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Objective To improve the existing military water tank to prevent water pollution.Methods The modified water tank was composed of a lip,body,a floating ring filled with foam materials,a zipper,multi faucets,drain valve,rack and etc.The zipper on the top of the tank could close down the tank,the faucets at the lower part realized water supply,and the drain valve at the bottom discharged residual water.Results The dust,small animals and etc were prevented from going into the tank with the consumed water decreased,and the tank was easy to clean.Conclusion The tank contributes to military water supply at field conditions,and is worthy promoting practically.

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As the demand for reliable and safe water supplies increases, both water quality and available quantity are being challenged by population growth and climate change. Greywater reuse is becoming a common practice worldwide; however, in remote locations of limited water supply, such as those encountered in military installations, it is desirable to expand its classification to include dishwashing water to maximize the conservation of fresh water. Given that no standards for dishwashing greywater reuse by the military are currently available, the current study determined a specific set of water quality standards for dishwater recycling systems for U.S. military field operations. A tentative water reuse standard for dishwashing water was developed based on federal and state regulations and guidelines for non-potable water, and the developed standard was cross-evaluated by monitoring water quality data from a full-scale dishwashing water recycling system using an innovative electrocoagulation and ultrafiltration process. Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) was also performed based on exposure scenarios derived from literature data. As a result, a specific set of dishwashing water reuse standards for field analysis (simple, but accurate) was finalized as follows: turbidity (<1 NTU), Escherichia coli (<50 cfu mL(-1)), and pH (6-9). UV254 was recommended as a surrogate for organic contaminants (e.g., BOD5), but requires further calibration steps for validation. The developed specific water standard is the first for dishwashing water reuse and will be expected to ensure that water quality is safe for field operations, but not so stringent that design complexity, cost, and operational and maintenance requirements will not be feasible for field use. In addition the parameters can be monitored using simple equipment in a field setting with only modest training requirements and real-time or rapid sample turn-around. This standard may prove useful in future development of civilian guidelines.

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some specific requirements for the military medicines which are used for treatment of special weapon injury and harsh environment induced diseases, such as administrative routes, formulations, packages and period of validity. Research and development of new pharmaceutical technologies have become more and more important for meeting the requirement and improving the serviceability of such medicines. Auto-injection, fast-dissolving technology, sustained or controlled release technologies are widely used for the purpose. In this paper, based on the analysis of the specific requirements, the current progress of new pharmaceutical technologies and their application in special military medicines are reviewed.