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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is characterized by persistent symptoms such as fatigue, loss of interest in activities, feelings of sadness and worthlessness. MDD often coexist with cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet the precise link between these conditions remains unclear. This review explores factors underlying the development of MDD and CVD, including genetic, epigenetic, platelet activation, inflammation, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation, endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. RECENT FINDINGS: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the membrane-associated guanylate kinase WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 1 (MAGI-1) are associated with neuroticism and psychiatric disorders including MDD. SNPs in MAGI-1 are also linked to chronic inflammatory disorders such as spontaneous glomerulosclerosis, celiac disease, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. Increased MAGI-1 expression has been observed in colonic epithelial samples from Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients. MAGI-1 also plays a role in regulating EC activation and atherogenesis in mice and is essential for Influenza A virus (IAV) infection, endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced EC apoptosis, and thrombin-induced EC permeability. Despite being understudied in human disease; evidence suggests that MAGI-1 may play a role in linking CVD and MDD. Therefore, further investigation of MAG-1 could be warranted to elucidate its potential involvement in these conditions.

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BACKGROUND: Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are recognized as a pivotal element in the processes of fracture healing and the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. This study investigated the molecular mechanism and regulatory significance of lncRNA MAGI2-AS3 (MAGI2-AS3) in fracture healing. METHODS: Serum levels of MAGI2-AS3 in patients with normal and delayed fracture healing were verified by RT-qPCR assays. The predictive efficacy of MAGI2-AS3 for delayed fracture healing was analyzed by ROC curve. Osteogenic markers were quantified by RT-qPCR assays. MC3T3-E1 cell viability was detected using CCK-8 assay, and flow cytometry was utilized to measure cell apoptosis. The dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was used to determine the targeted binding between MAGI2-AS3 and miR-223-3p. RESULTS: Serum MAGI2-AS3 expression was decreased in patients with delayed fracture healing compared with patients with normal healing. Elevated MAGI2-AS3 resulted in an upregulation of the proliferative capacity of MC3T3-E1 cells and a decrease in mortality, along with increased levels of both osteogenic markers. However, after transfection silencing MAGI2-AS3, the trend was reversed. Additionally, miR-223-3p was the downstream target of MAGI2-AS3 and was controlled by MAGI2-AS3. miR-223-3p mimic reversed the promoting effects of MAGI2-AS3 overexpression on osteogenic marker levels and cell growth, and induced cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION: The upregulation of MAGI2-AS3 may expedite the healing of fracture patients by targeting miR-223-3p, offering a novel biomarker for diagnosing patients with delayed healing.

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HPV 16 integration is crucial for the onset and progression of premalignant lesions to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (ISCC) because it promotes the amplification of proto-oncogenes and the silencing of tumor suppressor genes; some of these are proteins with PDZ domains involved in homeostasis and cell polarity. Through a bioinformatics approach based on interaction networks, a group of proteins associated with HPV 16 infection, PDZ domains, and direct physical interaction with E6 and related to different hallmarks of cancer were identified. MAGI-1 was selected to evaluate the expression profile and subcellular localization changes in premalignant lesions and ISCC with HPV 16 in an integrated state in cervical cytology; the profile expression of MAGI-1 diminished according to lesion grade. Surprisingly, in cell lines CaSki and SiHa, the protein localization was cytoplasmic and nuclear. In contrast, in histological samples, a change in subcellular localization from the cytoplasm in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) to the nucleus in the high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) was observed; in in situ carcinomas and ISCC, MAGI-1 expression was absent. In conclusion, MAGI-1 expression could be a potential biomarker for distinguishing those cells with normal morphology but with HPV 16 integrated from those showing morphology-related uterine cervical lesions associated with tumor progression.

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In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) on colorectal cancer (CRC) development. The focus was on the role of MAGI2-AS3, delivered by BMSC-EVs, in regulating USP6NL DNA methylation-mediated MYC protein translation modification to promote CDK2 downregulation. Utilizing bioinformatics analysis, we identified significant enrichment of MAGI2-AS3 related to copper-induced cell death in CRC. In vitro experiments demonstrated the downregulation of MAGI2-AS3 in CRC cells, and BMSC-EVs were found to deliver MAGI2-AS3 to inhibit CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Further exploration revealed that MAGI2-AS3 suppressed MYC protein translation modification by regulating USP6NL DNA methylation, leading to CDK2 downregulation and prevention of colorectal cancer. Overexpression of MYC reversed the functional effects of BMSC-EVs-MAGI2-AS3. In vivo experiments validated the inhibitory impact of BMSC-EVs-MAGI2-AS3 on CRC tumorigenicity by promoting CDK2 downregulation through USP6NL DNA methylation-mediated MYC protein translation modification. Overall, BMSC-EVs-MAGI2-AS3 may serve as a potential intervention to prevent CRC occurrence by modulating key molecular pathways.

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INTRODUCTION: Membrane-associated guanylate kinase with an inverted domain structure-1 (MAGI1) is dysregulated in diabetes; however, its role in diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains unclear. In this study, we determined the function and associated mechanisms of MAGI1 in DN. METHODS: Serum samples from 28 patients with DN and 28 normal volunteers were collected. High-glucose (HG)-treated human renal mesangial cells (HRMCs) and streptozotocin-treated rats were used as cell and animal models of DN, respectively. MAGI1 mRNA expression was measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. An 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay was used to assess cell proliferation, whereas Western blot analysis was performed to quantitate the levels of markers associated with proliferation, the extracellular matrix (ECM), and inflammation. These included collagens I, collagen IV, cyclin D1, AKT, phosphorylated-AKT (p-AKT), PI3K, and phosphorylated-PI3K (p-PI3K). The predicted binding of miR-205-5p with the MAGI1 3'UTR was verified using a luciferase assay. RESULTS: MAGI1 expression was increased in serum samples from DN patients and in HRMCs treated with HG. MAGI1 knockdown attenuated excessive proliferation, ECM accumulation, and inflammation in HG-induced HRMCs as well as injury to DN rats. MiR-205-5p potentially interacted with the 3'UTR of MAGI1 and binding was verified using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, miR-205-5p repression offset the inhibitory influence of MAGI1 knockdown on proliferation, collagen deposition, and inflammation in HG-treated HRMCs. CONCLUSION: MAGI1 contributes to injury caused by DN. Furthermore, miR-205-5p binds to MAGI1 and suppresses MAGI1 function. These findings suggest that miR-205-5p-mediates MAGI1 inhibition, which represents a potential treatment for DN.

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Microbial competition within plant tissues affects invading pathogens' fitness. Metabolomics is a great tool for studying their biochemical interactions by identifying accumulated metabolites. Xylella fastidiosa, a Gram-negative bacterium causing Pierce's disease (PD) in grapevines, secretes various virulence factors including cell wall-degrading enzymes, adhesion proteins, and quorum-sensing molecules. These factors, along with outer membrane vesicles, contribute to its pathogenicity. Previous studies demonstrated that co-inoculating X. fastidiosa with the Paraburkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN suppressed PD symptoms. Here, we further investigated the interaction between the phytopathogen and the endophyte by analyzing the exometabolome of wild-type X. fastidiosa and a diffusible signaling factor (DSF) mutant lacking quorum sensing, cultivated with 20% P. phytofirmans spent media. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and the Method for Metabolite Annotation and Gene Integration (MAGI) were used to detect and map metabolites to genomes, revealing a total of 121 metabolites, of which 25 were further investigated. These metabolites potentially relate to host adaptation, virulence, and pathogenicity. Notably, this study presents the first comprehensive profile of X. fastidiosa in the presence of a P. phytofirmans spent media. The results highlight that P. phytofirmans and the absence of functional quorum sensing affect the ratios of glutamine to glutamate (Gln:Glu) in X. fastidiosa. Additionally, two compounds with plant metabolism and growth properties, 2-aminoisobutyric acid and gibberellic acid, were downregulated when X. fastidiosa interacted with P. phytofirmans. These findings suggest that P. phytofirmans-mediated disease suppression involves modulation of the exometabolome of X. fastidiosa, impacting plant immunity.

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BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer worldwide and is the main cause of death from cancer in women. Novel biomarkers are highly warranted for this disease. OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of novel long non-coding RNAs biomarkers for breast cancer. METHODS: The study comprised the analysis of the expression of 71 candidate lncRNAs via screening, six of which (four underexpressed, two overexpressed) were validated and analyzed by qPCR in tumor tissues associated with NST breast carcinomas, compared with the benign samples and with respect to their clinicopathological characteristics. RESULTS: The results indicated the tumor suppressor roles of PTENP1, GNG12-AS1, MEG3 and MAGI2-AS3. Low levels of both PTENP1 and GNG12-AS1 were associated with worsened progression-free and overall survival rates. The reduced expression of GNG12-AS1 was linked to the advanced stage. A higher grade was associated with the lower expression of PTENP1, GNG12-AS1 and MAGI2-AS3. Reduced levels of both MEG3 and PTENP1 were linked to Ki-67 positivity. The NRSN2-AS1 and UCA1 lncRNAs were overexpressed; higher levels of UCA1 were associated with multifocality. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the investigated lncRNAs may play important roles in breast cancer and comprise a potential factor that should be further evaluated in clinical studies.

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BACKGROUND: Tissue factor (TF) activity is stringently regulated through processes termed encryption. Post-translational modification of TF and its interactions with various protein and lipid moieties allows for a multi-step de-encryption of TF and procoagulant activation. Membrane-associated guanylate kinase-with inverted configuration (MAGI) proteins are known to regulate the localisation and activity of a number of proteins including cell-surface receptors. METHODS: The interaction of TF with MAGI1 protein was examined as a means of regulating TF activity. MDA-MB-231 cell line was used which express TF and MAGI1, and respond well to protease activated receptor (PAR)2 activation. Proximity ligation assay (PLA), co-immunoprecipitation and pull-down experiments were used to examine the interaction of TF with MAGI1-3 proteins and to investigate the influence of PAR2 activation. Furthermore, by cloning and expressing the PDZ domains from MAGI1, the TF-binding domain was identified. The ability of the recombinant PDZ domains to act as competitors for MAGI1, allowing the induction of TF procoagulant and signalling activity was then examined. RESULTS: PLA and fluorescence microscopic analysis indicated that TF predominantly associates with MAGI1 and less with MAGI2 and MAGI3 proteins. The interaction of TF with MAGI1 was also demonstrated by both co-immunoprecipitation of TF with MAGI1, and co-immunoprecipitation of MAGI1 with TF. Moreover, activation of PAR2 resulted in reduction in the association of these two proteins. Pull-down assays using TF-cytoplasmic domain peptides indicated that the phosphorylation of Ser253 within TF prevents its association with MAGI1. Additionally, the five HA-tagged PDZ domains of MAGI1 were overexpressed separately, and the putative TF-binding domain was identified as PDZ1 domain. Expression of this PDZ domain in cells significantly augmented the TF activity measured both as thrombin-generation and also TF-mediated proliferative signalling. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate a stabilising interaction between TF and the PDZ-1 domain of MAGI1 and demonstrate that the activation of PAR2 disrupts this interaction. The release of TF from MAGI1 appears to be an initial step in TF de-encryption, associated with increased TF-mediated procoagulant and signalling activities. This mechanism is also likely to lead to further interactions and modifications leading to further enhancement of procoagulant activity, or the release of TF.

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BACKGROUND: Cisplatin resistance is one of the major obstacles in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. Intriguingly, elevated lactate levels were observed in cisplatin-resistant cells, which spurred further investigation into their underlying biological mechanisms. METHODS: Lactate levels were measured by lactate detection kit. Cisplatin-resistance NSCLC cells were established using progressive concentration of cisplatin. Cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis were detected by CCK-8, EdU, and flow cytometry, respectively. Cell proliferation in vivo was determined by immunohistochemistry of Ki67 and apoptotic cells were calculated by the TUNEL. MeRIP-PCR was used to measure FOXO3 m6A levels. The interactions of genes were analyzed via RIP, ChIP, Dual-luciferase reporter, and RNA pull-down, respectively. RESULTS: Elevated lactate levels were observed in both NSCLC patients and cisplatin-resistance cells. Lactate treatment increased cisplatin-resistance cell viability in vitro and promoted tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, lactate downregulated FOXO3 by YTHDF2-mediated m6A modification. FOXO3 transcriptionally reduced MAGI1-IT1 expression. FOXO3 overexpression inhibited the lactate-induced promotion of cisplatin resistance in NSCLC, which were reversed by MAGI1-IT1 overexpression. MAGI1-IT1 and IL6R competitively bound miR-664b-3p. FOXO3 overexpression or MAGI1-IT1 knockdown repressed lactate-mediated cisplatin resistance in vivo. CONCLUSION: Lactate promoted NSCLC cisplatin resistance through regulating FOXO3/MAGI1-IT1/miR-664b-3p/IL6R axis in YTHDF2-mediated m6A modification.

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Repeated blast-traumatic brain injury (blast-TBI) has been hypothesized to cause persistent and unusual neurological and psychiatric symptoms in service members returning from war zones. Blast-wave primary effects have been supposed to induce damage and molecular alterations in the brain. However, the mechanisms through which the primary effect of an explosive-driven blast wave generate brain lesions and induce brain consequences are incompletely known. Prior findings from rat brains exposed to two consecutive explosive-driven blasts showed molecular changes (hyperphosphorylated-Tau, AQP4, S100ß, PDGF, and DNA-polymerase-ß) that varied in magnitude and direction across different brain regions. We aimed to compare, in an unbiased manner, the proteomic profile in the hippocampus of double blast vs sham rats using mass spectrometry (MS). Data showed differences in up- and down-regulation for protein abundances in the hippocampus of double blast vs sham rats. Tandem mass tag (TMT)-MS results showed 136 up-regulated and 94 down-regulated proteins between the two groups (10.25345/C52B8VP0X). These TMT-MS findings revealed changes never described before in blast studies, such as increases in MAGI3, a scaffolding protein at cell-cell junctions, which were confirmed by Western blotting analyses. Due to the absence of behavioral and obvious histopathological changes as described in our previous publications, these proteomic data further support the existence of an asymptomatic blast-induced molecular altered status (ABIMAS) associated with specific protein changes in the hippocampus of rats repeatedly expsosed to blast waves generated by explosive-driven detonations.

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Abstract@#Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is closely related to the pathogenesis of cancer,representing a burgeoning field in tumor research in recent years. MAGI2-AS3, a tumor-associated lncRNA, exerts pivotal roles in epigenetics, transcription and post-transcriptional regulation. Studies have suggested that MAGI2-AS3 may be involved in multiple stages of tumor development, and has potential applications for tumor diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. This review summarizes the expression, regulatory mechanism and clinical application value of MAGI2-AS3 in common malignant tumrs, providing the reference for tumor prevention and treatment.

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Revealing the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in inducing dysregulated pathological responses to external signals may identify therapeutic targets for inhibiting the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Non-coding RNAs belong to a class of RNA molecules that do not encode proteins but possess diverse biological functions, playing essential roles in the occurrence and development of metastatic and proliferative tumors. To investigate the impact of the upstream interaction between miR-142-3p and lncRNA MAGI2-AS3 on the tumor-suppressive activity of the STAM gene, we firstly conducted bioinformatics analysis to predict the upstream miRNAs of STAM and the upstream lncRNAs of the miRNAs through online databases (miRanda, miRDB, TargetScan, LncBase v2), which were further validated by the starBasev2.0 database. Subsequently, multiple experimental techniques were employed to validate these findings, including RT-qPCR, Western blotting, measurement of cellular functional activity, and luciferase reporter assays. Through these experimental methods, we provided compelling evidence regarding the role of miR-142-3p and MAGI2-AS3 in regulating STAM gene expression and functionality, revealing their potential significance in tumor suppression. Our research demonstrates the importance of the MAGI2-AS3/miR-142-3p/STAM signaling pathway axis in ccRCC. MAGI2-AS3 competes for binding with miR-142-3p, resulting in upregulated STAM gene expression. This upregulation inhibits tumor proliferation and metastasis in ccRCC cells. Conversely, overexpression of miR-142-3p or silencing of MAGI2-AS3 promotes tumor behavior, while downregulation of miR-142-3p inhibits the development of ccRCC. Targeting the MAGI2-AS3/miR-142-3p/STAM axis holds promise as a therapeutic strategy for ccRCC treatment.

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AIM: To compare the effects of cytokine and antibacterial therapy on semen parameters and additional functional tests in patients with infertility due to male accessory gland infections (MAGI) who are preparing for assisted reproductive technologies (ART). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized, prospective, controlled clinical trial without blinding was carried out. A total of 60 men from infertile couples with MAGI who were preparing to ART was included in the study. In the main group (n=30) patients received Superlymph, 1 suppository of 25 units, 2 times a day for 20 days. In the control group (n=30), the antibacterial drug Doxycycline 100 mg 2 times a day for 28 days was given. After the end of therapy on day 33+/-3, a repeated sperm analysis, MAR test, a test for reactive oxygen species in the ejaculate and sperm DNA fragmentation, and bacteriological examination of sperm was performed. In addition, a survey for adverse events was carried out. The significance of differences in initial and final parameters and differences between groups was assessed using the Students t-test, Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney U-test depending on the data distribution. The Shapiro-Wilk test was done to investigate the normality of data distribution. Fisher's exact test was used to compare categorical variables. RESULTS: The final analysis included data from 53 patients (n=28 in the main group and n=25 in the control group). In both groups, a significant decrease in the level of free oxygen radicals in the ejaculate was noted (p=0.031), which was more pronounced in the main group. There were no differences in other semen parameters. Eradication of the microorganism according to bacteriological examination occurred in 57.1% of patients in the main group and in 88% of those in the control group (p=0.016). In patients receiving monotherapy with Superlymph, there was a significant decrease in the sperm DNA fragmentation index and the concentration of leukocytes in the ejaculate. In patients receiving antibacterial therapy, there was a significant increase in ejaculate volume, a decrease in the proportion of IgG-associated sperm and leukocyte concentration. CONCLUSION: Many issues of diagnosis and treatment of MAGI have not been thoroughly studied and are poorly standardized. Considering the problems of increasing antibiotic resistance, alternative treatment options are needed. Cytokine therapy (the drug Superlymph) is an effective alternative method of monotherapy for male infertility due to MAGI and is optimal for quickly preparing a couple for ART protocol, given its positive effect on oxidative stress and the index of sperm DNA fragmentation. The prospect of combination therapy with antibiotics and Superlymph seems promising.

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Abstract: Professor Derek Pheby's passing in November 2022 marked a profound loss for the scientific community. Professor Derek Pheby, a stalwart figure in the fields of autoimmune diseases and bioethics, was known for his dedication to scientific research and patients' support, particularly for those affected by paraneoplastic autoimmune syndromes. Professor Pheby made significant contributions to research, especially about Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). His leadership of the ME Biobank and scientific coordination of EUROMENE demonstrated his commitment to pushing boundaries and fostering international collaborations. Professor Pheby's scientific work addressed various aspects of ME/CFS, from physician education to patient needs, the development of a post-mortem tissue bank, and effective treatments. Beyond his medical career, Professor Pheby was a crucial member of the Independent Ethics Committee of MAGI, he was a poet, humanitarian, and advocate for child protection. His generosity and boundless spirit left an enduring legacy, fostering innovative research in the pursuit of combating autoimmune diseases.

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Podocytes, the key component of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB), are gradually lost during the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), severely compromising kidney functionality. The molecular mechanisms regulating the survival of podocytes in DKD are incompletely understood. Here, we show that membrane-associated guanylate kinase inverted 2 (MAGI2) is specifically expressed in renal podocytes, and promotes podocyte survival in DKD. We found that MAGI2 expression was downregulated in podocytes cultured with high-glucose in vitro, and in kidneys of db/db mice as well as DKD patients. Conversely, we found enforced expression of MAGI2 via AAV transduction protected podocytes from apoptosis, with concomitant improvement of renal functions. Mechanistically, we found that MAGI2 deficiency induced by high glucose levels activates TGF-ß signaling to decrease the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. These results indicate that MAGI2 protects podocytes from cell death, and can be harnessed therapeutically to improve renal function in diabetic kidney disease.

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Acute cowperitis, which was previously known as a common complication of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), is now commonly associated with bacterial urinary tract infections, particularly Escherichia coli. Patients often have a history of STIs, and the symptoms resemble other male accessory gland infections (MAGIs). Recent cases associated with sepsis have been managed with percutaneous drainage and/or surgery. We present a case of acute cowperitis with sepsis and an abscess in the right small gland. The diagnosis was made using transperineal ultrasound, and the patient was successfully treated only with a long-term antibiotic therapy.

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We have developed MAGI-ACMG, a classification algorithm that allows the classification of sequencing variants (single nucleotide or small indels) according to the recommendations of the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) and the Association for Clinical Genomic Science (ACGS). The MAGI-ACMG classification algorithm uses information retrieved through the VarSome Application Programming Interface (API), integrates the AutoPVS1 tool in order to evaluate more precisely the attribution of the PVS1 criterion, and performs the customized assignment of specific criteria. In addition, we propose a sub-classification scheme for variants of uncertain significance (VUS) according to their proximity either towards the "likely pathogenic" or "likely benign" classes. We also conceived a pathogenicity potential criterion (P_POT) as a proxy for segregation criteria that might be added to a VUS after posterior testing, thus allowing it to upgrade its clinical significance in a diagnostic reporting setting. Finally, we have developed a user-friendly web application based on the MAGI-ACMG algorithm, available to geneticists for variant interpretation.

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MAGI1 acts as a tumor suppressor in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC), and its loss correlates with a more aggressive phenotype. To identify the pathways and events affected by MAGI1 loss, we deleted the MAGI1 gene in the ER+ MCF7 BC cell line and performed RNA sequencing and functional experiments in vitro. Transcriptome analyses revealed gene sets and biological processes related to estrogen signaling, the cell cycle, and DNA damage responses affected by MAGI1 loss. Upon exposure to TNF-α/IFN-γ, MCF7 MAGI1 KO cells entered a deeper level of quiescence/senescence compared with MCF7 control cells and activated the AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. MCF7 MAGI1 KO cells exposed to ionizing radiations or cisplatin had reduced expression of DNA repair proteins and showed increased sensitivity towards PARP1 inhibition using olaparib. Treatment with PI3K and AKT inhibitors (alpelisib and MK-2206) restored the expression of DNA repair proteins and sensitized cells to fulvestrant. An analysis of human BC patients' transcriptomic data revealed that patients with low MAGI1 levels had a higher tumor mutational burden and homologous recombination deficiency. Moreover, MAGI1 expression levels negatively correlated with PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling, which confirmed our in vitro observations. Pharmacological and genomic evidence indicate HDACs as regulators of MAGI1 expression. Our findings provide a new view on MAGI1 function in cancer and identify potential treatment options to improve the management of ER+ BC patients with low MAGI1 levels.

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Drug resistance is a major impediment to the successful treatment of glioma. This study aimed to elucidate the effects and mechanisms of the long noncoding RNA membrane-associated guanylate kinase inverted-2 antisense RNA 3 (MAGI2-AS3) on temozolomide (TMZ) resistance in glioma cells. MAGI2-AS3 expression in TMZ-resistant glioblastoma (GBM) cells was analyzed using the Gene Expression Omnibus data set GSE113510 and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Cell viability and TMZ half-maximal inhibitory concentration values were determined using the MTT assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were evaluated using flow cytometry. The expression of multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1), ATP-binding cassette superfamily G member 2 (ABCG2), protein kinase B (Akt), and phosphorylated Akt was detected using qRT-PCR and/or western blot analysis. MAGI2-AS3 was expressed at low levels in TMZ-resistant GBM cells relative to that in their parental cells. MAGI2-AS3 re-expression alleviated TMZ resistance in TMZ-resistant GBM cells. MAGI2-AS3 overexpression also accelerated TMZ-induced apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest. Mechanistically, MAGI2-AS3 overexpression reduced MDR1 and ABCG2 expression and inhibited the Akt pathway, whereas Akt overexpression abrogated the reduction in MDR1 and ABCG2 expression induced by MAGI2-AS3. Moreover, activation of the Akt pathway inhibited the effects of MAGI2-AS3 on TMZ resistance. MAGI2-AS3 inhibited tumor growth and enhanced the suppressive effect of TMZ on glioma tumorigenesis in vivo. In conclusion, MAGI2-AS3 reverses TMZ resistance in glioma cells by inactivating the Akt pathway.

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MAGI2 Antisense RNA 3 (MAGI2-AS3) is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) transcribed from a locus on 7q21.11. This lncRNA has been described to be abnormally expressed in a variety of malignancies in correlation with many clinical characteristics. Moreover, it might participate in the pathogenesis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia, Alzheimer's disease and intervertebral disc degeneration. Mechanistically, MAGI2-AS3 can serve as a molecular sponge for miR-142-3p, miR-424-5p, miR-15b, miR-233, miR-452-5p, miR-629-5p, miR-25, miR-155, miR-23a-3p, miR-519c-3p, miR-374b-5p, miR-374a, miR-31-5p, miR-3163, miR-525-5p, miR-15-5p, miR-374a-5p, miR-374b-5p, miR-218-5p, miR-141-3p and miR-200a-3p to regulate expression of their mRNA targets. The current review summarizes the role of MAGI2-AS3 in different disorders to highlight its importance in their pathophysiology.

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