RESUMEN
Tinea capitis is a chronic fungal infection of the scalp occurring commonly in children of school age, especially in developing countries. It is caused primarily by the dermatophyte members of genera Microsporum and Trichophyton. Here we report presence of free-living mycelial stage of dermatophytes, a stage of fungal growth which form in culture medias, around affected hairs and skin scrapings of scalp lesions in a 3-year-old boy presenting with alopecia and multiple scaly, non-erythematous plaques. On direct microscopy examination using 10 % potassium hydroxide, the fungal hyphae and arthrospores were detected in ectothrix form. In addition, we also observed numerous multicellular, thick-walled spindle-shaped macroconidia around hairs and skin scrapings. To our knowledge this is the first study reporting dermatophyte's macroconidia directly seen on clinical samples. Species level identification of the dermatophyte isolate growing on Mycosel™ agar was confirmed by PCR-sequencing of internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal RNA as Microsporum ferrugineum. The patient was successfully treated with systemic itraconazole combined with topical ketoconazole shampoo.
RESUMEN
In this study, a novel real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay (DermaGenius®2.0, PathoNostics BV, Maastricht, The Netherlands) and a recently developed microarray test (EUROArray Dermatomycosis, Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany) were evaluated regarding their diagnostic specificity to identify dermatophyte DNA. The tests were compared to conventional methods and sequencing. The microarray Dermatomycosis test allows the detection of 50 dermatophytes and definitive identification of 23 dermatophyte species, 6 yeasts and moulds combined in one test. In comparison, real-time PCR is able to identify 11 dermatophytes and one yeast at the species level. Using the EUROArray, 22 out of 24 dermatophyte species were correctly identified. Using real-time PCR, 9 out of the 11 different dermatophytes included in the test kit were correctly identified. Both molecular tests for detection and differentiation of dermatophytes are useful tools for daily clinical practice. The real-time PCR test does not detect as many species, and specificity is slightly lower. However, real-time PCR is a very fast and easy to perform test, especially since no post-PCR step is necessary. Real-time PCR detects the most frequent dermatophytes like T. rubrum, T. interdigitale, and M. canis without any problems. The EUROArray is more elaborate to perform in the lab, due to the hybridization step. However, the EUROArray shows higher specificity and can detect a much broader range of causative agents, including rare species, in dermatomycology.
Asunto(s)
ADN de Hongos/clasificación , ADN de Hongos/genética , Dermatomicosis , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/métodos , Trichophyton/clasificación , Trichophyton/genética , ADN de Hongos/aislamiento & purificación , Alemania , Humanos , Microsporum/clasificación , Microsporum/genética , Microsporum/aislamiento & purificación , Países Bajos , Trichophyton/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Several pathogenic fungi and cases related to Japanese medical mycologists were reviewed. Trichosporon inkin (as Sarcinomyces inkin) was reported as a pathogen of scrotal lesion by Oho in 1921, and Trichosporon asahii was isolated from generalized keratotic lesions in 1922 by Akagi in Japan. They were once included in Trichophyton beigelii, but then based on revision using DNA molecular technology, were returned to their original names.Microsporum ferrugineum was reported by Ota as a causative dermatophyte of tinea capitis in Japan and surrounding areas. It was once classified under the genus Trichophyton, but after the discovery of characteristic rough-walled macroconidia belonging to genus Microsporum, the fungus was again assigned to the original name.
Asunto(s)
Micología/historia , Trichosporon , ADN de Hongos , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Humanos , Japón , Microsporum/clasificación , Microsporum/patogenicidad , Micología/tendencias , Piel/microbiología , Piel/patología , Tiña del Cuero Cabelludo/microbiología , Tiña del Cuero Cabelludo/patología , Trichophyton , Trichosporon/genética , Trichosporon/aislamiento & purificación , Trichosporon/patogenicidadRESUMEN
Microsporum (M.) ferrugineum has almost disappeared in Korea after three cases of tinea capitis that were reported in Jeonbuk province in 1993. It was most common cause of tinea capitis in Korea until 1970s. M. ferrugineum produces abundant chlamydospores. Another characteristic of the species is the production of distorted faviform hyphae and long, straight hyphae with thick septa that resemble segments of bamboo. We report a case of 27-year-old female with tinea corporis caused by M. ferrugineum.
Asunto(s)
Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Hifa , Corea (Geográfico) , Microsporum , Tiña , Tiña del Cuero CabelludoRESUMEN
We clescribe a patient who developed an annular patch with concentrically arranged rings of scales rescmbling tinea imbricata on his right forearm, which was ultiimately diagnosed as tinea corporis caused by Microsporum ferrugineum. Topical antifungal therapies alone were unsuccessful. The combination therapies of topical and systemic antifungal agents were subsequently performed and a good result was obtained.