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Basal cell adenocarcinoma (BCAd) is an extremely rare primary biphasic carcinoma of the salivary glands with few well-documented cases reported in the literature. Herein, we report a rare case of a 44-year-old male patient who presented an oral medicine service with an erythematous nodular lesion on the soft palate, measuring 1.5 cm in its largest diameter, with a 5-year duration. The clinical diagnosis was pleomorphic adenoma, and an excisional biopsy was performed. Histopathological analysis revealed a biphasic infiltrative tumor composed of a mixture of central ductal cells and abluminal basal cells with slight atypia arranged in solid, trabecular, tubular and cribriform growth patterns in a loose stroma. The peripheral cells show a palisading arrangement with round hyperchromatic nuclei and scanty cytoplasm. Occasional mitotic figures were seen. Few spindle-shaped cells suggestive of myoepithelial cells were present in the stroma surrounding the basaloid tumor nests. The diagnosis was BCAd. The patient was referred to a head and neck service and has been followed up for 8 months with no signs of recurrence. In conclusion, although the diagnosis of BCAd can be challenging due to its rarity and morphological overlap with other salivary gland lesions, a meticulous morphological assessment is key for accurate diagnosis, especially in cases originating from minor salivary glands. Surgical excision with a wide safety margin is the treatment of choice and long-term follow-up is recommended to monitor possible recurrences.

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RESUMEN: La hiperplasia adenomatoide (HA) se considera una patología no neoplásica de etiología desconocida asociada principalmente a trauma como principal factor causal, con localización frecuente en paladar duro y blando. El presente caso muestra el primer caso de HA en reborde alveolar asociado a prótesis removible mal adaptada. Hombre de 81 años con diabetes mellitus y HTA controlada presentaba un aumento de volumen nodular en reborde alveolar maxilar del color de la mucosa, de consistencia firme y márgenes definidos que medía 1,5 x 0,7 cm de diámetro, asintomático y asociada a falta de diente 1.3 protésico reportando 6 años de evolución. Se realizó biopsia excisional y estudio histopatológic o con hiperplasia de acinos glandulares. El 80 % de los casos se observa en paladar seguida de la mucosa oral, lengua y zona retromolar, pero sin reportes en encía o reborde alveolar. El factor causal mayormente asociado es el trauma crónico principalmente asociado a prótesis mal adaptadas, aunque existen estudios de un cromosoma aberrante con un rol desconocido tanto en su patogénesis como en su posible potencial maligno. En el caso actual, la lesión se asocia fuertemente a prótesis removible mal adaptada sugiriendo una lesión de aspecto reactivo. Por lo tanto, la HA se debe incluir como diagnóstico diferencial tanto a nivel palatino como en otras localizaciones incluyendo reborde alveolar. Además, se debe considerar cuando existe un factor etiológico traumático como prótesis removibles mal adaptadas, siendo necesario su confirmación mediante estudio histopatológico especialmente por su similitud con otras patologías.

ABSTRACT: Adenomatoid hyperplasia (AH) is considered a non-neoplastic pathology of unknown etiology but mainly associated with trauma as the main causal factor, with frequent localization on hard and soft palate. The present case shows the first case of AH on the alveolar ridge associated with a poorly adapted removable prosthesis. An 81-year-old man with diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension controlled presents a nodular tumor in the maxillary alveolar ridge of the color of the mucosa, with a firm consistency and defined edges measuring 1.5 x 0.7 cm in diameter, asymptomatic and associated with a lack of a 1.3 prosthetic tooth reporting 6 years of evolution. Excisional biopsy and histopathological study were performed with glandular acini hyperplasia. The AH is observed in 80 % of cases on the palate followed by the oral mucosa, tongue and retromolar area, but without reports on the gingiva or alveolar ridge. The most associated causal factor is chronic trauma, mainly associated with poorly adapted prostheses, although there are studies of an aberrant chromosome with an unknown role both in his pathogenesis and possible malignant potential. In the current case, the lesion is strongly associated with a poorly adapted removable prosthesis, suggesting a lesion with a reactive appearance. Therefore, AH should be included as a differential diagnosis both at the palatal level and in other locations including the alveolar ridge. In addition, it should be considered when there is a traumatic etiological factor such as poorly adapted removable prostheses, It's confirmation by histopathological study being necessary, especially due to its similarity with other pathologies.

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Resumen Las neoplasias en glándulas salivales son infrecuentes, representando menos del 3% de los tumores de cabeza y cuello. El carcinoma mucoepidermoide es el tumor maligno más común en glándulas salivales, siendo su principal ubicación la parótida. Clínicamente se asemeja a otras lesiones de mucosa oral, por lo cual, es importante realizar un correcto diagnóstico diferencial. Su comportamiento biológico se relaciona con el grado histológico tumoral, factor relevante en el pronóstico y tratamiento de esta neoplasia. Presentamos el caso de un paciente hombre de 75 años afectado con un tumor en paladar con diagnóstico de carcinoma mucoepidermoide de bajo grado. Como tratamiento se realizó una maxilectomía parcial y una placa obturadora en base a una prótesis removible y posterior reconstrucción con un colgajo libre microvascularizado. Actualmente el paciente se encuentra en controles periódicos, libre de enfermedad. Los tumores de glándulas salivales son un desafío diagnóstico, requieren de exámenes imagenológicos y del estudio histopatológico. Cuando existen dudas en el diagnóstico, se debe considerar repetir la toma de la muestra o la obtención de biopsias de más de una zona representativa que permita el diagnóstico de la lesión.

Abstract Salivary gland neoplasms are infrequent lesions representing less than 3% of head and neck tumors. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor in salivary glands, being the parotid the most usual location. Clinically, it resembles other oral mucosa lesions, therefore, it is important to make a correct differential diagnosis. Its biological behavior is related to the tumor histological grade, a relevant factor in the prognosis and treatment of this neoplasm. We reported a case of a 75-year-old-man, with a tumor in the palate, diagnosed as low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. A partial maxillectomy and an obturator plate were performed based on a removable prosthesis and subsequent reconstruction with a microvascularized free flap. The patient is currently undergoing regular checkups, maintaining disease free. Salivary gland tumors are a diagnostic challenge, requiring imaging tests and histopathological study. In case of doubts with the diagnosis, it should be considered to biopsy more than area or to repeat the biopsy in order to obtain a representative sample that allows the diagnosis of the lesion.

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Introdução: O adenoma pleomorfo é a neoplasia benigna de glândula salivar mais comum, podendo acometer glândulas salivares maiores e menores. Essa neoplasia ocorre em uma ampla faixa etária, e se caracteriza por uma ampla variabilidade clinico-patológica e por altas taxas de recorrência. Objetivo: Relatar um caso de um adenoma pleomorfo, com enfoque nos aspectos clinico-patológicos, diagnóstico diferencial e manejo clínico. Relato de caso: Paciente do sexo masculino, 72 anos, exibiu lesão nodular, bem delimitada, localizada em fundo de sulco maxilar esquerdo, com tempo de evolução de quatro anos. A biópsia excisional foi realizada, e as hipóteses diagnósticas de hiperplasia linfoide, adenoma pleomorfo e lipoma foram consideradas, sendo esta última reforçada pelo fato de ter flutuado em formol. Sob análise microscópica, observou-se uma proliferação de células epiteliais e mioepiteliais em meio a um estroma variável. Com isso, o diagnóstico histopatológico de adenoma pleomorfo foi emitido. Conclusão: O presente estudo enaltece a importância da realização de análise histopatológica criteriosa para exclusão de outras hipóteses diagnósticas e neoplasias malignas. Dessa forma, a partir da associação dos achados clínicos e microscópicos, é possível obter um diagnóstico correto, guiando, consequentemente, na adoção de uma conduta terapêutica adequada(AU)

Introducción: El adenoma pleomórfico es la neoplasia benigna de glándulas salivales más común, que puede afectar a las glándulas salivales mayores y menores. Esta neoplasia se presenta en un amplio grupo de edad y se caracteriza por una amplia variabilidad clínica y patológica y altas tasas de recurrencia. Objetivo: Describir un caso de adenoma pleomórfico, con énfasis en aspectos clínicos y patológicos, diagnóstico diferencial y manejo clínico. Caso clínico: Paciente masculino, de 72 años, que presentó una lesión nodular bien definida ubicada en la parte inferior del surco maxilar izquierdo, con un tiempo de evolución de cuatro años. Se realizó una biopsia escisional. Se consideraron las hipótesis diagnósticas de hiperplasia linfoide, adenoma pleomórfico y lipoma, con mayor atención este último por el hecho de que flotaba en formaldehído. Bajo análisis microscópico, se observó una proliferación de células epiteliales y mioepiteliales en medio de un estroma variable. Por lo tanto, se emitió el diagnóstico histopatológico de adenoma pleomorfo. Conclusión: El presente estudio destaca la importancia de llevar a cabo un cuidadoso análisis histopatológico para excluir otras hipótesis diagnósticas y neoplasias malignas. Luego, con base en la asociación de hallazgos clínicos y microscópicos, es posible obtener un diagnóstico correcto, imprescindible en la adopción de un enfoque terapéutico apropiado(AU)

Introduction: Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign salivary gland neoplasm. It may affect major and minor salivary glands. It presents at a broad age range and is characterized by great clinical and pathological variability and high recurrence rates. Objective: Describe a case of pleomorphic adenoma, with emphasis on clinical and pathological aspects, differential diagnosis and clinical management. Case report: A male 72-year-old patient presents with a well-defined nodular lesion in the lower section of the left maxillary groove with a time of evolution of four years. Excisional biopsy was performed. The diagnostic hypotheses considered were lymphoid hyperplasia, pleomorphic adenoma and lipoma, with greater attention to the latter, due to the fact that it floated in formaldehyde. Microscopic examination revealed proliferation of epithelial and myoepithelial cells amidst a variable stroma. Thus, a histopathological diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma was issued. Conclusion: The present study highlights the importance of careful histopathological examination to rule out other diagnostic hypotheses and malignant neoplasms. Next, clinical and microscopic findings will lead to an accurate diagnosis indispensable to adopt an appropriate therapeutic approach(AU)

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B cell-activating factor (BAFF) is an essential cytokine in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) physiopathology. It has been reported that pSS patients develop germinal center-like (GC-like) structures in their minor salivary glands (MSGs). BAFF, BAFF-R, TACI, and BCMA expression was analyzed in MSGs from 29 subjects (nonspecific chronic sialadenitis and focal lymphocytic sialadenitis with the presence [pSS-GC(+)] or absence [pSS-GC(-)] of GC-like structures). Twenty-four percent of patients showed ectopic GC-like structures and a high focus score [p < 0.001 vs pSS-GC(-)]. BAFF serum levels (sBAFF) were high in pSS patients (p = 0.025 vs healthy subjects). However, the pSS-GC(-) group showed higher sBAFF levels than pSS-GC(+) patients. BAFF and BAFF-R glandular expression levels were higher in pSS-GC(+) patients, without significant differences compared to pSS-GC(-) patients. Soluble levels of BAFF correlated with anti-La/SSB antibodies and disease duration. Our results showed that BAFF could contribute to focal lymphocytic infiltration. The role of BAFF-binding receptors in MSGs is proposed as a mechanism for the possible establishment of ectopic GC-like structures and disease progression in some patients. In conclusion, this study supports previous evidence that considers the active BAFF system role in the pathogenesis of pSS and the need for strong biomarkers in this disease.

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Introduction: sialolithiasis is the most common form of obstructive sialadenitis caused by a mixture of different calcium phosphates and an organic matrix. It is one of the most common salivary gland diseases, often attributed to the submandibular gland, with no relation to age or gender. However, it is rarely reported in the minor salivary glands. Objective: the present study aims to report auncommon clinical finding case of a sialolithiasisof minor salivary gland in labial mucosa. Case report: a 43-year-old female patient presented with a single, yellow and asymptomatic nodule in the labial mucosa at clinical examination. The clinical hypotheses were lipoma and fibrous hyperplasia. The lesion was biopsied, and the histopathological analysis showed a mineralized tissue. The final diagnosis was sialolithiasis and the patient remained under follow-up (8 months) without relapse. Conclusion: this case shows that sialolithiasis should be included in the diagnostic hypotheses when occur in a minor salivary glands area and emphasizes the importance of a complete clinical examination since it was not complaint of the patient.(AU)

Introdução: a sialolitíase é a forma mais comum de sialadenite obstrutiva causada por um composto de diferentes produtos, como fosfato de cálcio e matriz orgânica. É uma das doenças mais comuns das glândulas salivares, geralmente atribuídas à glândula submandibular, sem relação com idade ou sexo. No entanto, raramente é relatada nas glândulas salivares menores. Objetivo: reportar um achado clínico incomum de sialolitíase em glândula oral menor na mucosa labial. Relato de caso: uma paciente do sexo feminino, de 43 anos, apresentou nódulo único, amarelo e assintomático na mucosa labial durante o exame clínico. As hipóteses clínicas foram lipoma e hiperplasia fibrosa. A lesão foi encaminhada para biópsia e a análise histopatológica mostrou um tecido mineralizado. O diagnóstico final foi de sialolitíase e o paciente permaneceu em acompanhamento por 8 meses sem recidiva. Conclusão: este caso mostra que a sialolitíase deve ser incluída nas hipóteses diagnósticas de lesões em áreas de glândulas salivares menores e enfatiza a importância de um exame clínico completo, pois não se tratava da queixa principal da paciente.(AU)

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ABSTRACT The present study aimed to report a case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), focusing on its clinical-pathological characteristics. At intraoral clinical examination, a nodular lesion was observed in the right pterygomandibular raphe region, with three years of evolution. An incisional biopsy was performed, and the diagnostic hypotheses of salivary gland injury and sialadenitis were considered. Histopathologically, a malignant neoplastic process characterized by the proliferation of epidermoid, intermediate and mucosal cells was observed. The histopathological diagnosis of MEC was emitted. The present case praises the importance of early diagnosis and correct management of this disease, providing a better prognosis for these patients.

RESUMEN Reportamos un caso de carcinoma mucoepidermoide (CME) con enfoque en sus rasgos clinicopatológicos. En la exploración clínica intraoral, se observó una lesión de aspecto nodular en región del rafe pterigomandibular derecho, con tiempo de evolución de tres años. Se realizó una biopsia por incisión, considerándose las hipótesis diagnósticas de lesión de glándula salival y sialadenitis. Histopatológicamente, se observó un proceso neoplásico maligno caracterizado por la proliferación de células epidermoides, intermedias y mucosas. El diagnóstico histopatológico fue de CME. El presente caso destaca la importancia del diagnóstico temprano y del manejo correcto de esa enfermedad, ofreciendo un mejor pronóstico para los pacientes portadores de CME.

RESUMO Relatamos um caso de carcinoma mucoepidermoide (CME) com enfoque em suas características clinicopatológicas. No exame clínico intraoral, observou-se lesão de aspecto nodular em região de rafe pterigomandibular direita, com tempo de evolução de três anos. Biópsia incisional foi realizada, e as hipóteses diagnósticas de lesão de glândula salivar e sialadenite foram consideradas. Histopatologicamente, observou-se um processo neoplásico maligno caracterizado pela proliferação de células epidermoides, intermediárias e mucosas. O diagnóstico histopatológico de CME foi emitido. O presente caso enaltece a importância do diagnóstico precoce e do correto manejo dessa patologia, proporcionado um melhor prognóstico para os pacientes portadores de CME.

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OBJECTIVES: To establish a predictive clinical index of malignancy risk in palatal salivary gland tumors (PSGT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred cases of PSGT were evaluated. Clinical data were retrieved from the patient's files. Representative clinical photographs of each tumor were evaluated to identify clinical features suggestive of a malignant tumor. Features significantly associated with malignancy were included in a binary logistic regression model. RESULTS: Malignant tumors were more common in the hard palate, in women and in older patients. Features associated with a malignant diagnosis included pain (p = .017), irregular surface (p = .004), bluish/purple coloration (p < .001), ulceration (p = .005), and telangiectasia (p = .015). After multivariate logistic regression, pain (OR: 4.017; 95% CI: 1.198-13.471; p = .024) and color alteration (OR: 7.243; 95% CI: 2.068-25.363; p = .002) were independently associated with malignancy. Including these factors in a predictive index, the proportion of malignant tumors in patients presenting none, one and two factors were 25% (95% CI: 0.13-0.40), 67% (95% CI: 0.48-0.83), and 85% (95% CI: 0.42-0.99), respectively. CONCLUSION: Pain and color alteration might be independent predictors of malignancy in PSGT, which could support the decision to perform an incisional or excisional biopsy.

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The aim of this study was to describe the clinicopathological features of 21 cases of intraoral pleomorphic adenoma (PA), with emphasis on histopathological findings. Between 2000 and 2016, all patients diagnosed as intraoral PA were retrieved and histopathological slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin reviewed to confirm the diagnosis. All tumors were classified histologically according to Seifert et al (1980). The clinical and histopathological variables were analyzed using the Fisher's exact test, considering a significance level of 5% (P < .05). Plasmacytoid (85.7%), spindle (38.1%), and epithelioid (9.5%) myoepithelial cells were observed. Oncocytic (47.6%) and mucous (19%) cells were also found. The stroma was predominantly fibrous (95.2%), followed by myxoid (66.7%), hyaline (61.9%), and chondromyxoid (33.3%). Squamous (57.1%), adipose (47.6%), sebaceous (14.3%), and bone (14.3%) differentiations were found. Additionally, a group of tumors presented pleomorphism (23.8%), mitoses (14.3%), capsule infiltration (9.5%), and necrosis. The presence of cystic structures occurred significantly in patients older than 30 years (P = .04) and mitoses were more observed in PA from buccal mucosa (P = .026). All cases that presented plasmacytoid cells were smaller than 1.5 cm (P = .015). All tumors with up to 50% stroma area presented with size smaller than 2.0 cm (P = .013). Intraoral PA presents a large morphological spectrum and several microscopic features are associated with clinical findings.

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Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterised by the clinical presence of sicca syndrome. SS compromises the dysfunction of exocrine glands due to the presence of focal, mononuclear cell infiltrates that surround the ducts and replace the secretory units. Abnormal expression of different cytokines and chemokines such as B-cell activating factor, CXC Motif Chemokine Ligand 13, interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-22, and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand as well as that of their corresponding receptors has been implicated in the inflammatory process. The severity of glandular infiltration has been suggested to be associated with the presence of extra-glandular systemic manifestations, contributing to a clinical spectrum of the most severe disease. This review describes several cytokines and chemokines associated with B lymphocytes expressed in the minor salivary gland, their chemical structures, and their roles in SS as possible early predictors of lymphoma development and disease progression.

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Multiple salivary gland tumors (MSGTs) are most common in the major than minor salivary glands. The most MSGTs are synchronous, either benign or malignant. A 61-year-old woman was referred presenting nine submucosal nodules, firm to fluctuant, being five nodules on the right side and four nodules on the left side of the upper lip. An incisional biopsy was performed. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed in 5-µm sections for histopathologic analysis. Immunohistochemical reactions were carried out in 3-µm sections in accordance with manufacturer's instructions. The histopathological analysis showed focal area containing low-grade polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC) and multiple canalicular adenomas (CAs). Immunohistochemical analysis for each lesion was carefully investigated. Here, we present an unusual case of synchronous PAC and multiple CAs of the minor salivary glands, affecting the upper lip, which appears to be the first case showing PAC and CA.

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Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign neoplasm of salivary glands. Their common location is in parotid gland, however, a lower percentage of these tumors might occur in minor glands. The epidemiology of this tumor shows that adults are the most affected, with rare occurrence in children or adolescents. We present the case report of pleomorphic adenoma located on the palate of a 10 year old. Excisional biopsy of the lesion followed by histopathologic examination of the biopsy specimen revealed ductal structures surrounded by plasmacytoid mioepithelial cells within a myxoid stroma, the final diagnosis corresponded to Pleomorphic Adenoma. Early detection and excision of this lesion in children are important to minimize potential recurrences or malignant transformation.

El adenoma pleomorfo es la neoplasia benigna más común de las glándulas salivales. Su localización común está en glándula parótida, sin embargo, un bajo porcentaje de estos tumores puede ocurrir en glándulas menores. La epidemiología de este tumor muestra que los adultos son los más afectados, con rara ocurrencia en niños o adolescentes. Presentamos el caso de un adenoma pleomorfo localizado en el paladar de un niño de 10 años. La biopsia excisional de la lesión seguida de examen histopatológico de la muestra de biopsia reveló estructuras ductales rodeadas por células mioepiteliales plasmocitóides dentro de un estroma mixoide, siendo el diagnóstico final adenoma pleomorfo. La detección temprana y la excisión de esta lesión en los niños es importante para minimizar las recidivas potenciales o la transformación maligna.

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The knowledge regarding labial salivary glands is becoming progressively more important, as their application in autologous transplantion, to promote ocular surface lubrication, are an ever-increasing procedure in veterinary medicine. In this study the labial salivary gland was collected, as a single piece, along with the oral mucosa from 10 adult dog cadavers. The sample was removed from the left lower lip marked by the second premolar tooth and extended until the distal edge of the second molar. Morphological, morphometric and histochemical evalutations were performed in the rostral, medial and caudal regions of the sample. The study revealed exocrine, compound, tubuloacinar, mixed and predominantly mucous glands with the presence of serous demilunes associated with a few mucous secreting units, and a duct system formed by intralobular intercalated and striated ducts, interlobular ducts, and a main excretory duct. In the rostral region, there was a lower amount of parenchyma compared to other areas, and the diameter of the acini unvaried in all regions. All three regions of the sample were PAS and Alcian blue positive, demonstrating the presence of neutral, carboxylated, and sulphated mucins. Serous demilunes reacted positively to Xylidine Ponceau staining indicating the presence of proteins.

O conhecimento das características das glândulas salivares labiais vem se tornando importante à medida que aquelas vêm sendo empregadas, na medicina veterinária, como transplante autógeno para promover lubrificação da superfície ocular. As glândulas salivares labiais, juntamente com a mucosa oral, foram removidas de 10 cadáveres de cães adultos, como peça única, no lábio inferior esquerdo, da região anatômica do segundo dente pré-molar até a borda distal do segundo molar e amostras das regiões rostral, média e caudal da peça foram processadas para avaliações morfológicas, morfométricas e histoquímicas. O estudo revelou glândulas exócrinas, compostas, túbuloacinosas, mistas, predominantemente mucosas, com presença de semiluas serosas associadas a algumas unidades secretoras mucosas, sendo seu sistema de ductos formado por ductos intralobulares intercalares, ductos intralobulares estriados, ductos interlobulares e ducto excretor principal. Na região rostral havia menor quantidade de parênquima em relação às demais regiões, e o diâmetro dos ácinos se manteve equivalente nas três regiões. Houve reação positiva ao PAS e ao Alcian blue nas três regiões, demonstrando presença de mucinas neutras, ácidas carboxiladas e ácidas sulfatadas. As semiluas serosas apresentaram reação positiva ao Xylidine Ponceau, indicando presença de proteínas.

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The knowledge regarding labial salivary glands is becoming progressively more important, as their application in autologous transplantion, to promote ocular surface lubrication, are an ever-increasing procedure in veterinary medicine. In this study the labial salivary gland was collected, as a single piece, along with the oral mucosa from 10 adult dog cadavers. The sample was removed from the left lower lip marked by the second premolar tooth and extended until the distal edge of the second molar. Morphological, morphometric and histochemical evalutations were performed in the rostral, medial and caudal regions of the sample. The study revealed exocrine, compound, tubuloacinar, mixed and predominantly mucous glands with the presence of serous demilunes associated with a few mucous secreting units, and a duct system formed by intralobular intercalated and striated ducts, interlobular ducts, and a main excretory duct. In the rostral region, there was a lower amount of parenchyma compared to other areas, and the diameter of the acini unvaried in all regions. All three regions of the sample were PAS and Alcian blue positive, demonstrating the presence of neutral, carboxylated, and sulphated mucins. Serous demilunes reacted positively to Xylidine Ponceau staining indicating the presence of proteins.(AU)

O conhecimento das características das glândulas salivares labiais vem se tornando importante à medida que aquelas vêm sendo empregadas, na medicina veterinária, como transplante autógeno para promover lubrificação da superfície ocular. As glândulas salivares labiais, juntamente com a mucosa oral, foram removidas de 10 cadáveres de cães adultos, como peça única, no lábio inferior esquerdo, da região anatômica do segundo dente pré-molar até a borda distal do segundo molar e amostras das regiões rostral, média e caudal da peça foram processadas para avaliações morfológicas, morfométricas e histoquímicas. O estudo revelou glândulas exócrinas, compostas, túbuloacinosas, mistas, predominantemente mucosas, com presença de semiluas serosas associadas a algumas unidades secretoras mucosas, sendo seu sistema de ductos formado por ductos intralobulares intercalares, ductos intralobulares estriados, ductos interlobulares e ducto excretor principal. Na região rostral havia menor quantidade de parênquima em relação às demais regiões, e o diâmetro dos ácinos se manteve equivalente nas três regiões. Houve reação positiva ao PAS e ao Alcian blue nas três regiões, demonstrando presença de mucinas neutras, ácidas carboxiladas e ácidas sulfatadas. As semiluas serosas apresentaram reação positiva ao Xylidine Ponceau, indicando presença de proteínas.(AU)

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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Mucoceles are common benign pseudocystic lesions of the oral cavity; their main etiological factors are trauma and ductal obstruction. Two histological patterns are found: mucus retention phenomenon (MRP) and mucus extravasation phenomenon (MEP). Mucus extravasation phenomenon is the more common histological subtype and it mainly affects the lower lip. The knowledge of its main clinical features and management is important to assist health professionals in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the relative frequency and distribution of oral mucoceles in an oral pathology reference center. METHODS: Cross-sectional historical study that analyzed all cases pathologically diagnosed as mucus extravasation phenomenon by the department of anatomic pathology of an oral pathology referral center from June of 1970 to May of 2014, considering the clinical characteristics of the lesion and those relating to the patient. SPSS v. 20.0 software for Windows was used for descriptive analysis. RESULTS: During 43 years, 719 cases of mucus extravasation phenomenon (54.7% men and 45.3% women) were registered, with the lower lip as the most commonly affected site (n = 484; 67.3%). The average age of patients was 20.8 years (SD ± 14.4) with a peak occurrence in the second decade of life. Most professionals had oral mucocele/ranula (n = 606; 84.3%) as the initial clinical impression. CONCLUSION: Mucus extravasation phenomenon is a lesion that primarily affects young patients, affecting mainly the lower lip, and is commonly found in oral diagnostic services.

Resumo Introdução: Mucoceles são lesões pseudocísticas benignas comuns da cavidade oral, que possuem como principais fatores etiológicos trauma ou obstrução ductal. Dois padrões histopatológicos são encontrados: fenômeno de retenção de muco (FRM) e fenômeno de extravasamento de muco (FEM). O FEM é o subtipo histológico mais comum e tem como principal local de acometimento o lábio inferior. O conhecimento acerca de suas principais características clínicas e formas de tratamento se faz importante para auxiliar profissionais da saúde na prática clínica. Objetivo: Este trabalho objetivou determinar a frequência relativa e a distribuição das mucoceles orais em um centro de referência em patologia oral. Método: Estudo transversal de caráter histórico, no qual foram analisados os casos diagnosticados histopatologicamente como FEM pelo serviço de anatomia patológica de um centro de referência em patologia oral no período de junho de 1970 a maio de 2014, considerando-se variáveis clínicas da lesão e relativas ao paciente. O programa estatístico SPSS 20.0 for Windows foi utilizado para a análise descritiva dos dados. Resultados: Durante 43 anos foram observados 719 casos de FEM (54,7% homens e 45,3% mulheres), sendo o lábio inferior (n = 484; 67,3%) o local de principal acometimento. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 20,8 anos (DP ± 14,4), com pico de ocorrência na segunda década de vida. A maioria dos profissionais teve mucocele oral/rânula (n = 606; 84,3%) como primeira hipótese clínica. Conclusão: O FEM é uma lesão que afeta principalmente pacientes jovens, acometendo preferencialmente o lábio inferior, sendo comumente encontrada nos serviços de diagnóstico oral.

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Benign lymphoepithelial lesions (BLLs) usually affect the parotid glands, resulting in their asymmetrical enlargement. The condition can be associated with Sjögren's syndrome (SS), which in turn may predispose the affected patient to the development of malignant lymphoma. BLLs arising in the intraoral minor salivary glands are rare; such a lesion should prompt the work-up for SS. In some instances, a BLL of a minor salivary gland could represent the initial stage of a mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. A case of BLL arising in the palatal minor salivary glands is reported here. The importance of an appropriate diagnostic work-up is emphasized and the relationship of BLL with SS is reinforced.

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INTRODUCTION: Mucoceles are common benign pseudocystic lesions of the oral cavity; their main etiological factors are trauma and ductal obstruction. Two histological patterns are found: mucus retention phenomenon (MRP) and mucus extravasation phenomenon (MEP). Mucus extravasation phenomenon is the more common histological subtype and it mainly affects the lower lip. The knowledge of its main clinical features and management is important to assist health professionals in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the relative frequency and distribution of oral mucoceles in an oral pathology reference center. METHODS: Cross-sectional historical study that analyzed all cases pathologically diagnosed as mucus extravasation phenomenon by the department of anatomic pathology of an oral pathology referral center from June of 1970 to May of 2014, considering the clinical characteristics of the lesion and those relating to the patient. SPSS v. 20.0 software for Windows was used for descriptive analysis. RESULTS: During 43 years, 719 cases of mucus extravasation phenomenon (54.7% men and 45.3% women) were registered, with the lower lip as the most commonly affected site (n=484; 67.3%). The average age of patients was 20.8 years (SD±14.4) with a peak occurrence in the second decade of life. Most professionals had oral mucocele/ranula (n=606; 84.3%) as the initial clinical impression. CONCLUSION: Mucus extravasation phenomenon is a lesion that primarily affects young patients, affecting mainly the lower lip, and is commonly found in oral diagnostic services.

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Although the number of reported cases is low, mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignant salivary gland neoplasm in the oral cavity. Its etiology is unknown. Clinically, it is described as a painful or painless swelling most often seen in the palate. Due to its great biological diversity, treatment and prognosis depend on the histological grade, location, and tumor stage. The objective of the present study was to describe a clinical case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma in a Brown female patient aged 45 years. Intraoral physical examination revealed a 1.0 cm diameter, bluish bubble with clear boundaries in the left retromolar region. The bubble had been there for roughly four months. An excisional biopsy was performed to confirm the clinical diagnosis of mucocele. Yellowish mucous leaked during the excision. The anatomical-pathological result was mucoepidermoid carcinoma, after which the patient was referred to a head and neck surgeon. Hence, we emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and proper management of this disease. Even when its clinical appearance is not suggestive of malignancy, mucoepidermoid carcinoma diagnosis should be considered in cases of proliferative oral lesions.

Embora apresente uma casuística baixa, o Carcinoma Mucoepidermoide é a neoplasia maligna de glândula salivar mais observada na cavidade oral. Possui etiopatogenia desconhecida e, clinicamente, apresenta-se como tumefação sintomática ou não, sendo o palato, o sítio de predileção. Em decorrência da sua grande diversidade biológica, o tratamento e prognóstico dependem do grau histológico, da localização e do estágio clínico do tumor. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo descrever um caso clínico de carcinoma mucoepidermoide de uma paciente do gênero feminino, 45 anos de idade, feoderma. O exame físico intraoral evidenciou, em região retromolar esquerda, bolha de limites nítidos, medindo cerca de 1,0 cm de diâmetro, coloração azulada, presente há aproximadamente quatro meses. Diante do diagnóstico clínico de mucocele, foi realizada a biopsia excisional; durante a execução da mesma, observou-se extravasamento de muco amarelado. Após o resultado anatomopatológico de carcinoma mucoepiderrmoide, a paciente foi encaminhada ao cirurgião de cabeça e pescoço. Desta forma, enfatiza-se a importância do diagnóstico precoce e correto manejo desta patologia, que, mesmo quando sua aparência clínica não sugerir malignidade, deve ser considerada como hipótese diagnóstica em lesões proliferativas da boca.

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Sialolithiasis, or salivary calculus, is a disease of the salivary glands, characterized by the formation of mineralized structures within the excretory salivary ducts or the glandular parenchyma. Approximately 80% occur in the submandibular gland, followed by the parotid and sublingual glands. Although rare, sialolithiasis can also occur in the minor salivary glands. Although the oral cavity and upper lip are the most common sites, they can develop in any region of the oral cavity that contains minor salivary glands. Treatment is based on surgical excision of the lesion, with a favorable prognosis. This study presents three cases of sialolithiasis of minor salivary glands of the upper and lower lip, addresses their clinical characteristics and correlation with microscopic findings, diagnosis and treatment plans. Etiology and factors that should be considered during diagnosis, appropriate treatment and improved prognosis are discussed in this study. .

A sialolitíase, ou cálculo salivar é uma doença de glândulas salivares, caracterizada pela formação de estrutura mineralizada no interior dos ductos salivares excretores ou no próprio parênquima glandular. A glândula submandibular é acometida em aproximadamente 80% dos casos seguida das glândulas parótida e sublingual. Embora raro o cálculo salivar também pode ocorrer em glândulas salivares menores. O lábio superior e a mucosa oral são os sítios de envolvimento de maior frequência, embora possam desenvolver-se em qualquer região da cavidade oral que contenha glândulas salivares menores. O tratamento baseia-se na remoção cirurgia, com prognóstico favorável. Este artigo apresenta três casos raros de sialolitíase de glândula salivar menor localizados em lábio superior e inferior, abordando as características clínicas e sua relação com os achados microscópicos, diagnóstico e formas de tratamento. A etiologia da lesão e fatores que devem ser considerados para o diagnóstico, tratamento adequado e um melhor prognóstico são discutidos neste estudo.