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BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients suffer from cognitive dysfunction. This study assessed the structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scoring among Alzheimer's patients (age ≥18 years) to correlate with dementia severity according to mini-mental state exam (MMSE) scores. METHODS: This cross-sectional study evaluated Bangladeshi adult AD patients from January 2018 to December 2022 who attended with subjective memory complaints and fulfilled the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders criteria (DSM 5) for diagnosing dementia. The medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) and Koedam's score of the atrophy were measured utilising the 1.5 and 3 Tesla Magnetom symphony MRI systems. RESULTS: Of the 62 patients enrolled, the majority (39 cases; 62.9%) were aged over 60 years. Males were more predominant than females, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.6:1, and the moderate MMSE group consisted of 35.6% males and 64.7% females (P = 0.01). Further, MTA score severity is paradoxically associated with the MMSE score (P = 0.005). Additionally, we found a statistically significant negative correlation between the severity of the MMSE and only MTA scores (r = -0.350; 95% CI -0.551 to -0.110; P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Structural magnetic resonance imaging among Alzheimer's patients is significantly correlated with the severity of dementia as per mini-mental state exam scores.
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A 32-year-old male patient presented with a chief complaint of ongoing endodontic treatment and swelling in the hard palate, specifically in the rugae region. On examination, a soft, non-tender, non-fluctuant swelling was observed between teeth #11 and #12, accompanied by radiographic evidence of periapical radiolucency and perforation. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans confirmed a well-defined radiolucency in the affected region, indicative of a radicular cyst. Root canal treatment was completed with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) obturation during the second visit. An apicoectomy was performed to remove the cystic content, followed by the placement of bone graft material, a platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membrane, and sutures to facilitate bone regeneration. This comprehensive approach aimed to resolve the periapical pathology and promote tissue healing around the affected tooth.
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The relationship between metastasis-associated protein 2 (MTA2) overexpression and tumor growth and metastasis has been extensively studied in a variety of tumor cells but not in human osteosarcoma cells. This study aims to elucidate the clinical significance, underlying molecular mechanisms, and biological functions of MTA2 in human osteosarcoma in vitro and in vivo. Our results show that MTA2 was elevated in osteosarcoma cell lines and osteosarcoma tissues and was associated with tumor stage and overall survival of osteosarcoma patients. Knockdown of MTA2 inhibited osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion by reducing the expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). Bioinformatic analysis demonstrated that high levels of uPA in human osteosarcoma tissues correlated positively with MTA2 expression. Furthermore, treatment with recombinant human uPA (Rh-uPA) caused significant restoration of OS cell migration and invasion in MTA2 knockdown osteosarcoma cells. We found that ERK1/2 depletion increased the expression of uPA, facilitating osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion. Finally, MTA2 depletion significantly reduced tumor metastasis and the formation of lung nodules in vivo. Overall, our study suggests that MTA2 knockdown suppresses osteosarcoma cell metastasis by decreasing uPA expression via ERK signaling. This finding provides new insight into potential treatment strategies against osteosarcoma metastasis by targeting MTA2.
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BACKGROUND: Apexification is a procedure that promotes apical closure by forming mineralized tissue in the apex region of a nonvital young permanent tooth. Calcium silicate-based cement like Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine are commonly employed as apical barriers to facilitate this process. Microleakage, defined as the leakage along the junction between the canal wall and filling material, is a crucial aspect to assess in MTA and Biodentine applications as apical barriers, as it directly impacts the prevention of bacterial seepage and maintenance of structural integrity. The current study aims to assess the microleakage of MTA and Biodentine when used as apical barriers in simulated young permanent teeth. METHODS: From a total of 128 extracted teeth, 114 were selected for the study and randomly allocated into three groups: G1 (MTA), G2 (Biodentine), and G3 (Control), with 38 teeth per group. After excluding 5 teeth from each group due to issues such as canal calcification, breakage during sectioning, and procedural errors, 33 teeth were analyzed to ensure equal distribution. To simulate young permanent teeth, samples were instrumented using a person-reamer with a diameter of 1.7 mm. A 4 mm thick apical plug of MTA and Biodentine was placed in G1 and G2, respectively, while G3 was the control group. Apical microleakage in all experimental groups was assessed using a dye penetration method. Specimens were longitudinally sectioned and examined under a stereomicroscope with graded eyepiece. RESULTS: The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed variations in mean apical microleakage among the groups: G1 recorded 0.67, G2-0.16, and G3-1.62, with G2 showing the lowest value and G3 group exhibiting the highest. CONCLUSIONS: Biodentine was found to excel in its ability to create a secure seal and function effectively as an apical barrier in simulated young permanent teeth. These results underscore its potential as a highly efficient material for dental applications, particularly in scenarios requiring reliable sealing and barrier formation in the root canal system of developing permanent teeth.
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Compuestos de Aluminio , Compuestos de Calcio , Filtración Dental , Combinación de Medicamentos , Óxidos , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular , Silicatos , Silicatos/química , Compuestos de Calcio/química , Compuestos de Aluminio/química , Humanos , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/química , Ápice del Diente , Apexificación/métodos , Dentición Permanente , Técnicas In VitroRESUMEN
The dental pulp, essential for tooth vitality, often becomes inflamed when exposed due to caries, fractures, or dislodged restorations. Untreated inflammation can lead to pulpal death, necessitating vital pulp therapies (VPTs) such as pulp capping and pulpotomy. Recent trends favor partial caries removal to avoid overtreatment and preserve pulp health. This shift is illustrated through two cases of young female patients with dislodged restorations and deep caries. Both underwent direct pulp capping using platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), followed by composite restorations. These cases underscore the importance of biocompatible materials like MTA and PRF in maintaining pulp vitality and promoting dental tissue repair.
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The present study evaluated the cytocompatibility of three endodontic bioceramics in human periodontal-ligament-derived cells (hPDLCs): MTA Repair HP (HP), MTA Flow White (F), and Nishika Canal Sealer BG multi (BG). In addition, we also evaluated the effect of the powder-liquid (paste) ratio of F and BG on cytocompatibility. Discs of endodontic bioceramics (diameter = 8 mm, thickness = 1 mm) were prepared with HP, F, and BG. hPDLCs obtained from extracted teeth and cultured for three to five passages were used in the experiment. The prepared discs were placed at the bottom of a 48-well plate, seeded with hPDLCs at 100,000 cells/well, cultured for 7 or 28 days, and subjected to a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. hPDLCs cultured without any discs were used as a negative control (NC) group. Discs made of F or BG mixed in three different consistencies were also used in this experiment. The absorbance values at days 7 and 28 were high in the order of HP > NC > BG > F. Furthermore, F or BG with higher consistency showed higher absorbance values. MTA Repair HP had the highest cytocompatibility among the three materials. Furthermore, it also showed that higher consistency improved cytocompatibility.
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Artesunate (ART) is a derivative of artemisinin and has anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-angiogenic properties. Although ART has been implicated in osteoarthritis (OA), the mechanism needs to be further dissected. Here, we explored the effects of ART on the development of OA and the underlying mechanism using destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgical instability model. Mice with OA were developed using DMM and treated with ART. The pathological morphology of knee joint tissues was examined, and the degeneration of joint cartilage was assessed. Mouse knee chondrocytes were isolated and induced with IL-1ß, followed by ART treatment. ART alleviates OA in mice by elevating ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 7 (USP7) expression, and USP7 inhibitor (P22077) treatment mitigated the protective effects of ART on chondrocytes. We also showed that USP7 mediated the deubiquitination of forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1), while FoxO1 alleviated chondrocyte injury. In addition, FoxO1 promoted metastasis-associated protein MTA1 (MTA1) transcription, and downregulation of MTA1 exacerbated chondrocyte injury. Our study identifies that USP7/FoxO1/MTA1 is a key signaling cascade in the treatment of ART on OA.
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Artesunato , Condrocitos , Proteína Forkhead Box O1 , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Osteoartritis , Peptidasa Específica de Ubiquitina 7 , Animales , Artesunato/farmacología , Artesunato/uso terapéutico , Proteína Forkhead Box O1/metabolismo , Proteína Forkhead Box O1/genética , Peptidasa Específica de Ubiquitina 7/metabolismo , Peptidasa Específica de Ubiquitina 7/genética , Ratones , Masculino , Osteoartritis/tratamiento farmacológico , Osteoartritis/metabolismo , Osteoartritis/patología , Condrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Condrocitos/metabolismo , Condrocitos/patología , Transactivadores/metabolismo , Transactivadores/genética , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Represoras/genética , Proteínas Represoras/metabolismo , Transcripción Genética/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Aging is an inevitable law of the process of life during which many physiological functions change. Brain aging is an important mechanism in the occurrence and development of degenerative diseases of the central nervous system. ß-Hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) is a water-soluble, endogenous small-molecule ketone that can cross the blood-brain barrier and induce neuroprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of BHBA on D-galactose (D-gal) induced aging in mice and its underlying mechanisms using in vitro and in vivo experiments. These results indicated that D-gal-induced senescence, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses were inhibited by BHBA, and autophagy was promoted by BHBA. Mechanistically, we explored the role of metastasis-associated antigen-1 (MTA1) in D-gal-induced damaged in HT22 cells using small interfering RNA (siRNA). The results demonstrated that the expression of MTA1 was significantly increased by BHBA, which attenuated D-gal-induced aging, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses, and promoted autophagy through the upregulation of MTA1. In conclusion, MTA1 may be a novel target for treating aging caused by neurological damage. BHBA improves brain aging by activating the MTA1 pathway.
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Introduction Microorganisms play an important role in causing inflammation in the pulp and periapical regions. Even after undergoing chemo-mechanical procedures during root canal treatment, bacteria may persist within dentinal tubules, posing a risk of disease recurrence. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), introduced as a dental material, has been investigated as a potential antibacterial agent since its early use. Calcium and phosphorus are the primary ions in MTA, and their antibacterial characteristics are attributed to the release of calcium hydroxide through surface hydrolysis of calcium silicate components. Previous studies have shown that MTA has limited antimicrobial properties. Several alterations have been made to enhance the biological properties of MTA, such as incorporating nanoparticles made from silver, zinc, gold, and titanium. Therefore, in this study, titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) was added to MTA in an effort to enhance its antimicrobial properties. Aim To compare and evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of MTA after the incorporation of TiF4. Materials and methods A total of 56 samples were made by mixing MTA with different weight proportions of TiF4 (1 wt%, 2 wt%, and 3 wt%). Out of these, 28 samples were taken to test each of the following properties: antibacterial efficacy and pH. The specimens were prepared using stainless steel molds of recommended dimensions for testing the pH. The pH was evaluated using a pH meter, and the antibacterial efficacy was assessed using the direct contact test. Data regarding the antibacterial efficacy and pH of MTA with various proportions of TiF4 were investigated for normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and assessed for normal distribution. The antibacterial properties among the four groups were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by pairwise multiple comparisons using Tukey's Honest Significant Difference test. The level of statistical significance was determined at p ≤ 0.05. MTA, when incorporated with TiF4, showed enhanced antibacterial properties. Results On day 1, the group treated with MTA containing 3% TiF4 demonstrated the strongest antibacterial effectiveness, with a mean of 4.67 ± 0.04 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL × 10^8. However, the group treated with plain MTA had the lowest mean values, at 5.67 ± 0.25 CFU/mL × 10^8. On day 1, the MTA group with 3% TiF4 also had the highest mean pH values (11.90 ± 0.05), while the plain MTA group had the lowest mean pH values (11.64 ± 0.78). On day 7, the MTA group with 3% TiF4 had the highest pH value (12.85 ± 0.08), whereas the plain MTA group had the lowest pH value (11.92 ± 0.09). Conclusion The inclusion of TiF4 resulted in an augmentation of the antibacterial efficacy of MTA against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). Hence, the integration of TiF4 into MTA can be considered a promising development against E. faecalis during endodontic procedures.
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Introduction The primary goal of endodontic therapy is to achieve a three-dimensional filling of the root canal. The sealer plays a crucial role in filling the residual gaps between the gutta-percha and the canal wall, which prevents fluids and bacteria from entering the canal and causing complications. This study evaluates and compares the sealing ability of four root canal sealers to the root dentin. Methods and materials In this study, forty single-rooted mandibular premolar teeth with fully-formed apices were collected. The teeth were decoronated and instrumented. Later, the teeth were randomly divided into four groups, each comprising ten specimens, based on the sealer used for obturation. The first group was obturated with BioRoot RCS (Septodont, Septodont Holding, Paris, France), the second group with MTA-Fillapex (Angelus, Angelus Indústria de Produtos Odontológicos S/A, Brazil), the third group with EpoxySeal (Safe Endo, SafeEndo Dental India Pvt. Ltd., Gujarat, India), and the fourth group with Sealapex (Kerr, Kerr Corporation, Brea, CA). Following obturation, the teeth were sectioned vertically using a diamond disc, and the marginal adaptation of these sealers to the root dentin was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The values were then statistically analyzed. Results EpoxySeal showed the maximum amount of marginal adaptation (5.22±0.47), followed by BioRoot RCS (5.48±0.58) and MTA-Fillapex (8.24±0.74), and the least amount of marginal adaptation was shown by Sealapex (11.64±1.35). Based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA), a statistically significant difference (p≤0.001) was observed. According to Tukey's post hoc test, the mean difference between all groups showed statistical significance (p≤0.05) except between BioRoot RCS and EpoxySeal. Conclusion Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it is concluded that EpoxySeal and BioRoot RCS exhibited superior marginal adaptation to the root dentin. BioRoot RCS can be recommended as a sealer of choice owing to its additional properties, such as antimicrobial and hydrophilic affinity during setting.
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BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are critical enzymes involved in the remodeling and defense mechanisms of dental pulp tissue. While their role in permanent teeth has been extensively studied, research focusing on MMPs in primary teeth remains limited. This gap highlights the need for further investigations to understand the specific contributions of MMPs to pulpal defense in primary teeth. Moreover, the clinical efficacy of Biodentine as a pulpotomy material in primary teeth warrants further exploration through well-designed studies to establish its success and long-term outcomes in pediatric dentistry. AIM: This study aims to compare the expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-8, and MMP-9 in cases of reversible and irreversible pulpitis. Additionally, it seeks to evaluate the clinical success of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine when used as pulpotomy agents in primary molars. By analyzing the differential expression of these MMPs, the study will contribute to a better understanding of their role in pulpal inflammation and the potential therapeutic outcomes of MTA and Biodentine in primary molars. DESIGN: In this parallel randomized controlled trial, 63 mandibular primary second molars were assigned to two main groups: Group 1, consisting of 42 teeth diagnosed with reversible pulpitis, and Group 2, consisting of 21 teeth diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis. Group 1 was further divided into two randomized subgroups, each containing 21 teeth. The expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-8, and MMP-9 were evaluated in all samples. Pulpotomy treatments were performed using MTA and Biodentine in Group 1. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were conducted over an 18-month follow-up period. Statistical analyses were carried out using The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, t-test and Fisher's exact test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The study revealed that MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression levels were significantly elevated in specimens with irreversible pulpitis (p = 0.01), indicating a potential correlation between these matrix metalloproteinases and the severity of pulpal inflammation. However, no significant difference was observed in the clinical success rates of pulpotomies performed with MTA and Biodentine, suggesting that both materials are equally effective in the treatment of primary molars with reversible pulpitis. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in pulpal blood presents a promising biomarker for assessing the degree of pulpal inflammation in primary teeth, offering a potentially valuable diagnostic tool. Additionally, the clinical success of Biodentine in pulpotomy procedures supports its viability as an effective alternative to MTA, providing a reliable option. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ID: The study protocol has been registered with an ID: NCT05145686. Registration Date: 9th November 2021.
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Compuestos de Aluminio , Compuestos de Calcio , Combinación de Medicamentos , Diente Molar , Óxidos , Pulpitis , Pulpotomía , Silicatos , Diente Primario , Humanos , Silicatos/uso terapéutico , Compuestos de Calcio/uso terapéutico , Pulpotomía/métodos , Compuestos de Aluminio/uso terapéutico , Óxidos/uso terapéutico , Niño , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinasa 2 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Metaloproteinasas de la Matriz/metabolismo , Preescolar , Cementos Dentales/uso terapéutico , Metaloproteinasa 8 de la Matriz/metabolismoRESUMEN
This paper aims to evaluate the outcomes of a partial pulpotomy with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in a maxillary first premolar with reversible pulpitis symptoms and signs. An intraoral periapical radiograph revealed a deep pulp-involving carious lesion without any indications of a periapical lesion, no history of night pain, and no tooth tenderness when percussion was applied. Caries removal is done using a round bur, 2-3 mm of inflamed pulp from the crown portion was removed, and bleeding was controlled within four minutes using 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, over which MTA was placed. After the setting of MTA, resin-modified glass ionomer cement was placed over it, and the tooth was restored using composite. The patient was asymptomatic in six months and one-year follow-up with no periapical changes and showed dentin bridge formation. Careful case selection, a precise selection of biomimetic material, and long-term follow-up validate the success of the treatment.
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Objective: This study evaluated the sealing ability of different biomaterials as intra-orifice barriers in the internal bleaching of discolored teeth with the walking bleaching technique. The release of hydroxyl ions from the bleaching materials can cause cervical root resorption, making it necessary to use intra-orifice barrier materials to prevent this issue. Materials and methods: In the current study, the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used to measure the released hydroxyl ions. The study included 90 single-rooted and single-canal premolars, which were divided into four groups based on the intra-orifice barrier materials used (mineral trioxide aggregate [MTA], calcium-enriched mixture [CEM], Biodentine, and MTA+PG) and the type of bleaching material (sodium perborate + water or sodium perborate + hydrogen peroxide 30%). Two control groups were also considered in this study: a positive control group, where sodium perborate and hydrogen peroxide were placed inside the pulp chamber without any intra-orifice barriers; and a negative control group, where no bleaching agent or surgical obstruction was used, and the root surface was covered with wax up to the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) level. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in the concentration of hydroxyl ions released among the studied groups. The amount of hydroxyl ion released was highest in the positive control group and lowest in the CEM group. Among the intra-orifice barrier materials used, CEM cement was found to be the most appropriate material for use in the step-by-step internal bleaching method. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of using appropriate intra-orifice barrier materials to prevent root cervical resorption in internal bleaching procedures.
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Background/purpose: The retrograde filling material, particularly mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) employed in apicoectomy, should possess high antibacterial efficacy and osteogenic potential. We evaluated the antibacterial efficacy, biocompatibility, and osteogenic potential following the addition of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and calcium fluoride (CaF2) in retrograde filling material of MTA. Materials and methods: MTA was mixed with four different solvents. Group 1 (G1): distilled water, Group 2 (G2): 50 ppm AgNPs, Group 3 (G3): 1 wt% CaF2, and Group 4 (G4): 50 ppm AgNPs and 1 wt% CaF2. The pH variation of each group was monitored, while the surface roughness was measured. The antibacterial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and the viability of murine pre-osteoblast (MC3T3) were evaluated for each group using colorimetric assays. The gene expression levels of osteogenic potential marker (OCN, ALPL, and RUNX2) in MC3T3 cells for each group were quantified using real-time-qPCR. Statistical analysis was performed at α = 0.05 level of significance. Results: When comparing the levels of antibacterial efficacy, the order of effectiveness was G4>G2>G3>G1 (P < 0.05). In the cell viability test, owing to MTA-eluted growth medium having a positive effect on MC3T3 cell proliferation, G1-4 exhibited a statistically increased cell viability compared to the control (P < 0.05). However, G2-4 did not result in a statistically significant difference when compared to G1 (P < 0.05). Moreover, G4 exhibited the highest gene expression among the four groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The addition of AgNPs and CaF2 to MTA could be a promising option for use as a new retrograde filling material.
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In endodontic and restorative procedures, an accidental perforation of the pulp chamber floor or roots presents a considerable risk, potentially leading to persistent inflammatory responses and ultimately tooth loss. Accidental root canal perforations are primary complications encountered by clinicians, requiring either surgical or non-surgical intervention, depending on the severity of the perforation. Over the years, various materials have been utilized for the treatment of such complications, but mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) stands out prominently due to its exceptional biocompatibility, remarkable sealing capacity, and potent antibacterial properties. The unique ability of MTA to set in the presence of moisture facilitates the formation of a robust seal, thereby making it highly effective in managing root perforations and fostering tissue regeneration within the affected area. Its versatility and effectiveness have made MTA a cornerstone material in modern endodontic therapy, offering clinicians a reliable solution for enhancing the long-term prognosis of teeth affected by perforations.
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AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the removal efficiency of PRMTA and ECMPremixed applied to the coronal third according to the RET by UI and to examine the effect of different solutions on material removal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 40 permanent upper central teeth were used to simulate immature teeth. The samples were irrigated with 1.5% NaOCl and calcium hydroxide was placed. Samples were incubated in PBS. Then irrigation was done with 17% EDTA, the samples were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 20):Group 1: PRMTA, Group 2: ECM Premixed. The materials were placed in the samples. Then the samples were scanned with micro-CT. Materials were removed by UI. Micro-CT scan of the samples was performed. Each material group was divided into 2 subgroups (n = 10): Group1 was MTAD, group2 was irrigated with 10% CA; then micro-CT was performed. Obtained images were positioned in DataViewer and analyzed with CTAn. The obtained data were statistically analyzed in IBM SPSS 25. The significance level was determined as 5%. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the initial volumes of the materials (p > 0.05). The amount of the remaining material after UI was significantly higher in the PRMTA (0.7471%) group compared to the ECM Premixed (0.0093%). There was no significant difference in terms of remaining material after irrigation with MTAD and CA in both groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: A great deal of the materials were removed by UI under the operation microscope. ECM Premixed was removed more effectively compared to the PRMTA. And, acidic solutions did not provide any additional benefit in material removal.
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Microtomografía por Rayos X , Microtomografía por Rayos X/métodos , Humanos , Hidróxido de Calcio/uso terapéutico , Irrigantes del Conducto Radicular/uso terapéutico , Cementos Dentales , Técnicas In Vitro , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular , Hipoclorito de Sodio/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
This study compared the microshear bond strength (µSBS) of four calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs), TheraCal PT (TPT), TheraCal LC (TLC), Biodentine (BD), and Dia-Root Bio MTA (DR), with a short fiber-reinforced composite resin (SFRC). Forty cylindrical acrylic blocks were used, each with a center hole (diameter 5 mm, depth 2 mm). CSCs were placed in the holes (n = 10/group), and the blocks were incubated for 48 h. G-Premio BOND, a self-etching adhesive, was applied to the CSCs surfaces using a micro-applicator for 10 s and then air-dried for 5 s, followed by light curing for 20 s. SFRC materials placed in cylindrical polyethylene capsules (diameter 2 mm, height 2 mm) were polymerized for 20 s and placed over the CSCs. The samples were then incubated at 37°C and 100% humidity for 24 h, and their µSBSs were tested using an "Instron Universal Testing Machine." Data were statistically analyzed using chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Statistically significant differences were observed between the tested CSCs. The µSBS of TPT (45.17 ± 4.56 MPa) was significantly higher (p < .05) than that of the other materials: BD, TLC, and DR had µSBSs of 29.18 ± 2.86 MPa (p < .05), 23.86 ± 2.84 MPa (p > .05), and 18.08 ± 2.69 MPa (p < .05), respectively. Considering the importance of bond strength for CSC sealing with restorative material, using SFRC over CSC was promising for improving the µSBS, adhesion, and sealing of the material. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Adhesion is critical to the success of vital pulp restorations. To achieve strong adhesion, the bioceramic material and the resin composite to which it is bonded are very important. In our study, short fiber-reinforced composite resin, which is gaining popularity, was used and found to be a promising material for improved adhesion.
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N6-methyladenosine (m6A), a well-characterized RNA modification, is involved in regulating multiple biological processes; however, genome-wide identification and functional characterization of the m6A modification in legume plants, including soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), remains lacking. In this study, we utilized bioinformatics tools to perform comprehensive analyses of molecular writer candidates associated with the RNA m6A modification in soybean, characterizing their conserved domains, motifs, gene structures, promoters, and spatial expression patterns. Thirteen m6A writer complex genes in soybean were identified, which were assigned to four families: MT-A70, WTAP, VIR, and HAKAI. It also can be identified that multiple cis elements in the promoters of these genes, which were classified into five distinct groups, including elements responsive to light, phytohormone regulation, environmental stress, development, and others, suggesting that these genes may modulate various cellular and physiological processes in plants. Importantly, the enzymatic activities of two identified m6A writers, GmMTA1 and GmMTA2, were confirmed in vitro. Furthermore, we analyzed the expression patterns of the GmMTAs and GmMTBs under different abiotic stresses, revealing their potential involvement in stress tolerance, especially in the response to alkalinity or darkness. Overexpressing GmMTA2 and GmMTB1 in soybean altered the tolerance of the plants to alkalinity and long-term darkness, further confirming their effect on the stress response. Collectively, our findings identified the RNA m6A writer candidates in leguminous plants and highlighted the potential roles of GmMTAs and GmMTBs in the response to abiotic stress in soybean.
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External cervical root resorption may be occasionally mistaken for root caries and vice versa. Radiographical and clinical differential diagnoses of cervical root resorption and root caries are essential for correct treatment planning and a successful treatment outcome. This article reviews the contemporary literature and summarises the prevailing professional consensus pertaining to external cervical root resorption. Clinical diagnostics which help distinguish cervical root resorption from root caries are outlined and treatment approaches of external cervical root resorption are discussed.
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Caries Radicular , Resorción Radicular , Humanos , Resorción Radicular/terapia , Resorción Radicular/diagnóstico , Resorción Radicular/diagnóstico por imagen , Caries Radicular/terapia , Caries Radicular/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Cuello del Diente/diagnóstico por imagen , Tratamiento del Conducto RadicularRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Limited literature addresses the long-term success of complete pulpotomy in permanent molars with signs of irreversible pulpitis in young patients. The aim of this observational study was to prospectively evaluate the long-term outcomes of complete pulpotomy using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) over an average period exceeding 11 years. METHODS: Out of 27 molars displaying signs suggestive of irreversible pulpitis which underwent MTA pulpotomy, 24 molars were followed-up for a mean duration of 11.0 ± 2.2 years (range 8.2 to 14.8 years). Clinical and radiographic assessments were periodically conducted, tailored to each patient's specific circumstances. Treatment failure criteria included clinical signs and symptoms and radiographic evidence suggesting a lack of pulpal or periapical healing. RESULTS: 83 % of molars had signs and symptoms of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, with 83 % displaying apical periodontitis. Clinically and radiographically, all pulpotomies (100 %) were considered successful. A hard tissue barrier was observed in 71 % of teeth, and continued root maturation was evident in all molars with open apices. Complete pulp canal obliteration (PCO) was present in 21 % of the molars. All radiographic apical radiolucencies completely resolved. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates a 100 % success rate over an average 11-year follow-up for complete pulpotomy in managing permanent molars with signs and symptoms of irreversible pulpitis in young patients. It offers evidence for its long-term efficacy in promoting healing of pulp and periapical tissues. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study showed high long-term success for complete pulpotomy in young permanent molars with irreversible pulpitis, with clinical and radiographic success over 11 years. Despite initial symptoms of pulpitis and apical periodontitis, the treatment resulted in tissue healing, root maturation, and resolution of periapical radiolucencies, suggesting it as an alternative to root canal therapy.