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Objective: To analyze marital outcomes, divorce or separation, and its association with demographic, socioeconomic, and clinicopathological factors among breast cancer (BC) survivors after 2-years of diagnosis. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of marital status at baseline and at years 1 and 2 of follow-up of women aged ≥ 18 years diagnosed with invasive BC participating in the AMAZONA III (GBECAM0115) study. The BC diagnosis occurred between January 2016 and March 2018 at 23 institutions in Brazil. Results: Of the 2974 women enrolled in AMAZONA III, 599 were married or living under common law at baseline. Divorce or separation occurred in 35 (5.8%) patients at 2 years of follow-up. In the multivariate analysis, public health insurance coverage was associated with a higher risk of marital status change (8.25% vs. 2.79%, RR 3.09, 95% CI 1.39 - 7.03, p = 0.007). Women who underwent mastectomy, adenomastectomy or skin-sparing mastectomy were associated with a higher risk of divorce or separation (8.1% vs. 4.49%, RR 1.97, 95 CI 1.04 - 3.72, p = 0.0366) than those who underwent breast-conserving surgery. Conclusion: Women covered by the public health system and those who underwent mastectomy, adenomastectomy or skin-sparing mastectomy were associated with a higher risk of divorce or separation. This evidence further supports the idea that long-term marital stability is associated with a complex interplay between socioeconomic conditions and stressors, such as BC diagnosis and treatment. ClinicalTrials Registration: NCT02663973.

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BACKGROUND: Leisure satisfaction is the degree of positive perception and emotions that an individual acquires as a result of participating in leisure time activities, and it has an important function in maintaining and increasing leisure time participation. Some studies on leisure satisfaction address the comparisons between groups. These studies are based on the premise that the measurement tool used to reveal the between-group differences measures the same feature in subgroups. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we investigated whether the differences between the groups were due to the measurement tool by examining the psychometric properties of the leisure satisfaction scale. METHODS: The study sample comprised 2344 exercising individuals, including 1228 (52.3%) women and 1116 (47.6%) men. The structural invariance of the leisure satisfaction scale, developed by Beard and Ragheb (Journal of Leisure Research 12:20-33, 1980) and adapted into Turkish by Gökçe and Orhan (Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 22:139-145, 2011), was tested through multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis. RESULTS: The results indicated that the structural and metric invariance conditions were fulfilled across gender, marital status, and age in all subscales of the leisure satisfaction scale. Scalar invariance was obtained in educational and social satisfaction subscales across gender and in physical satisfaction subscale across marital status. CONCLUSION: The study provides evidence for the future comparisons according to these three variables, indicating that the differences obtained will result from the real differences between groups rather than the measurement tool properties.

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Abstract Background Leisure satisfaction is the degree of positive perception and emotions that an individual acquires as a result of participating in leisure time activities, and it has an important function in maintaining and increasing leisure time participation. Some studies on leisure satisfaction address the comparisons between groups. These studies are based on the premise that the measurement tool used to reveal the between-group differences measures the same feature in subgroups. Objective In this study, we investigated whether the differences between the groups were due to the measurement tool by examining the psychometric properties of the leisure satisfaction scale. Methods The study sample comprised 2344 exercising individuals, including 1228 (52.3%) women and 1116 (47.6%) men. The structural invariance of the leisure satisfaction scale, developed by Beard and Ragheb (Journal of Leisure Research 12:20-33, 1980) and adapted into Turkish by Gökçe and Orhan (Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 22:139-145, 2011), was tested through multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis. Results The results indicated that the structural and metric invariance conditions were fulfilled across gender, marital status, and age in all subscales of the leisure satisfaction scale. Scalar invariance was obtained in educational and social satisfaction subscales across gender and in physical satisfaction subscale across marital status. Conclusion The study provides evidence for the future comparisons according to these three variables, indicating that the differences obtained will result from the real differences between groups rather than the measurement tool properties.

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Resumen OBJETIVO: Establecer la evolución natural y los efectos, a dos meses, de los hormonales orales combinados indicados a pacientes en edad fértil, con quistes simples de ovario, y su diferencia con un grupo control. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio prospectivo, longitudinal, descriptivo, comparativo y experimental llevado a cabo en el servicio de Ginecoobstetricia del Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde en pacientes atendidas entre abril del 2018 y marzo del 2019 con diagnóstico de quiste simple de ovario. Las pacientes se asignaron al azar a dos grupos de estudio: tratadas con etinil estradiol y drospirenona grupo A y las que solo recibieron placebo grupo B. Los grupos fueron similares en relación con la edad, estado civil, ocupación, embarazos y antecedente de quiste de ovario. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron dos grupos de 40 pacientes cada uno. Al cabo de dos meses de tratamiento el grupo A tuvo regresión en 32 casos y en el grupo B solo hubo regresión en 22 casos, con una diferencia significativa. Ninguno de los quistes mayores de 65 mm remitió. CONCLUSIÓN: La edad más frecuente a la que aparecen los quistes simples de ovario es entre los 20 y 29 años. De la muestra estudiada en 32 de 40 pacientes con tratamiento hubo regresión, no así en los quistes ováricos mayores de 65 mm. Se recomienda la prescripción de anticonceptivos combinados orales en el tratamiento de pacientes con quistes simples de ovario entre 30 y 65 mm con el propósito de incrementar su tasa de regresión y, así, evitar un procedimiento quirúrgico.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To determine the natural evolution and effects, after two months, of combined oral hormonal drugs indicated for patients of childbearing age with simple ovarian cysts and their difference with a control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective, longitudinal, descriptive, comparative and experimental study conducted in the Gynecobstetrics Service of the Civil Hospital of Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde in patients attended between April 2018 and March 2019 with a diagnosis of simple ovarian cyst. Patients were randomized to two study groups: those treated with ethinyl estradiol and drospirenone group A and those who received only placebo group B. The groups were similar with respect to age, marital status, occupation, pregnancies, and history of ovarian cysts. RESULTS: Two groups of 40 patients each were studied. After two months of treatment, regression occurred in 32 cases in group A and in 22 cases in group B, with a significant difference. None of the cysts larger than 65 mm regressed. CONCLUSION: The most common age of onset of simple ovarian cysts is between 20 and 29 years. Of the sample studied, regression was observed in 32 of 40 patients treated, but not in ovarian cysts larger than 65 mm. The prescription of combined oral contraceptives is recommended in the treatment of patients with simple ovarian cysts between 30 and 65 mm to increase their regression rate and thus avoid surgery.

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Abstract Objective To analyze marital outcomes, divorce or separation, and its association with demographic, socioeconomic, and clinicopathological factors among breast cancer (BC) survivors after 2-years of diagnosis. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of marital status at baseline and at years 1 and 2 of follow-up of women aged ≥ 18 years diagnosed with invasive BC participating in the AMAZONA III (GBECAM0115) study. The BC diagnosis occurred between January 2016 and March 2018 at 23 institutions in Brazil. Results Of the 2974 women enrolled in AMAZONA III, 599 were married or living under common law at baseline. Divorce or separation occurred in 35 (5.8%) patients at 2 years of follow-up. In the multivariate analysis, public health insurance coverage was associated with a higher risk of marital status change (8.25% vs. 2.79%, RR 3.09, 95% CI 1.39 - 7.03, p = 0.007). Women who underwent mastectomy, adenomastectomy or skin-sparing mastectomy were associated with a higher risk of divorce or separation (8.1% vs. 4.49%, RR 1.97, 95 CI 1.04 - 3.72, p = 0.0366) than those who underwent breast-conserving surgery. Conclusion Women covered by the public health system and those who underwent mastectomy, adenomastectomy or skin-sparing mastectomy were associated with a higher risk of divorce or separation. This evidence further supports the idea that long-term marital stability is associated with a complex interplay between socioeconomic conditions and stressors, such as BC diagnosis and treatment. ClinicalTrials Registration: NCT02663973.

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This study sought to estimate the prevalence and distribution of newborns to mothers under age 18 in Ecuador and the association between perinatal indicators and maternal marital status. Newborn records obtained from Ecuador's Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos (INEC) between 2015 and 2020 were used to assess the joint association between maternal age groups (10-15, 16-17, 18-19, and 20-24 years) and marital status (married, common-law, and single) with low birthweight, preterm birth, and inadequate prenatal care. The prevalence of newborns to mothers under age 18 was 9.3% overall, but declined over the study period, drastically among married mothers. The association between marital status and perinatal indicators depended on maternal age. The more favorable outcomes observed among married mothers aged 20-24 years (compared to their single counterparts) weaken or disappear among mothers under age 18. Mothers in stable unions exhibited outcomes in between those of married and single mothers.

Este estudio buscó estimar la prevalencia y distribución de nacidos vivos de madres menores de 18 años en Ecuador y la asociación entre indicadores perinatales y estado marital materno. A partir de los registros de nacidos vivos obtenidos del Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos de Ecuador para el período 2015-2020, se estimó la asociación conjunta entre grupos de edad (10-15, 16-17, 18-19 y 20-24 años) y la situación conyugal materna (casada, unión estable y soltera), con bajo peso al nacer, parto pretérmino e inadecuada atención prenatal. La prevalencia de partos de madres menores de 18 años fue del 9,3% y declinó en el periodo de estudio, drásticamente entre las mujeres casadas. La asociación entre estado marital y las variables explicativas dependió de la edad materna. Los resultados más favorables de salud observados entre las madres casadas de 20-24 años, en comparación con las madres solteras, se debilitan o desaparecen entre las menores de edad. Las madres en uniones de hecho experimentaron resultados intermedios entre las mujeres casadas y las solteras.

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The objective of this study was to analyze the association between sociodemographic and occupational variables with the lifestyle of health professionals in pediatric units during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 407 health professionals working in four pediatric health units in the State of Bahia, northeast Brazil. The Fantastic Lifestyle Questionnaire and a questionnaire with sociodemographic and employment variables self-applied via Google Forms were used. The final binary logistic regression models revealed significant associations between those who received 3 to 5 minimum wages, without a marital relationship and with more than one employment relationship. Data suggest that these sociodemographic and occupational profiles are more exposed to risky lifestyle behaviors. The findings of this study demonstrated the need for greater attention to the health of health professionals in the pediatric field, as well as the promotion of initiatives that seek to value the work of these professionals and reduce the damage caused to their lifestyle, especially in a pandemic scenario.

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RESUMEN Este estudio buscó estimar la prevalencia y distribución de nacidos vivos de madres menores de 18 años en Ecuador y la asociación entre indicadores perinatales y estado marital materno. A partir de los registros de nacidos vivos obtenidos del Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos de Ecuador para el período 2015-2020, se estimó la asociación conjunta entre grupos de edad (10-15, 16-17, 18-19 y 20-24 años) y la situación conyugal materna (casada, unión estable y soltera), con bajo peso al nacer, parto pretérmino e inadecuada atención prenatal. La prevalencia de partos de madres menores de 18 años fue del 9,3% y declinó en el periodo de estudio, drásticamente entre las mujeres casadas. La asociación entre estado marital y las variables explicativas dependió de la edad materna. Los resultados más favorables de salud observados entre las madres casadas de 20-24 años, en comparación con las madres solteras, se debilitan o desaparecen entre las menores de edad. Las madres en uniones de hecho experimentaron resultados intermedios entre las mujeres casadas y las solteras.

ABSTRACT This study sought to estimate the prevalence and distribution of newborns to mothers under age 18 in Ecuador and the association between perinatal indicators and maternal marital status. Newborn records obtained from Ecuador's Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos (INEC) between 2015 and 2020 were used to assess the joint association between maternal age groups (10-15, 16-17, 18-19, and 20-24 years) and marital status (married, common-law, and single) with low birthweight, preterm birth, and inadequate prenatal care. The prevalence of newborns to mothers under age 18 was 9.3% overall, but declined over the study period, drastically among married mothers. The association between marital status and perinatal indicators depended on maternal age. The more favorable outcomes observed among married mothers aged 20-24 years (compared to their single counterparts) weaken or disappear among mothers under age 18. Mothers in stable unions exhibited outcomes in between those of married and single mothers.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the family structure on the oral health status of socially vulnerable children in the Federal District of Brazil. A total of 471 schoolchildren with a mean age of 8.12 (± 0.90) years were examined for dental caries using the CAST instrument. Dental biofilm and oral pain were also registered. Children's guardians were interviewed about socioeconomic variables and oral hygiene habits. The association between oral pain in the previous 30 days and the child's maximum CAST score were analyzed using the Pearson chi-squared test. Multivariate Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to determine the predictors of presence of biofilm, oral pain, and caries severity. The prevalence of cavitated dentin lesions was 43.74% and, both dentin and enamel lesions, 52.87%; for both dentitions. An association between pain and severe nontreated carious lesions was found (p < 0.0001). The family structure was not related to the presence of dental caries, but a significant association was found between low maternal education and severe carious lesions (PR = 1.41; p = 0.0077) and oral pain (PR = 1.47; p = 0. 0335); not owning a residence and frequency of toothbrushing were also associated with the substantial presence of biofilm (PR = 1.13, p = 0.0493 and PR = 1.18, p = 0.0470; respectively). For socially vulnerable children, variables related to the socioeconomic status of the families were more relevant than the family structure in relation to their oral health status.

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The risk of mortality in old age is associated with marital status and living arrangements. There is still little knowledge about this in Latin America. Our objectives are to examine the association between marital status, living arrangements and mortality of older adults (>60 years) in Chile, and to test whether this association varies when demographic, socioeconomic and health factors are included. We used data from the Social Protection Survey, and mortality data were linked to the Civil Registry. We estimate a series of Poisson regression models. Our results show a clear association between marriage and longevity, since even controlling for demographic, socioeconomic and health factors, we found that separated or divorced, widowed, and unmarried people showed higher relative mortality compared to married people (IRR1.24, IRR1.33, IRR1.35, respectively). Considering only living arrangements, the results show that living alone, alone with children, with children and other relatives or in other arrangements is associated with higher mortality (IRR1.22, IRR1.27, IRR1.35, IRR1.35, respectively) compared to those living with their partners and children. However, considering marital status and living arrangements together, we find that survival among older adults was strongly associated with marital status. Marital status continues to be a direct measure of living arrangements among older adults in Chile.

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BACKGROUND: Although marriage is associated with favourable reproductive outcomes among adult women, it is not known whether the marriage advantage applies to girls (< 18 years). The contribution of girl child marriage (< 18 years) to perinatal health is understudied in the Americas. METHODS: National singleton birth registrations were used to estimate the prevalence of girl child marriage among mothers in Brazil (2011-2018, N = 23,117,661), Ecuador (2014-2018, N = 1,519,168), the USA (2014-2018, N = 18,618,283) and Canada (2008-2018, N = 3,907,610). The joint associations between marital status and maternal age groups (< 18, 18-19 and 20-24 years) with preterm birth (< 37 weeks), small-for-gestational age (SGA < 10 percentile) and repeat birth were assessed with logistic regression. RESULTS: The proportion of births to < 18-year-old mothers was 9.9% in Ecuador, 8.9% in Brazil, 1.5% in the United States and 0.9% in Canada, and marriage prevalence among < 18-year-old mothers was 3.0%, 4.8%, 3.7% and 1.7%, respectively. In fully-adjusted models, marriage was associated with lower odds of preterm birth and SGA among 20-24-year-old mothers in the four countries. Compared to unmarried 20-24-year-old women, married and unmarried < 18-year-old girls had higher odds of preterm birth in the four countries, and slightly higher odds of SGA in Brazil and Ecuador but not in the USA and Canada. In comparisons within age groups, the odds of repeat birth among < 18-year-old married mothers exceeded that of their unmarried counterparts in Ecuador [AOR: 1.99, 95%CI: 1.82, 2.18], the USA [AOR: 2.96, 95%CI: 2.79, 3.14], and Canada [AOR: 2.17, 95%CI: 1.67, 2.82], although minimally in Brazil [AOR: 1.09, 95%CI: 1.07, 1.11]. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of births to < 18-year-old mothers varies considerably in the Americas. Girl child marriage was differentially associated with perinatal health indicators across countries, suggesting context-specific mechanisms.

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RESUMEN Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico, observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, con la participación de 72 pacientes que tienen problemas con el alcohol pertenecientes al Consultorio Médico de Familia (CMF) No 25 del Reparto Camilo Cienfuegos, perteneciente al área de salud del Policlínico "Bayamo Oeste" del municipio de Bayamo, provincia Granma. En este se recopilaron datos de las historias clínicas de los pacientes y encuestas para la obtención de variables demográficas tales como: edad, sexo; así como las variables sociales: escolaridad, estado civil, vínculo laboral. Se computan los datos por procedimientos estadísticos convencionales y se expresan mediante tablas. Al finalizar el estudio y analizar los resultados se pudo apreciar que la edad comprendida entre 39 y 48 años resultó ser la de mayor incidencia, predominando la afección del sexo masculino y en personas de menor nivel escolar, solteras, desempleadas.

ABSTRACT An epidemiological, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out, with the participation of 72 patients who have problems with alcohol belonging to the Family Medical Office (CMF) No. 25 of the Camilo Cienfuegos Department, belonging to the Polyclinic health area "Bayamo Oeste" in the municipality of Bayamo, Granma province. This collected data from the patient's medical records and surveys to obtain demographic variables such as: age, sex; as well as social variables: schooling, marital status, employment relationship. Data are computed by conventional statistical procedures and expressed by means of tables. At the end of the study and analyzing the results, it was observed that the age between 39 and 48 years turned out to be the one with the highest incidence, prevailing the affection of the male sex and in people of lower school level, single, unemployed.

RESUMO Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico, observacional, descritivo e transversal, com a participação de 72 pacientes com problemas de álcool pertencentes ao Serviço Médico de Família (CMF) nº 25 do Departamento de Camilo Cienfuegos, pertencente à área de saúde policlínica " Bayamo Oeste"no município de Bayamo, província de Granma. Ele coletou dados dos prontuários e pesquisas médicas do paciente para obter variáveis ​​demográficas como: idade, sexo; bem como variáveis ​​sociais: escolaridade, estado civil, vínculo empregatício. Os dados são calculados por procedimentos estatísticos convencionais e expressos por meio de tabelas. Ao final do estudo e analisando os resultados, observou-se que a idade entre 39 e 48 anos foi a de maior incidência, prevalecendo o acometimento do sexo masculino e em pessoas de menor escolaridade, solteiras, desempregadas.

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BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to use data representative of the U.S. population to determine if households (HHs) age, birth country, and marital status, are strong predictors as HHs education for dental sealants, restorations, and caries in children 5 to 19 years of age. METHODS: A cross sectional analysis was performed with oral health data from three waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2005 to 2010). The sample size consisted of children 5 to 19 years of age (n = 9151) and households > 18 years of age (n = 31,034). Dependent variables included the number of children with dental sealants, restorations, and caries. HHs independent variables consisted of gender, age, race, country of birth, HHs education level, marital status, and HHs spouse education. Multivariate regression analysis models were adjusted for HHs citizenship, health insurance, family size, and children age categories. RESULTS: The prevalence of children 5-19 years of age with dental sealants, restorations, and caries was 31.3, 43, and 15.8% respectively. The odds of children having sealants were higher among HHs with a college education or above OR 2.05 [1.54.-2.73] vs. HHs with a < 9th grade, in HHs ages 39-49 (OR 1.78 [1.41-2.24) vs. 18-29 years of age, and in HHs spouses with a college education and above OR 1.71 [1.14-2.56] vs. HHs with a < 9th grade. The odds of having at least one restored tooth were higher in children from HHs born in Mexico 1.74 [1.44-2.10] vs. US born. The highest odds for caries were among children from HHs that were never married 1.91 [1.47-2.48] vs. married HHs. In HHs with a college education the odds for caries in children were 0.31 (0.22-0.43) for college and above, and 0.78 (0.60-1.01) for some college. CONCLUSIONS: The odds of children having dental sealants were higher in HHs with a college education, however, HHs ages 30-49 provided higher odds for sealants than spouses with college education. HHs birth place increased the odds of children with restorations more than HHs education. Children from HHs that never married had higher odds of experiencing dental caries. Recognizing the impact of these HHs characteristics could augment efforts in the prevention of adverse oral health outcomes in U.S. children. Households' age, country of birth, and marital status, stronger predictor variables than education in the prevalence of dental sealants, restorations, and caries among US children 5-19 years of age, NHANES 2005-2010.

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Little is known on factors influencing cognitive decline in rural communities. Using the Atahualpa Project cohort, we aimed to assess whether the marital status or living arrangements influenced cognitive decline in community-dwelling adults living in an Ecuadorian rural village. The study included 629 Atahualpa residents aged ≥40 years who had a follow-up Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) repeated at least one year after baseline. Multivariate longitudinal linear models were fitted to assess differences between the marital status and living arrangements and cognitive decline (as the outcome). A total of 411 participants were married. The remaining 218 were either single, divorced or widowed (191 of them lived with family members and the others lived alone). Enrolled individuals contributed 2088.4 person-years of follow-up (mean: 3.3 ±â€¯1.1 years). The mean baseline MoCA was 22.1 ±â€¯4.5 points and the follow-up MoCA was 20.6 ±â€¯4.8 points (p = 0.001). Overall, 394 (63%) individuals had lower MoCA scores at follow-up. A fully-adjusted longitudinal linear model showed no differences in MoCA decline across married and non-married individuals (ß: -0.15; 95% C.I.: -0.55 - 0.26; p = 0.477). When the subset of non-married individuals was taken into account for analyses, multivariate longitudinal linear models showed no differences in the severity of cognitive decline across individuals living alone versus those living with family members (ß: 0.28; 95% C.I.: -0.68 - 1.24; p = 0.572). In this study, the marital status or living arrangements had no influence on cognitive decline in the follow-up.

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Research on marital status-gender differences in later-life trajectories of cognitive functioning is scarce. Drawing on seven waves of data from the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly, this research uses growth curve models to examine later-life dynamics of cognitive functioning among married and widowed older men and women of Mexican descent (aged 65+; N = 3329). The findings demonstrate that the widowed, regardless of gender, had lower initial levels of cognition but a less steep cognitive decline across waves, compared to married men. Age and socioeconomic resources accounted for these marital status differences in levels and rates of change in cognitive functioning completely among widowed men and partially among widowed women. Moreover, net of all the factors, married women had a slower cognitive decline than married men. This study also shows that health and social integration might shape cognitive functioning among older adults of Mexican descent.

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Little is known about the implications of marital status for the age patterning of depressive symptoms in later life. Drawing on seven waves of data from the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly, this research uses growth curve models to examine age trajectories of depressive symptoms among continuously married and recently and continuously widowed older adults of Mexican descent (aged 65 years and older; N = 1,452). The findings demonstrate that despite having a higher mean level of depressive symptoms, the recently widowed experienced a similar rate of increase in distress with age to that of their married counterparts. Compared with the married, the continuously widowed had a steeper rise in depressive symptoms with age, although they had fewer symptoms at younger ages in later life. Physical health, financial strain, social support, and church attendance might account to a certain extent for marital status differences in depressive symptoms across later life.

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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine if there is an association between marital status (single, married, divorced/separated, and widowed) and inhospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) from Puerto Rico in 2007, 2009, and 2011. METHODS: This study was a secondary data analysis of information retrieved from the Puerto Rican Cardiovascular Surveillance System obtained from the University of Puerto Rico for the residents of Puerto Rico during the study years. The sample included individuals aged 18 or older who presented with an incidental AMI. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association between marital status and in hospital mortality after an AMI. Covariates included age, sex, social history, and comorbidities. RESULTS: Among the study participants, 414 were single, 1,811 were married, 153 were separated/divorced, and 472 were widowed. Widowed status was more common in the elderly population, age groups 75-84 and ≥85, than any other marital status representing 37.9% and 30.7% respectively (p-value < 0.001). The adjusted OR were 0.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.3-1.4), 0.6 (95% CI 0.2-2.0), and 0.9 (95% CI 0.5-1.7) for single, divorced/separated, and widowed patients respectively when compared with married patients. CONCLUSION: No noticeable association was found between marital status and inhospital mortality in patients with incidental AMI in Puerto Rico during the years of 2007, 2009, and 2011. Further research may be required to investigate mortality rates during the time period following hospital discharge.

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BACKGROUND: Pregnancy is an important predisposition period to develop anxiety and depression, with a direct impact on the woman's offspring. The aim of this study was to report the correlation between depression and anxiety in pregnant women and its association with the marital status and age. MATERIALS: A  descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient care of the Psychology Service at the "Mónica Pretelini Sáenz" Maternal Perinatal Hospital (HMPMPS), Toluca, Mexico, from June 2012 to March 2019. As routine, the  Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and the  Beck Anxiety Inventory-Trait (BAIT), were applied to all women seeking attention at the  HMPMPS. Only pregnant patients were selected for this study, with the women referred for the first time to the external Psychology Clinic as inclusion criteria. Pearson's correlation coefficient and the frequency of cases for age, BDI-II, and BAIT were obtained using the IBM SPSS Statistics ® v.23 software. RESULTS: The  study included 2947 pregnant patients with a mean age of 28.6 ± 6.9 years. Of these, 2616 (88.8%) presented with mild anxiety, 269 (9.1%) with moderate, and 62 (2.1%) with severe anxiety. On the other hand, 2149 (72.9%) patients presented with minimal depression, 341 (11.6%) mild depression, 268 (9.1%) moderate depression, and 189 (6.4%) had severe depression. The correlations between age and BDI-II was -0.026 (P = 0.152), between age and BAI was -0.038 (P = 0.037), and between BAIT and BDI-II 0.650 (P ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The age group with the highest frequency of depression and anxiety was from 20 to 29 years. The absence of a stable partner represented an important risk factor for anxiety and depression during pregnancy.

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Resumen Se realizó un estudio exploratorio a 600 adultos del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, vinculado con la infidelidad, tipificando la población por medio de una taxonomía de respuestas emocionales con un cuestionario online. Según estudios anteriores, y por el contrario que las mujeres, los hombres mostrarían reacciones celosas de tipo sexual y no emocional, ya que la infidelidad femenina podría conducir a la posibilidad de que tuvieran que mantener descendientes que no fueran genéticamente suyos. Las conductas se organizaron de acuerdo con la Perceptions of Dating Infidelity Scale, distinguiendo tres clases de respuestas: ambiguas, explícitas y las engañosas. Utilizando Chi cuadrado, se discuten las diferencias respecto a estas variables: la edad, el estado civil, el género, nivel educativo y creencias religiosas.

Abstract An exploratory study was conducted on 600 adults from the Metropolitan Area of ​​Buenos Aires regarded infidelity, typifying the population through a taxonomy of emotional responses with an online questionnaire. According to previous research, and opposite to women, men would show sexual and non-emotional jealousies responses, since female infidelity could lead to the possibility of having offspring that were not genetically theirs. Behaviors were organized according to the Perceptions of Dating Infidelity Scale, distinguishing three kinds of responses: ambiguous, explicit and misleading ones. Using Chi square, we discuss the differences regarding these variables: age, marital status, gender, educational level and religious practices.

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência da situação conjugal no suporte social percebido por pessoas infectadas pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). MÉTODO: Estudo de delineamento transversal, realizado com 179 participantes. Para coleta de dados, utilizou-se a Escala de Suporte Social para pessoas infectadas pelo HIV. Como variável dependente, o suporte social percebido, e como variáveis independentes, as características sociais, demográficas e clínicas. Realizada análise descritiva das variáveis, Teste de Jonckheere-Terpstra e regressão logística. RESULTADOS: Conviver com esposo(a) ou companheiro(a) é fator de proteção quando comparado a ser solteiro(a) ou separado(a), divorciado(a) ou viúvo(a), de forma que a chance de proteção é de 8,84 vezes (IC: 3,43 – 14,25) para o suporte social geral, 5,54 vezes (IC: 2,54 – 8,54) para suporte social emocional, e 4,31 vezes (IC: 0,97 - 7,65) para suporte social instrumental. CONCLUSÃO: Ter companheiro(a) é fator de proteção para manutenção do suporte social. Essa avaliação contribui para identificar dificuldades na adesão ao tratamento antirretroviral e elaborar estratégias de enfrentamento da doença e manutenção de comportamentos favoráveis à adesão.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of the conjugal situation on the social support perceived by people infected by the human immunodeficiency virus. METHOD: A cross-sectional study with 179 participants. To collect data, the Social Support Scale was used for people infected with HIV. As a dependent variable, perceived social support, and as independent variables, social, demographic and clinical characteristics. Descriptive analysis of the variables, Jonckheere-Terpstra test and logistic regression. RESULTS: Living with a spouse or partner is a protective factor when compared to being single or separated, divorced or widowed, so the chance of protection is 8, 84 times (CI: 3.43 - 14.25) for general social support, 5.54 (CI: 2.54 - 8.54) times higher for social emotional support, and 4.31 (CI: 0, 97 - 7.65) times greater for social instrumental support. CONCLUSION: Having a partner is a protective factor for maintaining social support. This evaluation contributes to identify difficulties in adherence to antiretroviral treatment and to develop coping strategies and maintenance of adherence behaviors.

OBJETIVO Evaluar la influencia del estado civil en el apoyo social percibido por personas infectadas por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). MÉTODO: Estudio transversal, realizado con 179 participantes. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó la Escala de Soporte Social para las personas infectadas por el VIH. Como variable dependiente, el suporte social percibido y como variables independientes, las características sociodemográficas y clínicas. Realizado análisis descriptivo de las variables, prueba de Jonckheere-Terpstra y regresión logística. RESULTADOS: Convivir con su cónyuge o pareja es un factor protector en comparación con ser soltero(a) o separado(a), divorciado(a) o viudo(a), por lo que la probabilidad de protección es de 8,84 (IC: 3.43 a 14.25 veces) por el apoyo social general, 5.54 (IC: 2.54 a 8.54) veces para el apoyo social y emocional, y 4.31 (IC: 0.97 a 7.65) veces para el apoyo social instrumental. CONCLUSIONES: Tener pareja es factor de protección para mantenimiento del suporte social. Esa evaluación contribuye para identificar dificultades en la adhesión al tratamiento antirretroviral y elaborar estrategias de enfrentamiento de la enfermedad e mantenimiento de comportamientos favorables a la adhesión.

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