RESUMEN
Head neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors which ranks the sixth incidence in the world. Although treatments for HNSCC have improved significantly in recent years, its recurrence rate and mortality rate remain high. Myosin genes have been studied in a variety of tumors, however its role in HNSCC has not been elucidated. GSE58911 and GSE30784 gene expression profile analysis were performed to detect significantly dys-regulated myosin genes in HNSCC. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) HNSCC database was used to verify the dys-regulated myosin genes and study the relationship between these genes and prognosis in HNSCC. The results showed that MYL1, MYL2, MYL3, MYH2, and MYH7 were down-regulated, while MYH10 was up-regulated in patients with HNSCC. Interestingly, MYL1, MYL2, MYH1, MYH2, and MYH7 were shown to be unfavorable prognostic markers in HNSCC. It is also worth noting that MYL1 was a specific unfavorable prognostic biomarker in HNSCC. MYL1, MYL2, MYL3, MYH2, MYH7, and MYH10 promoted CD4 + T cells activation in HNSCC. MYL1 was proved to be down-regulated in HNSCC tissues compared to normal tissues at protein levels. MYL1 overexpression had no effect on proliferation, but significantly promoted migration of Fadu cells. MYL1 increased EGF and EGFR protein expression levels. Moreover, there is a positive correlation between MYL1 expression and Tcm CD8 cells, Tcm CD4 + cells, NK cells, Mast cells, NKT cells, Tfh cells and Treg cells in HNSCC. Overall, MYL1 facilitates tumor metastasis and correlates with tumor immune infiltration in HNSCC and these effects may be associated with the EGF/EGFR pathway.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello , Neoplasias Primarias Secundarias , Humanos , Biomarcadores , Factor de Crecimiento Epidérmico , Receptores ErbB , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/genética , Pronóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/genéticaRESUMEN
The complete cDNA sequence of the sheep MYL1 (Myosin light chain 1) gene was cloned using RT-PCR, 5' RACE and 3' RACE. We obtained two alternatively spliced isoforms of the MYL1 gene, MYL1a and MYL1b, which are 849 and 1046bp in length and encode proteins composed of 150 and 192 amino acid residues, respectively. And the GenBank accession numbers of MYL1a and MYL1b full-length cDNA sequences that we cloned are KJ700419 and KJ710701, respectively. Neither protein was predicted to have a signal peptide, but both were predicted to have several N-glycosylation and phosphorylation sites. More than half of the secondary structure of these proteins was predicted to be α-helical. The human MYL2 protein (1m8q.1.C) is the most similar in tertiary structure. Sequence alignment showed that the sheep MYL1a protein shares more than 92% amino acid sequence similar with Mus musculus, Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus, Sus scrofa and Gallus gallus and that the MYL1b protein shares more than 93% amino acid sequence similar with M. musculus, H. sapiens, R. norvegicus, Bos taurus and Oryctolagus cuniculus. Transcription profile analyses of various tissues indicated that the sheep MYL1a and MYL1b mRNAs were highly but differentially expressed in the longissimus dorsi. Moreover, the expression levels of these genes in the longissimus dorsi differed between Dorper and Small-tailed Han sheep. These results serve as a foundation for further investigations of the function of the sheep MYL1 gene.
Asunto(s)
Empalme Alternativo/genética , Cadenas Ligeras de Miosina/genética , ARN Mensajero/genética , Oveja Doméstica/genética , Animales , Clonación Molecular , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Mamíferos/genética , Alineación de Secuencia , Homología de SecuenciaRESUMEN
Chromosomal microarray analysis is now commonly used in clinical practice to identify copy number variants (CNVs) in the human genome. We report our experience with the use of the 105 K and 180K oligonucleotide microarrays in 215 consecutive patients referred with either autism or autism spectrum disorders (ASD) or developmental delay/learning disability for genetic services at the University of Kansas Medical Center during the past 4 years (2009-2012). Of the 215 patients [140 males and 75 females (male/female ratio=1.87); 65 with ASD and 150 with learning disability], abnormal microarray results were seen in 45 individuals (21%) with a total of 49 CNVs. Of these findings, 32 represented a known diagnostic CNV contributing to the clinical presentation and 17 represented non-diagnostic CNVs (variants of unknown significance). Thirteen patients with ASD had a total of 14 CNVs, 6 CNVs recognized as diagnostic and 8 as non-diagnostic. The most common chromosome involved in the ASD group was chromosome 15. For those with a learning disability, 32 patients had a total of 35 CNVs. Twenty-six of the 35 CNVs were classified as a known diagnostic CNV, usually a deletion (n=20). Nine CNVs were classified as an unknown non-diagnostic CNV, usually a duplication (n=8). For the learning disability subgroup, chromosomes 2 and 22 were most involved. Thirteen out of 65 patients (20%) with ASD had a CNV compared with 32 out of 150 patients (21%) with a learning disability. The frequency of chromosomal microarray abnormalities compared by subject group or gender was not statistically different. A higher percentage of individuals with a learning disability had clinical findings of seizures, dysmorphic features and microcephaly, but not statistically significant. While both groups contained more males than females, a significantly higher percentage of males were present in the ASD group.