RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Patients with a septate uterus often have endometriosis, which can exacerbate their adverse pregnancy outcomes. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with a septate uterus complicated by endometriosis. STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective study included patients who had a septate uterus complicated by endometriosis and were treated in Wuhan Tongji Hospital in the past 10 years. The characteristics of patients with a septate uterus and endometriosis were collected and described in terms of their preoperative and postoperative pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS: There were 24 cases with a complete septate uterus and 49 cases with an incomplete septate uterus.Combinations of other malformations are more common in patients with complete septate uterus. In patients with a septate uterus, endometriosis often affected the ovaries, most commonly the left side (P < 0.001). Non-significant difference in the staging of endometriosis between complete and incomplete septate uterus (P= 0.812). Surgical treatment greatly improved the reproductive function and increased the live birth rate of patients with a septate uterus complicated by endometriosis (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to a septate uterus uncomplicated endometriosis, a septate uterus complicated by endometriosis significantly affects reproductive function. Surgical treatment can significantly improve the pregnancy outcomes of patients with a septate uterus and endometriosis. Clinicians should pay attention to timely diagnosing and treating these patients.
Asunto(s)
Endometriosis , Útero , Humanos , Femenino , Endometriosis/complicaciones , Endometriosis/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Útero/anomalías , Útero/cirugía , Adulto , Embarazo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Resultado del Embarazo , Anomalías Urogenitales/complicaciones , Anomalías Urogenitales/cirugía , Útero SeptadoRESUMEN
AIM: To explore the relationship between serum 25(OH)D level and pregnancy outcomes (clinical pregnancy rate [CPR] and live birth rate [LBR]) in Chinese women receiving in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)-embryo transfer (ET) (IVF/ICSI-ET). METHODS: A total of 612 patients included in the study were divided into four cohorts according to serum 25(OH)D with the threshold of 20 ng/ml, 25 ng/ml, 30 ng/ml, and retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: None of the baseline characteristics of participants was significantly different in the four cohorts except gravid status. The trend of 25(OH)D concentration was positively correlated with CPR and LBR. The younger (age: p < 0.001 both in CPR and LBR) women with primary infertility (infertility type: p = 0.004 in LBR) were more likely to get a better pregnancy outcome under the same 25(OH)D concentration stages. As shown on heatmap plots, CPR, and LBR were significantly increased for 25(OH)D concentrations above 30.00 ng/ml and women younger than 30 years old. The adjusted binary logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) showed that there existed a nonlinear positive correlation between 25(OH)D concentration and pregnancy outcome (CPR and LBR) (Pnonlinear < 0.001, respectively). The women with a sufficient 25(OH)D concentration (30 ng/ml) had 1.07 (clinical pregnancy) and 1.05 (live birth) times higher successful birth outcomes compared to women with an insufficient 25(OH)D concentration (25 ng/ml). (OR25 ng/ml, ref = 30 ng/ml [95% CI] = 0.935 [0.932-0.938] and 0.947 [0.945-0.950], p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: In Chinese women receiving IVF/ICSI-ET, the serum level of 25(OH)D demonstrated a nonlinear positive correlation with pregnancy outcomes (CPR and LBR), with stronger correlations above 25 ng/ml and worse yields below 30 ng/ml. However, it could not yet be considered different in distinct ages.
Asunto(s)
Transferencia de Embrión , Fertilización In Vitro , Resultado del Embarazo , Vitamina D , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Tasa de Natalidad , Pueblos del Este de Asia , Índice de Embarazo , Estudios Retrospectivos , Inyecciones de Esperma Intracitoplasmáticas , Vitamina D/sangreRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The aim of this retrospective study is to investigate the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) following one or more completed in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles (up to 6 cycles) stratified by maternal age and type of infertility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, five hundred forty-seven women who received 736 fresh ovarian stimulation/embryo transfer cycles between January 2016 and December 2016 were included in the study at a tertiary care center located in Lebanon. RESULTS: In all women, the live birth rate for the first cycle was 33.0% [95% confidence interval (CI): 27.8-38.2]. The CLBR showed an increase with each successive fresh cycle to reach 56.9% (95% CI: 51.2-62.4) after 3 cycles and 67.9% (95% CI: of 62.5-73.0) after 6 cycles. The CLBR following 6 cycles reached 69.9% (95% CI: 63.8-75.6) in women younger than 35 years. In women older than 40 years, however, the live birth rate for the first cycle was significantly low at 3.1% (95% CI: 0.3-9.5) with a plateau in success rates after 4 cycles reaching 21.9% (95% CI: 9.2-40.0). Couples with different types of infertility had CLBRs ranging from 65% to 72%, with the exception of women with low ovarian reserve, where CLBRs reached 29.4% (95% CI: 10.3-56.0). CONCLUSION: The CLBR at a referral center in a Middle Eastern country reached 67.9 % after 6 cycles, with variations by age and type of infertility treatment. These findings are encouraging for patients insisting to extend their treatment beyond 4 to 5 cycles.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: In-vitro and in-vivo models suggest the influence of low-molecular weight heparin on conception in infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization procedures (IVF). In this randomized controlled trial we assessed whether a low-molecular weight heparin (parnaparin) could affect IVF outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 271cycles were analyzed in 247 women having a first or subsequent IVF cycle at Fertility Center of Humanitas Research Hospital. Patients, without severe thrombophilia and hormonal or active untreated autoimmune disorders, were randomly allocated (1:1) to receive for the whole cycle parnaparin, or routine hormonal therapy only. The primary endpoint was the clinical pregnancy rate and the secondary endpoints included implantation rate and live birth rate. RESULTS: The clinical pregnancy and the live birth rate were similar in treated and controls (21.5% vs. 26.7%, p=0.389; 18.5% vs. 20.6%, p=0.757). The abortion rate was 10.3% vs 22.9%, p=0.319, respectively. The subgroups analysis, ≤35, 36-38, 39-40years, showed the following: comparable clinical pregnancy rate (22.5% vs 38.8%, p=0.124; 21.8% vs 17.3%, p=0.631; 19.4% vs 23.3%, p=0.762 respectively) and live birth rate (16.3% vs 32.7%, p=0.099; 20.0% vs 13.5%, p=0.443; 19.4% vs 13.3%, p=0.731 respectively) in treated vs controls. Sensitivity analyses on women with ≥3 previous attempts and first enrolment only, and subgroup analyses according to trial conclusion conditioning a small sample size with low statistical power. CONCLUSIONS: Our study excludes positive effect of parnaparin, once a day for the whole cycle, on clinical pregnancy rate in infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization techniques.
Asunto(s)
Anticoagulantes/uso terapéutico , Fertilización In Vitro/métodos , Heparina de Bajo-Peso-Molecular/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Prospectivos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Assisted reproductive technology has been associated with an increase in multiple pregnancies. The most effective strategy for reducing multiple pregnancies is single embryo transfer. Beginning in October 2015, the National Supporting Program for Infertility in South Korea has limited the number of embryos that can be transferred per in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle depending on the patient's age. However, little is known regarding the effect of age and number of transferred embryos on the clinical outcomes of Korean patients. Thus, this study was performed to evaluate the effect of the number of transferred blastocysts on clinical outcomes. METHODS: This study was carried out in the Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center from January 2013 to December 2014. The clinical outcomes of 514 women who underwent the transfer of one or two blastocysts on day 5 after IVF and of 721 women who underwent the transfer of one or two vitrified-warmed blastocysts were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: For both fresh and vitrified-warmed cycles, the clinical pregnancy rate and live birth or ongoing pregnancy rate were not significantly different between patients who underwent elective single blastocyst transfer (eSBT) and patients who underwent double blastocyst transfer (DBT), regardless of age. However, the multiple pregnancy rate was significantly lower in the eSBT group than in the DBT group. CONCLUSION: The clinical outcomes of eSBT and DBT were equivalent, but eSBT had a lower risk of multiple pregnancy and is, therefore, the best option.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify useful clinical factors for the identification of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who would benefit from in vitro maturation (IVM) treatment without exhibiting compromised pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed of 186 consecutive patients with PCOS who underwent human chorionic gonadotropin-primed IVM treatment between March 2010 and March 2014. Only the first IVM cycle of each patient was included in this study. A retrospective case-control study was subsequently conducted to compare pregnancy outcomes between IVM and conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. RESULTS: Through logistic regression analyses, we arrived at the novel finding that serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels and the number of fertilized oocytes in IVM were independent predictive factors for live birth with unstandardized coefficients of 0.078 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.005-1.164; p=0.037) and 0.113 (95% CI, 1.038-1.208; p=0.003), respectively. Furthermore, these two parameters were able to discriminate patients who experienced live births from non-pregnant IVM patients using cut-off levels of 8.5 ng/mL and five fertilized oocytes, respectively. A subsequent retrospective case-control study of patients with PCOS who had serum AMH levels ≥8.5 ng/mL showed that IVM had pregnancy outcomes comparable to conventional IVF, and that no cases of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome were observed. CONCLUSION: Serum AMH levels are a useful factor for predicting pregnancy outcomes in PCOS patients before the beginning of an IVM cycle. IVM may be an alternative to conventional IVF for PCOS patients if the patients are properly selected according to predictive factors such as serum AMH levels.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify useful clinical factors for the identification of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who would benefit from in vitro maturation (IVM) treatment without exhibiting compromised pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed of 186 consecutive patients with PCOS who underwent human chorionic gonadotropin-primed IVM treatment between March 2010 and March 2014. Only the first IVM cycle of each patient was included in this study. A retrospective case-control study was subsequently conducted to compare pregnancy outcomes between IVM and conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. RESULTS: Through logistic regression analyses, we arrived at the novel finding that serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels and the number of fertilized oocytes in IVM were independent predictive factors for live birth with unstandardized coefficients of 0.078 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.005-1.164; p=0.037) and 0.113 (95% CI, 1.038-1.208; p=0.003), respectively. Furthermore, these two parameters were able to discriminate patients who experienced live births from non-pregnant IVM patients using cut-off levels of 8.5 ng/mL and five fertilized oocytes, respectively. A subsequent retrospective case-control study of patients with PCOS who had serum AMH levels ≥8.5 ng/mL showed that IVM had pregnancy outcomes comparable to conventional IVF, and that no cases of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome were observed. CONCLUSION: Serum AMH levels are a useful factor for predicting pregnancy outcomes in PCOS patients before the beginning of an IVM cycle. IVM may be an alternative to conventional IVF for PCOS patients if the patients are properly selected according to predictive factors such as serum AMH levels.
Asunto(s)
Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Corion , Estudios de Cohortes , Fertilización In Vitro , Técnicas de Maduración In Vitro de los Oocitos , Técnicas In Vitro , Nacimiento Vivo , Modelos Logísticos , Oocitos , Síndrome de Hiperestimulación Ovárica , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico , Resultado del Embarazo , Índice de Embarazo , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Assisted reproductive technology has been associated with an increase in multiple pregnancies. The most effective strategy for reducing multiple pregnancies is single embryo transfer. Beginning in October 2015, the National Supporting Program for Infertility in South Korea has limited the number of embryos that can be transferred per in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle depending on the patient's age. However, little is known regarding the effect of age and number of transferred embryos on the clinical outcomes of Korean patients. Thus, this study was performed to evaluate the effect of the number of transferred blastocysts on clinical outcomes. METHODS: This study was carried out in the Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center from January 2013 to December 2014. The clinical outcomes of 514 women who underwent the transfer of one or two blastocysts on day 5 after IVF and of 721 women who underwent the transfer of one or two vitrified-warmed blastocysts were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: For both fresh and vitrified-warmed cycles, the clinical pregnancy rate and live birth or ongoing pregnancy rate were not significantly different between patients who underwent elective single blastocyst transfer (eSBT) and patients who underwent double blastocyst transfer (DBT), regardless of age. However, the multiple pregnancy rate was significantly lower in the eSBT group than in the DBT group. CONCLUSION: The clinical outcomes of eSBT and DBT were equivalent, but eSBT had a lower risk of multiple pregnancy and is, therefore, the best option.
Asunto(s)
Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Blastocisto , Transferencia de Embrión , Estructuras Embrionarias , Fertilidad , Fertilización In Vitro , Infertilidad , Corea (Geográfico) , Nacimiento Vivo , Índice de Embarazo , Embarazo Múltiple , Técnicas Reproductivas Asistidas , Estudios Retrospectivos , Transferencia de un Solo EmbriónRESUMEN
Fang women are known to practice virtually no contraception but for them induced abortion is not an acceptable option. Their reproductive behaviour consequently is governed by the ability to conceive, spontaneous intrauterine mortality and child spacing (due to prolonged breast-feeding and sexual abstinence). In a sample of 587 women from one hospital and one clinic in Nsork, there was a positive correlation between maternal age and the number of pregnancies, resulting in a mean of 5.52 pregnancies per female and one child born every 2.5 years. The reported spontaneous abortion rate was 28.6%.
PIP: Data were collected in the only hospital built in the Nsork district of Equatorial Guinea. Group A comprised deliveries at Nsork Hospital from March 1988 to July 1990 (29 months). Maternal age, number of previous pregnancies, and number of fetal losses from the fourth month of pregnancy were recorded. The total sample comprised 157 women aged 15-40 years who had a total of 555 pregnancies. Group B data were collected from May 1987 to December 1988 (20 months) from the prenatal clinic at a primary health post from a total of 430 pregnant women aged 14-45 years. Group A women represented 15.6% of all women in the district between 15 and 39 years of age; Group B, 36.5% between 15 and 44 years of age. There was a high level of prenatal attendances in Group B; however, only 20.2% of clinic visitors gave birth at the hospital. In Group A, the number of reported pregnancies continued to rise in direct relation to the woman's age (correlation coefficient r = .91). The reproductive age range of this population was 15 to 40 years with a mean of 5.52 pregnancies. The average number of reported abortions per female was .48 for each age group (p .05). The total incidence of fetal loss was 28.3%, 23.9% of which was reported by women with one abortion and 4.4% by women with at least two abortions. Group A had effective child spacing, achieved by a combination of sexual abstinence and prolonged breast feeding. Sexual abstinence was practiced after the seventh month of pregnancy until breast feeding ceased, and breast feeding was continued until the newborn was aged 16-21 months. The pattern of child spacing calculated from the regression between mean number of conceptions per woman and maternal age (r = .91, p .05) was around one pregnancy every 30 months. The data represented a population with close to natural fertility, since their reproduction was not deliberately controlled and there was no cessation of reproduction once the desired family size had been attained.
Asunto(s)
Aborto Espontáneo/epidemiología , Intervalo entre Nacimientos , Lactancia Materna/estadística & datos numéricos , Embarazo/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Lactancia Materna/psicología , Recolección de Datos , Guinea Ecuatorial/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Persona de Mediana Edad , ParidadRESUMEN
Teenage pregnancy, considered to be associated with social and medical risks, is seen as a growing problem. Population based information from the Registrar General (Scotland) and Notification of Abortion permitted an analysis of the trends in the numbers, rates and outcomes of pregnancies among women aged less than 20 years. In addition, clinical information is available on all deliveries in Scottish hospitals from the standard hospital discharge document permitting analysis of the association of defined complications with age. Contrary to current perceptions, pregnancies and births among teenagers are not more frequent in 1988 when compared to 1975. There has been, however, a large increase in births to single women, a group with particular problems. The obstetric risks when compared to older women, are small and probably socially, not age related. These include a slightly higher rate of pre-term delivery and low birthweight and a later presentation for specialist antenatal care. The proportion of pregnancies affected by neural tube defects which are terminated is lower among women under 20. These medical risks are small, however, compared to the well-documented social and economic problems which will have long term and indirect effects on health.
PIP: An analysis of trends in numbers, rates, and outcomes of pregnancies in women of 19 years and less was performed using population-based data from the Registrar General of Scotland, of all deliveries in Scottish hospitals from 1975 to 1988. The data were taken from the standard maternity discharge document including live and stillbirths, and from the 1975-87 Notifications of Abortion records. Pregnancies/1000 women ranged from 40 in 1983 to 50 in 1975. Proportionally more pregnancies were terminated in 1987. The number of live births to single women rose from 11.4 to 22.2/1000 over the period. In 1987 there were fewer marriages during pregnancy, and a lower proportion of pregnancies in married women. The total number of live births to women 20 decreased from 8267 in 1975 to 6158 in 1988, while those in single women rose from 2297 to 4558, from 28% to 74%. There were no evident trends in teen pregnancies, but an increase in the termination rate in teens was apparent. Most teen births occurred in mature out-of-school women. While 32% of primiparous women aged 18 booked for prenatal care at 21 weeks or more, there was no increase in anencephaly or spina bifida, which would have been detected by prenatal screening. Hypertension occurred in 14% of women 20 and in 21% of those 20. Operative deliveries were more common in women aged 20-24, and more often resulted in low birth weight. Low birth weight occurred in 8% of women, compared with 7% in those 20 (p0.01). When social factors were controlled, there were no differences in birth weight and gestation length. Indicators of social deprivation are discussed. The longterm implications of loss of education, training, employment, and stable marriages were considered more detrimental to the young mothers than the adverse health effects of early pregnancy.
Asunto(s)
Resultado del Embarazo , Embarazo en Adolescencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Aborto Inducido/tendencias , Adolescente , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Ilegitimidad/tendencias , Incidencia , Recién Nacido , Defectos del Tubo Neural/epidemiología , Trabajo de Parto Prematuro/epidemiología , Embarazo , Complicaciones del Embarazo/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Escocia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
PIP: Indices of child health status were compared for 2 British areas with similar population structure but different history of health education. Croydon in the south has had a health education unit since 1958, and has 5 times the health education expenditures currently. In contrast St. Helens began its health education services in 1975. Expenditures per capita average 9.6 P in Croydon, va 2.0 P in St. Helens (1974). The health status indices reported by the 2 areas were: live birth rate 12.9 in Croydon, va. 14.7 for St. Helens;, nervous system birth defects 3.9 vs 8.3; congenital birth defect rate 32.7 vs 33.8; stillbirth rate 10.5 vs. 13.2; low birth weight 65.9 vs. 71.2; infant mortality rate 16.2 vs. 21.3; polio and DPT immunization 80% vs. 40%.^ieng
Asunto(s)
Servicios de Salud del Niño/estadística & datos numéricos , Educación en Salud , Niño , Preescolar , Humanos , India , Lactante , Recién NacidoRESUMEN
After increasing by 9 per cent in the period 1976-80 in the United States, pregnancy rates declined by 4 per cent between 1980 and 1984 (from 111.9 to 107.3 pregnancies per 1,000 women aged 15-44 years). Between 1984 and 1985, the rate rose by less than 1 per cent to 108.2. More detailed data by age and race, available only through 1983, indicate that the decline in the 1980-83 period was not shared by all age groups. For example, pregnancy rates continued to increase for women in their thirties, and teenage pregnancy remained substantially the same. In 1983, 61 per cent of all pregnancies ended in live birth, 26 per cent in induced abortion, and 13 per cent in fetal loss. Pregnancy rates in that year were two-thirds higher for women of races other than White than for White women, and pregnancies of other-than-White women were more likely to terminate as an induced abortion or fetal loss. However, White teenagers and teenagers of other races were about equally likely to have their pregnancy end in induced abortion or fetal loss.
Asunto(s)
Resultado del Embarazo , Embarazo , Aborto Inducido , Adolescente , Adulto , Etnicidad , Femenino , Muerte Fetal/epidemiología , Humanos , Edad Materna , Embarazo en Adolescencia , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
PIP: 490 married Bengalee Hindu women, rabging in age form 12-49 years, in 3 villages of Midnapur district (India) were interviewed during January-April1980 to clarify attitudes of acceptors and nonacceptors of birth control methods. Only 102 (90.81%) of the women were acceptors, including 10 cases where both the partners were involved in planning their families. There were 388 (79.18%) nonacceptors among 490 respondents. Among the acceptors 43.13% has undergone vasectomy and 9.8, had tubal ligation. Among the nomacceptors 495 male and 462 female children were born to 388 mothrs. The sex ratio was 107.35 male/100 female. 196 male and 165 female childen were born to 102 mothers who were acceptors. The sex ratio of their children was 112.72 male/100 female. The percentage (85.30%) of the nonacceptors with no fetal loss was higher than the acceptors (75.49%), whereas percentage (14.17%) of the nonacceptors with 1-3 reproductive wastage was lower than the percentage (23.52%) of the acceptors. The highest percentage(44.11%) of 102 acceptors was found with 4-6live births and the lowest percentage (3.92%) was found with no live birth. The highest percentage (53.35%) of 388 nonacceptors was found with 1-3 live births; the lowest percentage (10.30%) of them showed above 6 live births. There was a significant difference in connection with the number of live births among acceptors and nonacceptors. There was a siginificant difference between the acceptors and nonacceptors mothers in relation to the number of living children. 63.14% of the nonacceptors wanted to learn birth control methods to restrict the number of their children, indicating the need to itensify the family planning program in this districy of West Bengal.^ieng
Asunto(s)
Conducta Anticonceptiva , Recolección de Datos , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud , Índice de Embarazo , Distribución por Sexo , Factores Sexuales , Razón de Masculinidad , Conducta Sexual , Asia , Tasa de Natalidad , Anticoncepción , Demografía , Países en Desarrollo , Servicios de Planificación Familiar , Fertilidad , Muerte Fetal , India , Mortalidad , Población , Características de la Población , Dinámica Poblacional , Investigación , Población Rural , MuestreoRESUMEN
PIP: This article analyses the fertility of Costa Rica utilizing data obtained from the 1976 National Fertility Survey, which was conducted within the framework of the World Fertility Survey. The study, carried out by the Costa Rican Census Bureau, is based on a sample of women between ages 20 through 49 at the time of the survey who were living in private households. First cumulative fertility up to the time of the survey is analyzed and then an evaluation is made of the pregnancy history information. In addition, various other topics are treated: initial fertility (that is, fertility during the 1st 5 years of union); current fertility for the 5 years preceeding the survey; recent trends; and finally, the influence of infant mortality on the fertility level. (Author's)^ieng
Asunto(s)
Tasa de Natalidad , Mortalidad Infantil , Costa Rica , Recolección de Datos , Demografía , Fertilidad , Edad Materna , Mortalidad , Paridad , Población , Dinámica Poblacional , Índice de EmbarazoRESUMEN
An analysis of Oregon Vital Statistics data from 1965 to 1975 was conducted to assess the impact of Oregon's 1969 abortion legislation, which substantially increased the number of reported medically induced abortions. This increase was associated with a slight increase in the age-adjusted 1970 fertility rate and there was no decrease in births to women in the age groups obtaining proportionately the most abortions. A significant and persistent 11 per cent reduction in premature births to women over age 20 (p less than .001) and a 22 per cent reduction in spontaneous fetal deaths (p less than .05) were associated with liberalized abortion. Decreases in neonatal and postneonatal infant mortality were observed, but were indistinguishable from an ongoing trend toward improved infant health. A gradual 25 per cent decline in the age-adjusted fertility rate occurred between 1969 and 1975, but the increase in the number of reported abortions could account for only one-fourth of this decrease. A seven-fold increase in the use of family planning clinics between 1970 and 1973 and more liberalized laws regarding provision of family planning service appeared to account for a much higher proportion of the decreased fertility than did liberalized abortion.
Asunto(s)
Aborto Legal , Fertilidad , Muerte Fetal , Mortalidad Infantil , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Edad Materna , Oregon , Embarazo , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
PIP: 2 models are developed to examine fertility behavior in Bangladesh. The 1st model deals with the total number of ever-born children to a couple; the 2nd examines sequential decisions that characterize the desire for an additional child. The "Chicago-Columbia" or "New Home Economics" approach is used, but to the usual economic variables are added sociological and demographic variables; and fertility is examined in relation to the prices of child services consumed as well as a valuation of the mother's time. The data for the study were drawn from a sample of 3088 currently married women respondents to the 1968/69 Impact Survey (an extended KAP survey). The model for completed family size uses 4 endogenous variables: total live births, number of dead children, current income, and female labor force participation; these are examined in terms of 14 exogenous variables, including property ownership, age, literacy, awareness of family planning, rural vs urban, type of family, size of family, and schooling. The model is built on 4 equations with parameters estimated by 2-stage least squares technic and then subjected to multivariate analysis. The model for demand for additional children added 5 exogenous variables including sex of children, desire for children, and perceived need for education of children. This model was examined using standard probit analysis. Interpretation of the 2 models showed that 1) Income was positively related to completed family size but has no effect on desire for additional children; 2) female education, female employment, and cost of fertility control had no effect in either model; 3) Age at marriage had a positive effect on completed family size but none on desire for additional children; 4) Urban women had more live births, but rural women were more likely to want additional children; 5) Sex preference for boys is intense in Bangladesh. The study concludes that: 1) Economic well-being effects fertility; 2) The more adequate couples consider their income, the more likely they are to want more children; 3) Female education and employment have no effect on either completed family size or desire for more children; 4) There are no clear effects of family planning programs on either; and 5) desire for more children decreases as the number of children, particularly sons, increases.^ieng
Asunto(s)
Factores de Edad , Toma de Decisiones , Demografía , Escolaridad , Empleo , Composición Familiar , Fertilidad , Renta , Mortalidad Infantil , Matrimonio , Modelos Teóricos , Mortalidad , Propiedad , Índice de Embarazo , Investigación , Factores Socioeconómicos , Derechos de la Mujer , Asia , Bangladesh , Conducta , Tasa de Natalidad , Países en Desarrollo , Economía , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Planificación en Salud , Análisis Multivariante , Núcleo Familiar , Población , Características de la Población , Dinámica Poblacional , Población Rural , Sexo , Clase Social , Estadística como Asunto , Población UrbanaRESUMEN
PIP: In this 6th in the series of special statistics related to family planning in Singapore for the period 1966-1974, the data are extracted from the Annual Report of the Singapore Family Planning and Population Board and the Annual Report of Births and Deaths and Marriages. Regarding new acceptors of family planning methods, the total figure was 30,410 in 1966 and 18,292 in 1974. 2784 individuals selected the IUD in 1966, but this figure dropped to 87 in 1974. New acceptors of the oral contraceptive numbered 13,985 in 1966 and 10,700 in 1974. For the condom new acceptors totaled 8062 in 1966 and 7245 in 1974. For other methods the number was 5579 in 1966 and 260 in 1974. The number of abortions totaled 5300 in 1970 and 9077 in 1974. The total number of vasectomies was 51 in 1970 and 326 in 1974. Sterilizations performed on women numbered 2310 in 1970 and 9204 in 1974. The fertility rate decreased for all age groups during the period 1966-1974, and the total fertility rate decreased from 4498 in 1966 to 2379 in 1974. The number of live births was 54,680 in 1966 and 43,268 in 1974. The crude birthrate decreased from 28.3 in 1966 to 19.5 in 1974, and the population growth rate decreased from 2.3 to 1.4 for this same period.^ieng
Asunto(s)
Servicios de Planificación Familiar , Planificación en Salud , Dinámica Poblacional , Estadística como Asunto , Aborto Inducido , Asia , Asia Sudoriental , Tasa de Natalidad , Conducta Anticonceptiva , Demografía , Países en Desarrollo , Asia Oriental , Edad Materna , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud , Población , Crecimiento Demográfico , Índice de Embarazo , Singapur , Esterilización ReproductivaRESUMEN
PIP: The demographic situation in Hungary is analyzed by presenting results of 5 different surveys on family planning carried out between 1958-1974. During those 16 years the practice of planning the number of children desired grew. In 1958 only 63 out of 100 women planned the number of children at marriage, and in 1974 98% gave an affirmative reply. The number of children planned by women declined from 2.25 in 1958 to 2.05 in 1966, and then increased to 2.19 in 1974. More and more childless married women want to give birth to a child. In early studies, 66-67% desired a child, and in 1974 83% desired a child. The idea of a family size with 2 children has become the rule in Hungary. In 1958 only 76% of the women used birth control; by 1966 the percentage was 84. 37% in 1958, 44% in 1966, and 26% in 1969 used both contraception and induced abortion. By 1972, 42% of the women interviewed had had an abortion. The use of contraception has increased considerably from 58% in 1958 to 75% in 1974. In 1974, 36% of the women using contraception were taking oral pills and only 7% were using the IUD.^ieng