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ObjectiveTo improve the response capabilities to disasters and prevent major epidemics， it is of practical use to study the capability evaluation system of the national emergency medical rescue team that combines theoretical training and practical exercises， to enhance the overall quality of the teams. MethodsFirst， a capability assessment system for the national emergency medical rescue team was constructed based on the INSARAG External Classification （IEC） standards of the national emergency medical rescue team. Then， based on the outcome based education （OBE） concept， we conducted innovative research on the curriculum design and exercise programs for team building and member training. Finally， an empirical analysis was conducted on the effectiveness of the evaluation system and training exercises based on the statistical analysis of the comprehensive quality evaluation of the Shanghai national emergency medical rescue team from 2020 to 2023， as well as the empirical analysis of the rescue exercise on the Cruise of spectrum. ResultsBased on the linear regression analysis of each core competency indicators， the five core competencies in the evaluation system， including rescue skills， medical and health knowledge， disaster coping ability， team cooperation ability， and mental resilience training， were positively correlated with the cumulative number of trainings （r=0.71， r=0.76， r=0.81， r=0.84， r=0.96，all P<0.05）， indicating that the training was effective and the course design was reasonable. Empirical cases showed that the three-dimensional rescue drill model had remarkable results in the actual combat application and ability improvement of team members. ConclusionThe training courses and drills designed based on the three-level assessment system are effective in improving the comprehensive capabilities of the national emergency medical rescue team.

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As the backbone for the treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), nurses have been playing key roles in cabin hospitals, isolation wards, and intensive care units for critical cases. Anesthesia nurses have their own professional specialties, such as airway management, the use and maintenance of life support equipment, including ventilators, and the use of high-flow oxygen equipment. With rich experience in emergency responses and nursing, anesthesia nurses, along with emergency nurses and critical care nurses, play important roles during the treatment of patients with COVID-19. In our hospital, 27 of 34 anesthesia nurses participated in the front-line fight against COVID-19 and did an excellent job. Anesthesia care by nurses is relatively new in China, and the role of anesthesia nurses during a disaster response has not been fully appreciated. Given their specialty, anesthesia nurses have played important roles in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. We hope that authorities will consider including anesthesia nurses in national disaster response medical rescue teams.

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@# Emergencies refer to those events that cause serious social harm, including natural disasters and public health events, and require emergency response. Medical rescue team is the main emergency rescue team. While carrying out the rescue mission, they are under great pressure both physically and mentally due to the unadaptability of the rescue environment, the lack of protective materials, overwork and other reasons, often resulting in fear, tension, anxiety, pessimism, self-blame and even acute stress disorder. Without timely and effective psychological support, long-term psychological problems such as post-traumatic stress disorder will remain after the event. Comprehensive psychological support includes psychological measurement of the whole rescue process, team formation before rescue and detailed psychological support intervention training, self-relaxation during rescue, basic life and safety guarantee, drug treatment, online psychological assistance, withdrawal of stressors after rescue and lifestyle reconstruction.

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OBJECTIVE: Introduction: A burn is a superficial or deep tissue damage caused by the action of: heat (high temperature), chemicals, electric current, solar rays and ionizing radiation. The aim: To analyze the trips of emergency medical teams in the period from November 1, 2017 to April 30, 2018 to patients diagnosed with burns throughout the country. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The analysis covers the whole of Poland, all medical rescue teams. The obtained data comes from the System of Supporting the State Medical Rescue System. The analysis includes the characteristics of the population studied and the medicines used. The study included those that ended with the diagnosis of burns (T-20 to T-32). Taking into account the above criteria, 547 cases were obtained. RESULTS: Results: In 321 cases, there were women and 226 cases of men (58.68% vs 41.32%, p<0.001). More often, it referred to patients over 18 (317 cases vs. 193 below 18 years of age, p<0.001) in 37 cases no data. Most events were recorded in the Masovian and Silesian voivodships (12.97% and 11.33%) and the least in Podlasin (2.92%). In 20.47% of cases, pain treatment was applied, of which in the group of adults in 25.23% vs. 1658% in children, p<0.001. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The above results of medical emergency teams' activities indicate insufficient pharmacological treatment, which requires rapid improvement.

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OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Acute coronary syndromes are diagnosed in 1.5 million patients, in Poland about 140,000 patients per year. A medical dispatcher who has first contact with the patient or a witness of the accident plays a very important role. The aim: To analyze the quality indicators of the State Emergency Medical System, including the role of the medical dispatcher diling with patients with STEMI. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Material and methods: The medical documentation of the Voivodeship Emergency Medical Service in Katowice for the years 2013-2016 (n =915345)was analized a retrospective analysis. The study included those causes that ended with the diagnosed STEMI (870 cases). The final diagnosis was based on the data of the Polish Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes PL-ACS and AMI-PL. RESULTS: Results: STEMI was diagnosed in 870 visits (0.095%) causes. More often in men than in women (63.8% vs. 36.2%, p <0.001). The average age of the patients was 65 years ± 11.3. Most frequent STEMI occurred during the day (p <0.001). Patients either smoke or smoked in the past, a small proportion never smoked (78.3% vs 31.7%, p <0.001). The most frequent place occurrence of STEMI was the victim's home (p <0.001). The average time in the emergency code (K-1) was 6 min 29 seconds. It is worth noting that changing the code causes a dramatic increase in the time of a team reaching the place of an accident (p <0.001). The time of giving help is related to the time of day and the light of a conversation (p <0.001). CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Medical dispatcher and Emergency Medical Teams play a key role diling with patients with STEMI. Conducting activities in accordance with the current medical knowledge leads to much lower mortality and results in a better quality of life for the patient and his family.

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Objective To summarize the practices of national emergency medical rescue team in the fourth ASEAN regional forum disaster relief exercise.Methods The establishing principle and training mode of national emergency medical rescue team were introduced,and the advantages and disadvantages of the team were described in the preparation for exercise and rescue practice.Results The experience in Malaysia improved the team in emergency support.Conclusion The medical preparedness and rescue practice in transnational disaster relief are of great value for rapid response of national emergency medical rescue team.

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Objective To study the training methods of equipments for the national medical rescue team,for the purpose of enhanced equipment operation ability of team members and enhanced overall capacity for emergency rescue.Methods Using such methods as investigation and discussion,procedures development,examination standards development,and training and examination.These methods are designed to improve the equipment training methods for the national medical rescue team.Results Following the training,get-ready time of the whole team is cut back from 200 minutes to 90 minutes,and the roll-up time from 170 minutes to 80 minutes.Number of equipments mastered by the whole team has risen from 147 pcs/sets(47.2 ％) to 290 pcs/sets(94.5 ％),while average number of equipments mastered per person has risen from 98 pcs/sets(31.9％) to 185 pcs/sets(60.3％).Conclusion The Equipment Operation Procedures List and Equipment Training and Examination Standards should be made in consideration of the development needs of a national medical rescue team and disaster rescue experiences.In addition,such trainings and examinations as those by means of whole team,groups,and group-section crossing can improve the emergency rescue capabilities of the national medical rescue team.

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BACKGROUND: On 12th May 2008, a devastating earthquake of magnitude 8.0 struck Wenchuan, Sichuan Province of China, resulting in tremendous loss of lives and property. METHODS: We conducted an analysis of the types and distribution of the injuries among the wounded treated by a medical rescue team within 1 month following the Wenchuan earthquake in Jiangyou City. RESULTS: Within 1 month following the earthquake, 3,038 patients sustaining various traumatic injuries were treated in the emergency medical facility established based in a local hospital. Of these patients, 1,065 were hospitalized, including more female than male patients, with an average age of 40.2 years. Most of the patients sustained injuries in Pingwu County, which experienced a seismic intensity of level XI. The majority (91.4%) of the hospitalized patients were admitted in the initial 4 days after the earthquake. The injuries were classified into soft tissue injuries (48.0%), fractures (40.0%), complex injuries (3.1%), and other injuries. The injuries involved most frequently the head and face (28.5%), followed by the upper and lower limbs, chest and back, waist and abdomen, pelvis, and spine. Multiple injuries (15.4%) were also common among these patients. CONCLUSION: The devastating earthquake resulted in a large number of patients with soft tissue injuries frequently in the head and fractures involving mainly the limbs, especially the upper limbs. The injuries sustained in earthquakes are usually serious and complex, often with such complications as shock, infection, and crush syndrome. Multiple injuries are common in the event of an earthquake.

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Objective To summarize the enperience of medical rescue and rdlief work in flood disaster at over seas. Method From August,26 to September14, 2010, China's international medical rescue team urgently ordered by the Chinese gevernment for the first time went to join the Pakistan flood disaster medical relief mission to carry out international humanitarianism rescue work. Aiming directly at infectious diseases prevention and treatment after flood disaster, organized medical rescue team from the hospital; consummated medical rescue plan; equipped with medical materials; established medical profession safety regulation. Results Through 18 days hard working,China's international medical rescue team received 11 243 persons, and treated 11020 patients. Conclusions China is one of the first countries to join the Pakistan flood disaster medical relief mission.