RESUMEN
A fast and simple method, which employs QuEChERS and HPLC-UV, was developed to determine preservatives in processed foods from different classes. The method showed correlation coefficients above 0.99, LOQs between 0.13 and 0.33â¯mgâ¯kg-1 and recoveries between 91 and 107%, with RSDâ¯≤â¯5.3%. Levels of preservatives were up to 2040â¯mgâ¯kg-1 for benzoates, up to 3185â¯mgâ¯kg-1 for sorbates and up to 452â¯mgâ¯kg-1 for methylparaben. Only four out of 82 samples under analysis were above the maximum level allowed by the legislation. Additionally, daily intakes of preservatives were estimated. Regarding benzoates, relatively high intakes were estimated (25% of the acceptable daily intake - ADI) in comparison with sorbates (5% of ADI) and parabens (<1% of ADI), when mean consumption is considered. This method is a good alternative to determining preservatives in different food samples.
Asunto(s)
Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Conservantes de Alimentos/análisis , Benzoatos/análisis , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/normas , Análisis de los Alimentos , Límite de Detección , Nivel sin Efectos Adversos Observados , Parabenos/análisis , Control de Calidad , Ácido Sórbico/análisis , Espectrofotometría Ultravioleta , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The leaves of Pereskia aculeata Miller (Cactaceae), known as Barbados gooseberry, are used as emollients and to treat skin wounds and inflammatory process in Brazilian traditional medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study investigated the topical wound healing activity of gels containing the methanol extract (ME) and hexane fraction (HF) of the leaves of this plant in a model of excisional wound healing in mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Mice were anesthetized and excisional skin wounds were performed using a circular metal punch of 5mm diameter. Next, the animals were treated with 30µL of topical gel formulations containing the gel base (vehicle), HF 5% or ME 5%. The treatments were applied immediately after the injury and every 48h during 14 days. To verify the wound closure kinetics, a digital caliper was used throughout this period. Laser Doppler perfusion image (LDPI) was applied to evaluate the blood flow rate at the injury site. Microscopic examination of the skin tissues was performed by histopathological analysis with hematoxylin and eosin and Gomori trichrome staining. Picrosirius-red staining was also used for morphometric analysis for collagen quantification. RESULTS: Both HF and ME markedly accelerated the closeness of the skin wounds; however the HF activity was more evident, as this fraction induced the increase of blood flow rate and collagen deposition when statistically compared to the vehicle. The mice skin treated with HF and ME also showed less fibroplasia, blood vessels and inflammatory cells on the last day of experiment, which indicated a more advanced wound healing process. CONCLUSIONS: As the wound healing process was considerably accelerated, especially by HF gel formulation, the results of this study not only contributed to better understand the ethnopharmacological application of P. acuelata leaves, but also encouraged further investigations on how to explore the potential uses of this plant in skin therapies.
Asunto(s)
Cactaceae , Medicina Tradicional , Hojas de la Planta , Cicatrización de Heridas , Animales , Brasil , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BLRESUMEN
The pressure ulcer healing is a complex process and difficult to be achieved. Insulin is known to promote wound healing, and when complexed with cyclodextrin presents improved solubility, stability and biological activity. Complexation of insulin with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPßCD) was performed in this work through the coprecipitation method, providing the inclusion complex (HPßCD-I). The spectroscopic techniques used to analyze the complex were H(1) NMR, FT-Raman and FT-IR/ATR. A gel containing the HPßCD-I complex was prepared and a clinical study was conducted in patients with pressure ulcers. The spectroscopic techniques allowed to confirm the complex formation through the inclusion of aromatic amino acids, such as phenylalanine present in the HPßCD cavity. Data obtained from the FT-Raman and FT-IR/ATR techniques, combined with the H(1) NMR results, showed the effectiveness of these techniques in evaluating the inclusion complex of HPßCD with insulin. Clinical studies demonstrated tissue revitalization and a trend (p=0.06) for a significant difference between the healing effect of the control gel and that with HPßCD-I complex. The creation of the gel prepared with insulin and HPßCD-I complex and its use in patients with pressure ulcers appears to be promising in wound healing and its possible use in hospital care.