no association of another type of malocclusion with any environmental factor was found(AU)

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Problemas de espacio de crecimiento transversal en ambos maxilares pueden ser predichos al conocerse la distancia del ancho intercanino e intermolar. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar valores de medidas transversales de arcadas en pacientes con dentición mixta y dentición permanente del posgrado de Ortodoncia del Instituto Latinoamericano de Estudios Superiores. Estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, se tomaron las distancias lineales horizontales intercaninas temporarios y permanentes, y la distancia intermolar en primeros molares permanentes en modelos de estudio de pacientes entre el 2014 y el 2019. Participaron 144 pacientes de 8 a 32 años, 41,67% tenía más de 15 años, 65,28% eran mujeres y el 52,78% tenía dentición permanente. Los promedios de distancia intercanina maxilar fueron 33,22 ± 3,95 mm en hombres y 33,34 ± 3,90 mm en mujeres, la mandibular 27,30 ± 2,81 y 27,40 ± 2,92 mm respectivamente. La distancia intermolar maxilar en hombres fue de 34,16 ± 3,27 y 34,15 ± 3,26 mm en mujeres; la mandibular fue de 33,97 ± 3,27 y 33,94 ± 3,27 mm respectivamente. Los promedios de la distancia intercanina son similares por edad y sexo, mientras que los promedios de la arcada inferior son menores a los de la arcada superior en ambos sexos. Los promedios para la distancia intermolar son similares por edad, sexo y arcada.

Transverse growth space problems in both maxillaries can be predicted by knowing the intercanine and intermolar width distance. The objective of the study was to determine values of transverse measures of arcades in patients with mixed dentition and permanent dentition of the postgraduate degree in Orthodontics of the Latin American Institute of Higher Studies. Descriptive observational cross-sectional study, the temporary and permanent intercanine horizontal linear distances were taken as well as the intermolar distance in permanent first molars in patient study models between 2014 and 2019. One hundred and forty-four patients aged from 8 to 32 years old participated, 41.67% were over 15 years old, 65.28% were women and 52.78% had permanent dentition. The mean maxillary intercanine distance was 33.22 ± 3.95 mm in men and 33.34 ± 3.90 mm in women, the mandibular 27.30 ± 2.81 and 27.40 ± 2.92 mm respectively. The maxillary intermolar distance was 34.16 ± 3.27 mm in men and 34.15 ± 3.26 mm in women, the mandibular 33.97 ± 3.27 and 33.94 ± 3.27 mm respectively. The averages of the intercanine distance were similar by age and sex, while the means of the lower arcades were lower than those of the upper arcade in both sexes. Means of the intermolar distance was similar by age, sex, and arcade.

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Objetivo: Presentar una serie de casos clínicos de me- siodens en niños con dentición temporal y mixta, su trata- miento y seguimiento. Casos clínicos: Se muestra el manejo clínico de tres casos de mesiodens en dentición temporal y un caso en den- tición mixta, los cuales fueron diagnosticados en un examen radiográfico de rutina (AU)

Aim: To present a series of clinical cases of mesiodens in children with primary and mixed dentition, their treatment and follow-up. Clinical cases: This paper describes the clinical man- agement of three cases of mesiodens in primary dentition and one case in mixed dentition which were diagnosed in routine radiographic examinations (AU)

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BACKGROUND: Bruxism is a repetitive activity of the masticatory muscles that has been associated with orofacial disorders and psychosocial factors AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate associations between possible awake bruxism (PAB) and family functioning, bullying, and dental caries in children 8-10 years of age. DESIGN: A school-based study was conducted with 739 pairs of parents/guardians and children. The parents/guardians answered the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales for the establishment of family functioning. Information on bullying due to dental conditions was collected from the children. Dental caries in the children was evaluated using International Caries Detection and Assessment System criteria. A directed acyclic graph was used to define the theoretical model and select control factors. Descriptive analysis was performed, followed by multivariate logistic regression for complex samples. RESULTS: Considering the parental reports, fewer years of mother's schooling, a low family income, very flexible family adaptability, and cavitated dental caries were associated with PAB. The female sex, bullying, and orofacial dysfunction were associated with self-reported PAB. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, the factors associated with PAB differ according to the reports of parents/guardians or self-reports of children. Healthcare providers should consider both reports for a more effective intervention addressing PAB.

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Abstract Summary: The Mixed Dentition Protocol (PDM) derived from the self-ligating technique in fixed Orthodontics, breaking a 120-years paradigm, in which sticking brackets on deciduous teeth was not a practice. Before the PDM Philosophy there has already been bracket collages in deciduous teeth used simply as an extra anchorage without the intention of moving them. However, the new findings on stem cells present in the internal and external structure of deciduous teeth made possible the development of our Philosophy, in addition to the evidence of several pertinent aspects such as teeth with incomplete rhizogenesis movement and direct synergistic desocclusive clues to the two-dimensional system. Finally, today we can perform Interceptive Orthodontics with controlled movements using fixed devices, and without the need for circuit breakers or other removable devices that require patient collaboration, minimizing the need for orthognathic surgeries. (AU)

Resumo: O Protocolo em Dentição Mista (PDM) derivou da técnica autoligada em Ortodontia fixa, quebrando um paradigma de 120 anos, em que colar bráquetes em dentes decíduos não era prática. Antes da Filosofia PDM já havia colagens de bráquetes em decíduos, porém sem a intenção de os movimentar, eram usados simplesmente como ancoragem extra. Mas as recém-descobertas sobre as células tronco presentes na estrutura interna e externa dos decíduos tornou possível o desenvolvimento da Filosofia, além das comprovações de vários aspectos pertinentes como a movimentação de dentes com rizogênese incompleta e pistas diretas desoclusoras sinérgicas ao sistema bidimensional. Enfim, hoje, pode-se fazer Ortodontia Interceptativa com movimentos controlados utilizando aparelhos fixos e sem a necessidade de disjuntores ou outros aparelhos removíveis que necessitem colaboração do paciente, minimizando a necessidade de cirurgias ortognáticas. (AU)

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Resumo Objetivo: Esse estudo teve como objetivo comparar a acurácia de mensurações lineares realizadas, de acordo com o método de Moyers, em modelos de gesso pelo método manual com paquímetro em modelos digitais 3D digitalizados por scanner de mesa e em modelos digitais 3D obtidos por Tomografia Computadorizada Multislice com protocolo CTdBem. Método: Um único operador selecionou 90 modelos de gesso da arcada inferior para análise de dentição mista. Os métodos testados e o método manual foram comparados usando o teste-t pareado. Para avaliar o acordo entre os métodos, a correlação de Pearson foi utilizada. O gráfico de Bland-Altman foi construído para avaliar a diferença entre as medidas de cada amostra. Resultados: Não houve diferenças significativas entre as medidas do scanner e da Tomografia Computadorizada Multislice, quando comparadas com as medidas do método manual (p>0.05). Ambos os métodos digitais apresentaram correlação alta e significativa com o método manual com coeficientes de 0,98 e 0,97 para o scanner e a Tomografia Computadorizada Multislice, respectivamente (p<0.01). Conclusão: Os modelos digitais obtidos por scanner de mesa e por Tomografia Computadorizada Multislice com protocolo CTdBem produziram medidas lineares e com boa acurácia, compatíveis com as medidas manuais realizadas em modelo de gesso. (AU)

Abstract Aim: This study has aimed to compare the accuracy of linear measurements made, according to the Moyers method, on plaster casts by the manual method using a pachymeter in digital 3D models digitalized by a desktop scanner and in 3D digital models scanned by Multislice Computed Tomography using the CTdBem protocol. Method: A single operator has selected 90 plaster casts of the mandibular arch for analysis of mixed dentition. The methods tested and manual method were compared by using the paired t-test. To assess the agreement between the methods, Pearson's correlation was performed. The Bland-Altman plot was built to evaluate the difference among the measurements for each sample. Results: There were no significant differences between scanner and Multislice CT measurements when compared to the manual method measurements (p> 0.05). Both digital methods have had a high and significant correlation with the manual method with coefficients of 0.98 and 0.97 for the scanner and Multislice CT method, respectively (p<0.01). Conclusions: The digital models obtained by means of the desktop scanner and Multislice Computed Tomography by means of CTdBem protocol produced linear measurement and with good accuracy, compatible with the manual measurements made on plaster casts (AU)

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Resumo O Protocolo em Dentição Mista (PDM) foi derivado da técnica autoligada em Ortodontia fixa, quebrou um paradigma de 120 anos, em que colar bráquetes em dentes decíduos com o objetivo de os movimentar não era prática. Antes da Filosofia PDM, já havia colagens de bráquetes em decíduos, porém sem a intenção de os movimentar, eram usados simplesmente como ancoragem extra. Mas as recém-descobertas sobre as células tronco presentes na estrutura interna e externa dos decíduos tornou possível o desenvolvimento da Filosofia, além das comprovações de vários aspectos pertinentes como a movimentação de dentes com rizogênese incompleta e pistas diretas desoclusoras sinérgicas ao sistema bidimensional. Enfim, hoje pode se fazer Ortodontia interceptativa com movimentos controlados se utilizando aparelhos fixos e sem a necessidade de disjuntores ou outros aparelhos removíveis que necessitem a colaboração do paciente, minimizando a necessidade de cirurgias ortognáticas.(AU)

Abstract The Mixed Dentition Protocol (PDM) derived from the self-ligating technique in fixed Orthodontics, has broken a 120-years-old paradigm in which bonding brackets in deciduous teeth to move them was not a practice. Before the PDM philosophy, brackets have already been bonded in deciduous teeth, however without the intention of moving them, they were simply used as an extra anchorage. However, the recent findings about stem cells present in the internal and external structure of the deciduous teeth made the development of the Philosophy possible, in addition to the evidence of several relevant aspects such as the movement of teeth with incomplete rhizogenesis and direct desocclusive tracks synergistic to the two-dimensional system. So today we can perform interceptive Orthodontics with controlled movements using fixed appliances, and without the need of dysjunctors or other removable appliances that require patient collaboration, minimizing the need for orthognathic surgeries.(AU)

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ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence of malocclusion and its association with the early loss of deciduous teeth and other factors in children in the mixed dentition phase, aged six to eight years, enrolled in public schools in southern Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 528 children from municipal public schools in 2009. Data collection involved a clinical examination for the determination of early tooth loss, dental caries, tongue pressure and malocclusion (outcome), as well as the administration of a questionnaire. Poisson regression analysis with robust variance was used to model the association between malocclusion and the independent variables. Results: The prevalence of malocclusion and early tooth loss was 69.1% and 21.8%, respectively. In the raw data analysis, malocclusion was associated with age, early tooth loss, dental caries and tongue pressure. After the adjustment, the likelihood of malocclusion was greater among children older than eight years, those who exerted tongue pressure on the teeth and those with early tooth loss. The likelihood of malocclusion was 24% greater among children with early tooth loss, compared to those without tooth loss. Conclusion: The early loss of deciduous teeth was associated with the occurrence of malocclusion in the children studied.

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de má oclusão em crianças de seis a oito anos de idade no município de Florianópolis (Santa Catarina, Brasil), e a sua associação com a perda precoce de dentes decíduos. Métodos: Esse estudo transversal avaliou uma amostra representativa de 528 crianças de escolas públicas municipais de Florianópolis, no ano de 2009. Os dados foram coletados por meio de exame clínico (perda dentária precoce, cárie dentária, interposição lingual e má oclusão - que foi o desfecho do estudo) e de um questionário. A regressão de Poisson com variância robusta foi utilizada para modelar a associação entre má oclusão e as variáveis independentes. Resultados: A prevalência de má oclusão e de perda dentária precoce foi, respectivamente, de 66,7% e 21,8%. Na análise dos dados brutos, a má oclusão foi associada com a idade, perda dentária precoce e cárie dentária. Após ser feito o ajuste, crianças com mais de 7 anos, com interposição lingual e perda dentária precoce apresentaram maior probabilidade de ter má oclusão. Crianças com perda dentária precoce apresentaram probabilidade 24% maior de ter má oclusão do que aquelas sem perda dentária. Conclusões: A perda precoce de dentes decíduos foi associada à ocorrência de má oclusão nas crianças estudadas.

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Abstract Objective: To associate the OHRQoL and HRQoL in mixed dentition children with the influence on age range, socioeconomic and clinical variables. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 1,240 children between 6 and 12 years of age. HRQoL was assessed by the Quality of Life Assessment Scale, considered an outcome variable. OHRQoL was determined using specific questionnaires related to the age group: Oral Health Impact Scale in Early Childhood, Child Perceptions Questionnaire for 8 to 10 years, and 11 to 12 years. Dental caries and malocclusion were diagnosed. The socioeconomic class was evaluated. A multiple negative binomial regression analysis was used to test the relationship between HRQoL, OHRQoL scores and socioeconomic and clinical variables. Correlation analyses were performed between the total HRQoL and OHRQoL, with a significance level of 5%. Results: The HRQoL is inversely related to the impact of OHRQoL (p<0.05), modulated by the age group. There was a significant weak negative correlation between the HRQoL scores and the impact of OHRQoL (p<0.05). Conclusion: The OHRQoL impacts the HRQoL, modulated by the age group and with minor influence from socioeconomic and clinical variables (AU).

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