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The thermal mineral water of Peñón de los Baños spa (Mexico City) has been used for over 500 years starting in pre-Hispanic times and is famous for the treatment of various pathologies. It has a temperature of 45 °C, which is rich in HCO3-, and its main trace elements are B, Li and Fe, which confers healing effects. Concerns about the sustainability of this important spa have motivated this study to understand the thermal system, possible hydraulic and hydrochemical changes over time and its implications. Stable water isotope data indicate that the thermal water sources originate from local precipitation at Sierra de las Cruces with a recharge elevation of approximately 2770 m above sea level. The recharged water percolates through volcanic and carbonate rock formations and ascends via fault structure conduits, where it eventually is extracted 25 km downstream in Peñon de los Baños. During the gravity-driven deep circulation of up to 4.9 km, the groundwater is heated up to 136-160 °C. A comparison of past and current water levels and water chemical analyses indicates a water table drop and few variations in the chemical composition, confirming the presence of anthropic impact on water quality. Due to the heavy groundwater extractions in Mexico City, the spring water flow has ceased, and water must be pumped now from a 203-m deep well. In addition, the concentration of bicarbonate, sodium and chloride has been reduced by half since the onset of groundwater development. The therapeutic effects of this thermal mineral water are at risk due to the alteration of the chemical signature. However, new and different therapeutical uses may prevent a future deterioration or closure of this historically important thermal spa. It is crucial to establish a monitoring program of the thermal mineral water and reducing or minimizing nearby urban extractions which tap the regional flow component to preserve the properties of the thermal water.

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A magnetic mesoporous molecularly imprinted polymers was synthesized on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles silanized with 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate to introduce reactive methacrylate groups. Subsequently, methacrylic acid monomers were grafted onto the surface of this adsorbent functionalized via polymerization by precipitation. Magnetic mesoporous molecularly imprinted polymer was properly characterized by different techniques and applied as adsorbent in magnetic solid phase extraction for selective determination of two organophosphorus pesticides, azamethiphos and chlorpyrifos, in mineral water and grape samples. After sample preparation optimization, recoveries of 99.56% and 98.86% were obtained for azamethiphos and chlorpyrifos, respectively. The magnetic solid phase extraction coupled to HPLC-UV presented limit of quantification of 5 ng mL-1, linearity ranged of 5 to 1000 ng mL-1, in addition to adequate accuracy, precision and robustness. The pesticides showed stability in the matrix and were satisfactorily quantified in real mineral water and grape samples.

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Degradation of seven relevant pharmaceuticals with different chemical structures and properties: acetaminophen (ACE), cloxacillin (CXL), diclofenac (DCF), naproxen (NPX), piroxicam (PXC), sulfacetamide (SAM) and cefadroxil (CDX), in distilled water and mineral water by ultrasound was studied herein. Firstly, proper conditions of frequency and acoustic power were determined based on the degradation ability of the system and the accumulation of sonogenerated hydrogen peroxide (24.4 W and 375 kHz were found as the suitable conditions for the sonochemical treatment of the pharmaceuticals). Under such conditions, the pharmaceuticals degradation order in distilled water was: PXC > DCF ~ NPX > CXL > ACE > SAM > CDX. In fact, the initial degradation rate showed a good correlation with the Log P parameter, most hydrophobic compounds were eliminated faster than the hydrophilic ones. Interestingly, in mineral water, the degradation of those hydrophilic compounds (i.e., ACE, SAM and CDX) was accelerated, which was attributed to the presence of bicarbonate ions. Afterwards, mineral water containing six different initial concentrations (i.e., 0.331, 0.662, 3.31, 16.55, 33.1, and 331 µM) of selected pharmaceuticals was sonicated, the lowest concentration (0.331 µM) always gave the highest degradation of the pollutants. This result highlights the great ability of the sonochemical process to treat bicarbonate-rich waters containing pollutants at trace levels, as pharmaceuticals. Finally, the addition of ferrous ions to the sonochemical system to generate a sono-Fenton process resulted in an acceleration of degradation in distilled water but not in mineral water. This was attributed to the scavenging of sonogenerated HO• by bicarbonate anion, which decreases H2O2 accumulation, thus limiting the Fenton reaction.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa, agente patogênico oportunista, é frequentemente encontrado em águas minerais e pode causar infecções em indivíduos imunocomprometidos. Neste estudo foi avaliada a sobrevivência e/ou a multiplicação de P. aeruginosa em amostras de água mineral em embalagens plásticas de 1,5 L e 20 L, experimentalmente contaminadas, armazenadas a 35 ± 1ºC, 4 ± 2°C e em temperatura ambiente (20-25ºC), durante o período de validade do produto. Nas amostras de água mineral em garrafa plástica de 1,5 L, armazenadas a 35 ± 1ºC e 4 ± 2ºC, a população de P. aeruginosa manteve-se viável durante 370 e 100 dias, respectivamente. O maior aumento da população bacteriana ocorreu nas amostras de água mineral em galão de 20 L, armazenadas entre 20 a 25ºC, que passou de 3,8 para 6,6 log10 UFC/mL em um período de sete dias. Portanto, os galões de 20 L merecem atenção especial, pois além de serem retornáveis, normalmente são armazenados à temperatura ambiente. Os resultados reforçam a necessidade das empresas de águas minerais implantarem e implementarem as Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF) e o sistema Análise de Perigo e Pontos Críticos de Controle (APPCC) para eliminar ou minimizar os riscos do consumo deste produto.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen, is often found in bottled waters and capable of infecting the immunocompromised patients. The present study aimed at evaluating the survival and/ or the growth of P. aeruginosa strain in 1,5 L and 20 L bottled mineral water samples experimentally contaminated, stored at 35 ± 1°C, 4 ± 2°C, and at room temperature (from 20 to 25°C) during the product shelf-life period. In the mineral water samples contained in 1.5 L bottles, stored at 35 ± 1ºC and 4 ± 2ºC, P. aeruginosa remained viable for 370 and 100 days, respectively. The major increase in the bacterial population occurred in mineral water samples in 20 L bottles stored at 20 to 25ºC, being from 3.8 to 6.6 log10 CFU/mL, in a period of seven days. Therefore, the 20 L bottles deserve a special attention because, in addition of being returnable, they are usually stored at room temperature. The results reinforce the need of the mineral water companies in implementing the Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) and the HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) to eliminate and to minimize the risks of consuming the contaminated product.

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Cronobacter infections of infants are commonly regarded as due to the ingestion of contaminated feed. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of Cronobacter, total coliforms and Escherichia coli in different brands of natural mineral waters as sold in 20 l returnable bottles in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The quantification of total coliforms and E. coli was performed by Most Probable Number. The detection of Cronobacter was as according to the ISO 22964:2017 and Bacteriological Analytical Manual/FDA. Molecular characterization of Cronobacter isolates was performed by real-time PCR and by multi-locus sequence typing. The antibiotic susceptibility profile was determined and biofilm production was evaluated in polystyrene microplates. Total coliforms and E. coli were detected in 13 (39·4%) and 2 (6·1%) of the 33 lots analysed respectively, and were considered unsatisfactory for human consumption according to Brazilian law. One (3·0%) lot showed contamination by C. malonaticus ST440 (Cronobacter MLST Databases accession no. ID 2646). The strain was susceptible to all (n = 13) antibiotics tested and only formed a weak biofilm. Since there is a high consumption of natural mineral waters by elderly and immunosuppressed persons, epidemiological surveillance agencies should be aware of the risk that these waters may represent for these groups. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Cronobacter malonaticus ST440 was isolated from 20 l bottled drinking natural mineral waters sold in markets in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, and can be a potential threat to human health, particularly for neonates. Thirteen lots (39·4%) were unsatisfactory for human consumption due to the presence of total coliforms and/or Escherichia coli.

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The Chilean bottled water market has experienced continuous growth since 2000, surpassing 500 million liters sold in 2015. Generally, consumers tend to associate the consumption of bottled water with a healthy lifestyle, but current Chilean law does not require the product to be labelled with the chemical composition, thus preventing consumers from making informed choices. Our study focuses on determining the water quality of ten brands of bottled water available for sale in Santiago, Chile. All of the analyzed water was not carbonated and in plastic containers in the 1.5 L size when available and the closest size to this when not available. Thirty-two chemical elements were analyzed, including minor and trace elements, and the data have been evaluated with respect to the limits established by Chilean and international regulatory agencies. Our results indicate that the quality of the analyzed water generally complies with Chilean law for bottled water. However, 30% of the analyzed samples exceed the values of arsenic (As) permitted by Chilean drinking water regulations, the World Health Organization and the United States Environmental Protection Agency. In 40% of the samples, the NO3 content is higher than groundwater values suggesting that the source of the bottled water is superficial. The purified bottled water brands contain minimal amounts of dissolved elements but do not comply with all of the parameters (e.g., pH) established by Chilean drinking water regulations. Our study highlights that there is an inconsistency between the Chilean norms that regulate bottled water and those that regulate drinking water. Some of the analyzed bottled waters do not comply with the drinking water regulations and paradoxically these brands should not be consumed by humans. However, risk assessment calculations for As ingestion show that the consumption of 1 L/day of bottled water does not pose a risk for human health.

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In the present paper, a new analytical preconcentration/speciation method for antimony species determination in bottled mineral water samples using the SiO2/Al2O3/SnO2 adsorbent was developed. The method is based on selective adsorption of Sb(III) ions by SiO2/Al2O3/SnO2 under a wide pH range (2.5-7.5). Total antimony was determined with previous sample treatment using 0.1% (w/v) l-cysteine and the concentration of Sb(V) species was determined by the difference between total and Sb(III). The proposed method provided an analytical curve ranging from 0.50 to 5.00 µg L-1 (r = 0.999), limit of detection (LD) of 0.17 µg L-1 and preconcentration factor (PF) of 136-fold. The method exhibited tolerance to different metal ions and the accuracy was attested from addition and recovery tests (95.2-106.0%) in bottled mineral water samples using 2.0% (w/v) l-cysteine, as well as by analysis of certified material. Only Sb(III) species were determined in mineral water (0.54-1.04 µg L-1).

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa, agente patogênico oportunista, é frequentemente encontrado em águas minerais e pode causar infecções em indivíduos imunocomprometidos. Neste estudo foi avaliada a sobrevivência e/ou a multiplicação de P. aeruginosa em amostras de água mineral em embalagens plásticas de 1,5 L e 20 L, experimentalmente contaminadas, armazenadas a 35 ± 1ºC, 4 ± 2°C e em temperatura ambiente (20-25ºC), durante o período de validade do produto. Nas amostras de água mineral em garrafa plástica de 1,5 L, armazenadas a 35 ± 1ºC e 4 ± 2ºC, a população de P. aeruginosa manteve-se viável durante 370 e 100 dias, respectivamente. O maior aumento da população bacteriana ocorreu nas amostras de água mineral em galão de 20 L, armazenadas entre 20 a 25ºC, que passou de 3,8 para 6,6 log10 UFC/mL em um período de sete dias. Portanto, os galões de 20 L merecem atenção especial, pois além de serem retornáveis, normalmente são armazenados à temperatura ambiente. Os resultados reforçam a necessidade das empresas de águas minerais implantarem e implementarem as Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF) e o sistema Análise de Perigo e Pontos Críticos de Controle (APPCC) para eliminar ou minimizar os riscos do consumo deste produto.(AU)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen, is often found in bottled waters and capable of infecting the immunocompromised patients. The present study aimed at evaluating the survival and/ or the growth of P. aeruginosa strain in 1,5 L and 20 L bottled mineral water samples experimentally contaminated, stored at 35 ± 1°C, 4 ± 2°C, and at room temperature (from 20 to 25°C) during the product shelf-life period. In the mineral water samples contained in 1.5 L bottles, stored at 35 ± 1ºC and 4 ± 2ºC, P. aeruginosa remained viable for 370 and 100 days, respectively. The major increase in the bacterial population occurred in mineral water samples in 20 L bottles stored at 20 to 25ºC, being from 3.8 to 6.6 log10 CFU/mL, in a period of seven days. Therefore, the 20 L bottles deserve a special attention because, in addition of being returnable, they are usually stored at room temperature. The results reinforce the need of the mineral water companies in implementing the Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) and the HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) to eliminate and to minimize the risks of consuming the contaminated product.(AU)

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O uso das águas minerais para tratamento de saúde é um procedimento dos mais antigos, utilizado desde a época do Império Grego, recebeu vários nomes ao longo dos anos: Hidrologia Médica, Crenoterapia e Termalismo. No Brasil, a Crenoterapia foi introduzida juntamente com a colonização portuguesa, que trouxe ao país os seus hábitos de usar águas minerais para tratamento de saúde. A princípio, principalmente nos séculos XVII e XVIII, as águas tinham o seu poder curativo comprovado por experiências práticas e eram relacionadas ao mundo religioso, sendo, por isso, consideradas sagradas e milagrosas. As fontes de águas minerais foram as responsáveis pela formação e desenvolvimento de muitas cidades em Minas Gerais, atraindo a vinda de vários viajantes interessados no poder curativo e milagroso das águas. O sucesso do tratamento de doenças, com os banhos de águas minerais transformou lugarejos em centros urbanos. O potencial econômico das águas minerais, ao logo dos anos, despertou a atenção dos governantes mineiros, que passaram a realizar investimentos nas cidades que possuíam estâncias hidrominerais. Essas cidades, aos olhos dos governantes, tinham potencial para representar o grau de progresso e civilização almejado pelo Estado de Minas Gerais. No entanto, além da higiene, segurança e conforto, fazia-se necessário atingir outros patamares quanto à cientificidade para a indicação terapêutica das águas minerais. Assim, entra em cena a Universidade de Minas Gerais, que foi criada em 07 de setembro de 1927, pela Lei 956, promulgada pelo então Presidente do Estado de Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Ribeiro de Andrada. A análise dos documentos durante a pesquisa revelou a existência de um acordo...

The use of mineral waters for health treatment purpose, is not a new procedure, being used since the Greek Empire times, has received several names over the years: Medical Hydrology, Cotherapy and Thermalism. In Brazil the crenoterapia was introduced by the Portuguese colonization, which brought to the country the habits of using mineral waters for health treatment. At first, especially in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the waters had their curative power, proved by practical experience and was linked to the religious world, and therefore considered sacred and miraculous. The sources of mineral waters were responsible for the beginning and development of many cities in Minas Gerais, attracting several travelers interested in the curative and miraculous power of the waters. The success of disease treatment through mineral water baths has turned hamlets into urban centers. The economic potential of the mineral waters, at the turn of the years, attracted the attention of the mining rulers, who began to invest in the cities that had hydro-mineral spots. These, in the eyes of the rulers, had the potential to represent the degree of progress and civilization sought by the State of Minas Gerais. However, besides hygiene, safety and comfort, it was necessary to reach other levels as the scientific knowledge to correct therapeutic indication of the mineral waters. Thus, the University of Minas Gerais, which was created on September 7, 1927 by Law 956, was promulgated by the President of the State of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Ribeiro de Andrada. The analysis of the documents during the research revealed the existence of an agreement between the President of the State in the year 1927 and the director of the Faculty of Medicine for the creation of the University of Minas Gerais. The importance of hydromineral stations to the state and the need to legitimize scientific knowledge for water therapy led the President of the State to support...

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da água consumida, tem mostrado o potencial crescimento do consumo de água mineral pela população, por acreditar ser um comportamento saudável e devido à insegurança em relação à qualidade e quantidade da água ofertada pelos serviços públicos. O consumo de água contaminada pode transmitir doenças como gastroenterites, hepatite, provocando vômitos, diarreia, náuseas, podendo levar à morte. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as condições higienicossanitárias de indústrias de águas minerais na Ilha de São Luís- MA. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, realizado com dados secundários de 2014 coletados na Superintendência de Vigilância Sanitário do Estado do Maranhão. Como parâmetro para classificação das indústrias por grupo de risco, utilizou-se a resolução 173/2006, da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Todas as indústrias pesquisadas foram classificadas em baixo risco, por atenderem a 100% dos itens referentes à higienização, e entre 76 e 100% dos demais itens. Diante dos dados pode-se concluir que a água mineral envasada e comercializada pelas indústrias pesquisadas na Ilha de São Luís- MA estão adequadas para o consumo humano.

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A simple, rapid, and sensitive method for the determination of atrazine, simazine, cyproconazole, tebuconazole, and epoxiconazole in mineral water employing the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with solidification of a floating organic drop with determination by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry has been developed. A mixed solution of 250 µL 1-dodecanol and 1250 µL methanol was injected rapidly into 10 mL aqueous solution (pH 7.0) with 2% w/v NaCl. After centrifugation for 5 min at 2000 rpm, the organic solvent droplets floated on the surface of the aqueous solution and the floating solvent solidified. The method limits of detection were between 3.75 and 37.5 ng/L and limits of quantification were between 12.5 and 125 ng/L. The recoveries ranged from 70 to 118% for repeatability and between 76 and 95% for intermediate precision with a relative standard deviation from 2 to 18% for all compounds. Low matrix effect was observed. The proposed method can be successfully applied in routine analysis for determination of pesticide residues in mineral water samples, allowing for monitoring of triazine and triazoles at levels below the regulatory limits set by international and national legislations.

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A percepção de que a água é essencial e o interesse pela melhor qualidade da água consumida, tem mostrado o potencial crescimento do consumo de água mineral pela população, por acreditar ser um comportamento saudável e devido à insegurança em relação à qualidade e quantidade da água ofertada pelos serviços públicos. O consumo de água contaminada pode transmitir doenças como gastroenterites, hepatite, provocando vômitos, diarreia, náuseas, podendo levar à morte. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as condições higienicossanitárias de indústrias de águas minerais na Ilha de São Luís- MA. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, realizado com dados secundários de 2014 coletados na Superintendência de Vigilância Sanitário do Estado do Maranhão. Como parâmetro para classificação das indústrias por grupo de risco, utilizou-se a resolução 173/2006, da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Todas as indústrias pesquisadas foram classificadas em baixo risco, por atenderem a 100% dos itens referentes à higienização, e entre 76 e 100% dos demais itens. Diante dos dados pode-se concluir que a água mineral envasada e comercializada pelas indústrias pesquisadas na Ilha de São Luís- MA estão adequadas para o consumo humano.(AU)

The perception that water is essential and the interest in better quality of this have shown a raise in mineral water consumption by the population, believing that it is a healthy habit, and insecurity regarding the quality and quantity supplied by public services. Drinking contaminated water can transmit diseases such as gastroenteritis, hepatitis, causing vomiting, diarrhea, nausea and may lead to death. The aim was to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary conditions of mineral water industries in São Luis - MA. This is a descriptive study, which used secondary data on inspections made by the Superintendência de Vigilância Sanitária de Estado do Maranhão. As a parameter for classify industries by risk group, was used the resolution 173/2006, from the Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. All industries were classified as low risk, for meeting 100% of items related to hygiene and 76-100% in other items. Looking data, we can conclude that mineral water processed and sale by the surveyed industries in São Luís- MA are suitable for human consumption.(AU)

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Introducción: el consumo de dietas con un potencial alcalinizante ha sido asociado con varios efectos beneciosos sobre la salud. El potencial alcalinizante de un alimento en particular puede evaluarse mediante el cálculo del PRAL, una fórmula que tiene en cuenta el contenido de sulfato, fosfato, cloruro, sodio, calcio, potasio y magnesio de los alimentos. Objetivos: revisar la literatura para vericar el efecto del magnesio y alimentos/agua con potencial alcalinizante para la salud. También evaluar la capacidad de un filtro comercial para hacer el agua más alcalinizante y aumentar su contenido de magnesio. Materiales y métodos: se utilizaron cuatro filtros y el PRAL se calculó para todas las muestras; los valores se expresaron como media ± desviación estándar. Resultados: se encontró un aumento en el pH (IC 95%: 2,702 a -2,548; p<0,0001) y una reducción en el valor de PRAL (IC 95%: 1,418 a 2,081; p<0,0001). El magnesio fue el mayor predictor de un valor de PRAL alcalinizante dado que hubo un incremento estadísticamente significativo (IC 95%: 54,00 a -39,16; p<0,0001) en el contenido de magnesio después del proceso de filtración independiente de la fuente de agua. Conclusiones: la mayoría de los estudios sugiere que el consumo de alimentos alcalinizantes se asocia con una reducción de la resorción ósea y la inhibición de la actividad de los osteoclastos. El consumo de magnesio se relaciona con un menor riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular, diabetes tipo II y determinados tipos de demencia como la enfermedad de Alzheimer.

Introduction: the intake of alkalizing potential diets has been associated with various bene¬cial effects on health. The alkalizing potential of a particular food can be evaluated by the PRAL calculation, a formula considering the content of sulfate, Phosphate, chloride, sodium, calcium, potassium and magnesium in food. Objectives: to check the scientific literature to verify the effect of magnesium and food/water with alkalizing potential for health. The capacity of a commercial filter to make water more alkalizing and increase the content of magnesium was also evaluated. Materials and methods: four filters were used and PRAL was calculated for all samples, and the values were reported as mean ± standard deviation. Results: an increase in pH was observed (CI 95%: -2,702 to -2,548; p<0,0001) and a reduction in the PRAL value (CI 95%: 1,418 to 2,081; p<0,0001). Magnesium was the major predictor of an alkalizing PRAL value, since there was a statistically significant increase (CI 95%: -54,00 to -39,16; p<0,0001) in the content of magnesium after the independent filtration process of water source. Conclusions: most of the studies suggest that the consumption of alkalizing water is associated with a reduction in bone resorption and inhibition of osteoclast activity. The consumption of magnesium is associated with a less risk of cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes and certain types of dementia such as Alzheimer.

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A qualidade microbiológica e físico-química de amostras de água fora dos padrões legais permitidos tem contribuído para o aumento do consumo de água envasada por parte da população. Objetivou-se verificar a qualidade microbiológica e físico-química de quatro marcas de água mineral comercializadas no município de São Mateus, ES. Para a detecção de coliformes totais, Escherichia coli e Salmonella spp. utilizou-se kit microbiológico Tecnobac® e para contagem de bactérias heterotróficas utilizou-se a técnica de semeadura em profundidade. Para as análises físicoquímicas utilizou-se kit analítico Ecokit®. Verificou-se o pH, a condutividade, além da análise de ferro. Os resultados das análises microbiológicas demonstraram que todas as marcas de água mineral investigadas estavam em conformidade com a Portaria 2914/2011 em relação aos coliformes totais e E. coli. Constatou-se a ausência de Salmonella spp. em todas as amostras. Com relação à contagem de bactérias heterotróficas, 5 amostras (13,89%) excederam o limite máximo permitido, estando em desacordo com a legislação vigente. As análises físico-químicas demonstraram que 25 amostras (55,56%) obtiveram valores fora dos padrões preconizados pela portaria. Sugere-se a implementação de Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF) e de ações conjuntas com os responsáveis pelas empresas, de forma a garantir a saúde da população.

The microbiological and physicochemical quality of water samples out of permitted legal standards has contributed to the increased consumption of bottled water by the population. It has been our objective to verify the microbiological and physicochemistry quality of four brands of bottled water sold in the town of São Mateus-ES. We have used microbiological sekit Tecnobac® for detection of total coliforms, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp and; for counting heterotrophic bacteria we have used the pour plate technique. For physical and chemical analyzes we have used Ecokit sekit ®. We have verified the pH and conductivity as well as analysis of iron. The microbiological analysis showed that all brands of mineral water were investigated in accordance with Ordinance 2914/2011 in relation to total coliforms and E.coli. We have noted the absence of Salmonella spp. in all samples. In relation to the count of heterotrophic bacteria, five samples (13.89%) exceeded the maximum allowed, which is in disagreement with the current legislation. The physical-chemical analyzes showed that 25 samples (55.56%) had values outside the standards recommended by the Ordinance. It is suggested the implementation of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and joint actions with the companies and their staff to ensure the health of the population.

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O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade microbiológica de forma qualitativa, e quantitativamente as propriedades físico-químicas das águas minerais comercializadas na Região do Vale do Jamari ­ Rondônia ­ Brasil, composta hoje por nove municípios. Para as análises foram utilizadas seis marcas diferentes e de cada uma delas, três lotes distintos. Ao se tratar das análises da qualidade microbiológica foi utilizado o método rápido de Colitag em 100 ml de água mineral, identificando a presença de Coliformes totais e Coliformes termotolerantes (Escherichia coli). As análises físico-químicas avaliaram os parâmetros de pH, condutividade elétrica, temperatura, turbidez e a concentração de flúor presente. Os resultados apresentaram contaminação com bactérias do grupo coliformes totais em todos os lotes analisados, e em alguns a presença de Escherichia coli. Em relação às análises físico-químicas a maioria das marcas apresentou resultados próximos em comparação às informações contidas nos rótulos.

This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological quality qualitatively and quantitatively the physicochemical properties of mineral waters marketed in Vale do Jamari - Rondônia - Brazil, composed of nine counties today. For the analysis we used six different brands and each of three different lots. When dealing with the analysis of microbiological method was used for rapid Colitag in 100 ml of mineral water, identifying the presence of total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms (Escherichia coli). The physico-chemical parameters evaluated for pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, turbidity and fluoride concentration. The results were contaminated with total coliform bacteria in all analyzed batches, and in some cases the presence of Escherichia coli. Regarding physicochemical analyzes most brands had similar results compared to the information on the labels.

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Neste trabalho foi avaliada a metodologia para determinar bisfenol A (BFA) em água mineral, utilizando-se a extração em fase sólida (SPE), a derivação com anidrido trifluoroacético (TFAA) e a análise por cromatografia em fase gasosa com detectore de captura de elétrons (GC/ECD). A curva analítica forneceu coeficiente de correlação (R) de 0,999, valores de recuperação entre 88 e 106%, limites de detecção e de quantificação de 2,5 e 25,0 ng.mL-1, respectivamente. A metodologia foi aplicada em quatro amostras de diferentes marcas de água mineral dentre as quais apenas uma apresentou resultado detectabel de 0,46 ng.mL-1. Este estudo sugere que a BFA pode ser facilmente detectado r quantificado na matriz utilizada por meio de metodologia proposta, a qual demonstrou ser seletiva, precisa e exata.(AU)

This study evaluated the methodology for determining bisphenol A (BPA) in mineral water by using the solid phase extraction (SPE), the derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA), and the gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC/ECD) analysis. The analytical curve provided the correlation coefficient (R) of 0.999, and the recovery values from 88 to 106%. The limit of detention was 2.5 and the limit of quantification was 25.0 ng.mL-1. Four mineral water samples from different brands were analyzed by this methodology and among them only one (sample 3) showed detectable result of 0.46 ng.mL-1. This study suggested that BPA could be easily detected and quantified in mineral water samples by employing the proposed methodology, which was selective, accurate and precise.(AU)

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Introdução: A água é importante fonte de ingestão de flúor. Considerando-se o aumento no consumo de água mineral e a possibilidade de esta conter teores inadequados de flúor, o presente estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar a concentração desse elemento na água mineral engarrafada comercializada, comparando-a aos valores declarados no rótulo da embalagem. Material e método: Foram adquiridas 50 amostras de água mineral de cinco diferentes marcas disponíveis em diversos supermercados, mercearias e lanchonetes de grande circulação do município de Ponta Grossa-PR. A concentração de flúor foi determinada por análise em duplicata, utilizando-se potenciômetrocom eletrodo íon-seletivo. Resultado: A concentração de flúor variou entre 0,034 e 0,142 mg F.L-1, com diferenças pouco significativas entre os valores estipulados nos rótulos da maioria das marcas de água mineral e aqueles determinados na presente investigação. Conclusão: Apesar de os valores de flúor encontrados nas amostras analisadas se mostrarem seguros quanto aos riscos de fluorose dentária, estes não apresentaram ação preventiva anticárie.

Introduction: Water is an important source of fluoride intake. Considering the mineral water consumption increase and the possibility that they contain inadequate levels of fluoride, this study evaluated the concentration of fluoride in bottled mineral water, and compared to those values reported on the packaging label. Material and method: Fifty mineral water samples from the five different brands were purchased at several supermarkets; grocery stores, and restaurants of the highly frequented in Ponta Grossa-PR. The fluoride concentration was determined onduplicate analysis, using a potentiometer with selective-ion electrode. Result: The concentration of fluoride ranged from 0,034 to 0,142 mg F.L-1, and no significant difference was observed between the values reported on the labels and those found in the present investigation in samples from the majority of brands. Conclusion: In spite of thefluoride contents found to be safe for not causing a risk for dental fluorosis, there was no significant preventive meaning for tooth cavity.

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RESUMEN

The quality of mineral water commercialized in Brazil regarding the microbial content was analyzed and the results were compared with the standards established by the current legislation. Results demonstrated there was no bacterial contamination, but several types of fungi were found. Therefore, bottled mineral water could be considered a possible route for the transmission of filamentous fungi and yeasts.

RESUMEN

The quality of mineral water commercialized in Brazil regarding the microbial content was analyzed and the results were compared with the standards established by the current legislation. Results demonstrated there was no bacterial contamination, but several types of fungi were found. Therefore, bottled mineral water could be considered a possible route for the transmission of filamentous fungi and yeasts.

RESUMEN

The quality of mineral water commercialized in Brazil regarding the microbial content was analyzed and the results were compared with the standards established by the current legislation. Results demonstrated there was no bacterial contamination, but several types of fungi were found. Therefore, bottled mineral water could be considered a possible route for the transmission of filamentous fungi and yeasts.