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Intervención Coronaria Percutánea , Humanos , Intervención Coronaria Percutánea/efectos adversos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Factores de Riesgo , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Medicina Basada en la Evidencia/normas , Toma de Decisiones Clínicas , Isquemia Miocárdica/terapia , Isquemia Miocárdica/diagnóstico , Factores de Tiempo , Ensayos Clínicos como AsuntoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To explore the lifestyle-related characteristics of people having type 2 diabetes mellitus with peripheral neuropathy. METHODS: The phenomenological study was conducted from July 5 to September 18, 2021, at Sadabuan Health Centre, Batunadua Health Centre and Wek 3 Health Centre, Padangsidimpuan, Indonesia, and comprised diabetic neuropathy patients who had cognitive impairment, anxiety and depression. Data was collected using in-depth interviews. Data was analysed using Collaizi's method. RESULTS: There were 8 subjects with mean age 48.38±13,606 years (range: 27-65 years), and mean duration of diabetes was 6±3.207 years. The majority of participants in this study were women 6 (75%). There were 7 themes that emerged from the collected data: level of physical activity, diet, sleep pattern, habit of consuming sweet drinks, smoking habit, social interaction, and self-care. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes mellitus patient with peripheral neuropathy had not been able to completely switch to a healthier lifestyle.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Neuropatías Diabéticas , Ejercicio Físico , Estilo de Vida , Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/psicología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Adulto , Masculino , Neuropatías Diabéticas/psicología , Neuropatías Diabéticas/epidemiología , Indonesia/epidemiología , Anciano , Fumar/epidemiología , Fumar/psicología , Autocuidado/psicología , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Ansiedad/psicología , Sueño , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Dieta , Relaciones Interpersonales , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/epidemiología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/psicología , Disfunción Cognitiva/epidemiología , Disfunción Cognitiva/etiología , Investigación CualitativaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Various strategies aim to better assess risks and refine prevention for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who vary in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, the prognostic value of personality and its association with lifestyle factors remain elusive. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We identified 8794 patients with T2DM from the UK Biobank database between 2006 and 2010 and followed them up until the end of 2021. We assessed personality traits using the Big Five proxies derived from UK Biobank data: sociability, warmth, diligence, curiosity, and nervousness. Healthy lifestyle behaviors were determined from information about obesity, smoking status, and physical activity. The primary outcome was a composite of incident CVD, including myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke (IS), atrial fibrillation (AF), and heart failure (HF). RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 13.6 years, a total of 2110 patients experienced CVDs. Among personality traits, diligence was significantly associated with a reduced risk of primary and secondary outcomes. The adjusted HRs with 95% CIs were: composite CVD, 0.93 (0.89-0.97); MI 0.90 (0.82-1.00); IS 0.83 (0.74-0.94); AF 0.92 (0.85-0.98); HF 0.84 (0.76-0.91). Healthy lifestyle behaviors significantly reduced the risk of composite CVDs in groups with high and low diligence. The findings of a structural equation model showed that diligence directly affected the risk of the primary outcome or indirectly by modifying lifestyle behaviors. CONCLUSION: This study revealed which personality traits can influence CVD risk during T2DM and how patients might benefit from adopting healthy lifestyle behaviors in relation to personality.
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Bancos de Muestras Biológicas , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Estilo de Vida , Personalidad , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/psicología , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/psicología , Reino Unido/epidemiología , Anciano , Estudios de Seguimiento , Estudios de Cohortes , Pronóstico , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Biobanco del Reino UnidoRESUMEN
Los estilos de vida son patrones de hábitos y comportamientos que repercuten en la salud y el bienestar de una persona. Objetivo: Determinar los hábitos de vida de los estudiantes universitarios peruanos y su influencia en su salud física, mental y bienestar emocional. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico en enero de 2020 en una universidad pública de Lima. Se administró un cuestionario de estilos de vida a 199 estudiantes de cinco carreras profesionales. La confiabilidad del cuestionario se estableció mediante el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, el cual fue de 0,9, indicando una alta consistencia interna en cada una de las dimensiones evaluadas. Además, se garantizó el cumplimiento de estrictas normas éticas durante el estudio. Resultados: Del total de la población estudiantil, el 53,26% presentó un estilo de vida no saludable y el 46,73% un estilo de vida saludable, destacando en nutrición y relaciones interpersonales, no así en actividad física y cuidado de la salud. Los estudiantes de Tecnología Médica y Enfermería son más saludables que los de Medicina y Obstetricia. Conclusiones: La adopción de estilos de vida poco saludables puede comprometer seriamente la salud física, mental y social de los estudiantes. Los que muestran comportamientos poco saludables en ámbitos como la responsabilidad por la salud y la actividad física corren el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades no transmisibles. Por otro lado, las escuelas que se inclinan por prácticas saludables tienen el potencial de influir positivamente en la salud de sus alumnos, a diferencia de las que no fomentan estos hábitos
Lifestyles are patterns of habits and behaviors that impact a person's health and well-being. Objective: To determine the lifestyle habits of Peruvian university students and their influence on their physical, mental, and emotional health. Materials and Methods: An analytical crosssectional study was conducted in January 2020 at a public university in Lima. A lifestyle questionnaire was administered to 199 students from five professional programs. The reliability of the questionnaire was established using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which was 0.9, indicating high internal consistency across all evaluated dimensions. Additionally, strict ethical standards were adhered to during the study. Results: Of the total student population, 53.26% had an unhealthy lifestyle and 46.73% had a healthy lifestyle, excelling in nutrition and interpersonal relationships, but not in physical activity and health care. Medical Technology and Nursing students were healthier than those in Medicine and Obstetrics. Conclusions: The adoption of unhealthy lifestyles can seriously compromise students' physical, mental, and social health. Those who exhibit unhealthy behaviors in areas such as health responsibility and physical activity are at risk of developing non-communicable diseases. On the other hand, schools that promote healthy practices have the potential to positively influence their students' health, unlike those that do not encourage these habits
Os estilos de vida são padrões de hábitos e comportamentos que afetam a saúde e o bem-estar de uma pessoa. Objetivo: Determinar os hábitos de vida dos estudantes universitários peruanos e sua influência na saúde física, mental e bem-estar emocional. Materiais e Métodos: Um estudo transversal analítico foi realizado em janeiro de 2020 em uma universidade pública de Lima. Um questionário de estilo de vida foi administrado a 199 estudantes de cinco cursos profissionais. A confiabilidade do questionário foi estabelecida pelo coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, que foi de 0,9, indicando alta consistência interna em cada uma das dimensões avaliadas. Além disso, garantiu-se o cumprimento de normas éticas rigorosas durante o estudo. Resultados: Do total da população estudantil, 53,26% apresentaram um estilo de vida não saudável e 46,73% um estilo de vida saudável, destacando-se em nutrição e relacionamentos interpessoais, mas não em atividade física e cuidados com a saúde. Os estudantes de Tecnologia Médica e Enfermagem são mais saudáveis do que os de Medicina e Obstetrícia. Conclusões: A adoção de estilos de vida pouco saudáveis pode comprometer seriamente a saúde física, mental e social dos estudantes. Aqueles que exibem comportamentos pouco saudáveis em áreas como responsabilidade pela saúde e atividade física correm o risco de desenvolver doenças não transmissíveis. Por outro lado, as escolas que se inclinam para práticas saudáveis têm o potencial de influenciar positivamente a saúde de seus alunos, ao contrário daquelas que não promovem esses hábitos
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Salud Mental , Estilo de Vida Saludable , Salud del EstudianteRESUMEN
Los estilos de vida son patrones de hábitos y comportamientos que repercuten en la salud y el bienestar de una persona. Objetivo: Determinar los hábitos de vida de los estudiantes universitarios peruanos y su influencia en su salud física, mental y bienestar emocional. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico en enero de 2020 en una universidad pública de Lima. Se administró un cuestionario de estilos de vida a 199 estudiantes de cinco carreras profesionales. La confiabilidad del cuestionario se estableció mediante el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, el cual fue de 0,9, indicando una alta consistencia interna en cada una de las dimensiones evaluadas. Además, se garantizó el cumplimiento de estrictas normas éticas durante el estudio. Resultados: Del total de la población estudiantil, el 53,26% presentó un estilo de vida no saludable y el 46,73% un estilo de vida saludable, destacando en nutrición y relaciones interpersonales, no así en actividad física y cuidado de la salud. Los estudiantes de Tecnología Médica y Enfermería son más saludables que los de Medicina y Obstetricia. Conclusiones: La adopción de estilos de vida poco saludables puede comprometer seriamente la salud física, mental y social de los estudiantes. Los que muestran comportamientos poco saludables en ámbitos como la responsabilidad por la salud y la actividad física corren el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades no transmisibles. Por otro lado, las escuelas que se inclinan por prácticas saludables tienen el potencial de influir positivamente en la salud de sus alumnos, a diferencia de las que no fomentan estos hábitos.
Lifestyles are patterns of habits and behaviors that impact a person's health and well-being. Objective: To determine the lifestyle habits of Peruvian university students and their influence on their physical, mental, and emotional health. Materials and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2020 at a public university in Lima. A lifestyle questionnaire was administered to 199 students from five professional programs. The reliability of the questionnaire was established using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which was 0.9, indicating high internal consistency across all evaluated dimensions. Additionally, strict ethical standards were adhered to during the study. Results: Of the total student population, 53.26% had an unhealthy lifestyle and 46.73% had a healthy lifestyle, excelling in nutrition and interpersonal relationships, but not in physical activity and health care. Medical Technology and Nursing students were healthier than those in Medicine and Obstetrics. Conclusions: The adoption of unhealthy lifestyles can seriously compromise students' physical, mental, and social health. Those who exhibit unhealthy behaviors in areas such as health responsibility and physical activity are at risk of developing non-communicable diseases. On the other hand, schools that promote healthy practices have the potential to positively influence their students' health, unlike those that do not encourage these habits.
Os estilos de vida são padrões de hábitos e comportamentos que afetam a saúde e o bem-estar de uma pessoa. Objetivo: Determinar os hábitos de vida dos estudantes universitários peruanos e sua influência na saúde física, mental e bem-estar emocional. Materiais e Métodos: Um estudo transversal analítico foi realizado em janeiro de 2020 em uma universidade pública de Lima. Um questionário de estilo de vida foi administrado a 199 estudantes de cinco cursos profissionais. A confiabilidade do questionário foi estabelecida pelo coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, que foi de 0,9, indicando alta consistência interna em cada uma das dimensões avaliadas. Além disso, garantiu-se o cumprimento de normas éticas rigorosas durante o estudo. Resultados: Do total da população estudantil, 53,26% apresentaram um estilo de vida não saudável e 46,73% um estilo de vida saudável, destacando-se em nutrição e relacionamentos interpessoais, mas não em atividade física e cuidados com a saúde. Os estudantes de Tecnologia Médica e Enfermagem são mais saudáveis do que os de Medicina e Obstetrícia. Conclusões: A adoção de estilos de vida pouco saudáveis pode comprometer seriamente a saúde física, mental e social dos estudantes. Aqueles que exibem comportamentos pouco saudáveis em áreas como responsabilidade pela saúde e atividade física correm o risco de desenvolver doenças não transmissíveis. Por outro lado, as escolas que se inclinam para práticas saudáveis têm o potencial de influenciar positivamente a saúde de seus alunos, ao contrário daquelas que não promovem esses hábitos.
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Introdução:O diabetes mellitustipo 2éuma condição endócrino-metabólica caracterizada pela hiperglicemia crônica decorrente da progressiva perda de sensibilidade periférica à insulina. Com efeito, as mudanças ocorridas nos padrões alimentares e de atividade física nos últimos anos possuem estreita relação com o aumento na prevalência dediabetes mellitus tipo 2mundialmente. Dito isso, é imprescindível a identificação precoce dos hábitos de vida inadequados na população, para que seja possível atuar preventivamente e diminuir os riscos de desenvolvimento da doença. Objetivo:Analisar os fatores de risco e o risco de desenvolvimento de diabetes mellitustipo 2 entre os alunos do curso de medicina, por meio do Escore Finlandês de Risco de Diabetes. Metodologia:Estudo epidemiológico analítico realizado por meio de questionário auto aplicado. As prevalências dos fatores de risco foram calculadas, e o teste do qui-quadrado e/ou Exato de Fisher foram realizados para verificar possível associação dos fatores de risco e o perfil dos entrevistados. 343 estudantes participaram do estudo. Resultados:A pontuação foi de 4,45 na amostra geral, classificado como "risco baixo". Os fatores de risco mais prevalentes foram parentesco com indivíduo portador de diabetes, alimentação não-saudável e sedentarismo. Houve associação entre sexo feminino e sedentarismo e entre sexo masculino e sobrepeso/obesidade. Conclusões:O escore de risco dos estudantes de medicina é considerado baixo e a presença de fatores de risco pode ser associada ao perfil do entrevistado (AU).
Introduction:Diabetes mellitus type 2is an endocrine and metabolic condition characterized by chronic hyperglycemia arising from progressive loss of peripheral sensibility to insulin. Effectively, changes in diet and physical activity in the past years are closely related to the increase in prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2worldwide. Considering that, it is indispensable to perform an early identification of inadequate populational lifestyles in order to allow preventative measures seeking to decrease the development of this disease. Objective:Analyzing the risk factors and risks of developing diabetes mellitus type 2 among the medicine school students through the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score. Methodology:Analytic epidemiologic study through a self-assessment questionnaire. Risk factors prevalence were calculated and the chi-square test and/or the Fisher's exact test were conducted to verify a possible association between risk factors and interviewees' profile. 343 students have participated in the study. Results:Within the general sampling, the final scorewas 4.45, which is classified as "low risk". The most prevalent risk factors were: being related to individuals with diabetes, unhealthy diet, and sedentarism. There was an association of female individuals and sedentarism, and of male individuals and overweight/obesity. Conclusions:The risk score of the medicine school students is considered low and the appearance of risk factors can be associated to the interviewee's profile (AU).
Introducción: El diabetes mellitus clase 2es una condición endocrino-metabólica caracterizada por la hiperglucemia crónica originada por la progresiva pérdida de sensibilidad periférica a la insulina. En efecto, los cambios que ocurren en los estándares alimentarios y de actividad física en los últimos años tienen relación con el aumento de la prevalencia dediabetes mellitus classe 2mundialmente. Por ello, es importante la identificación temprana de los hábitos de vida no adecuados en la población para que se pueda actuar de manera preventiva y disminuir los riesgos de desarrollo de esta enfermedad. Objetivo: Analizar los factores de riesgo y el riesgo del desarrollo de diabetes mellitus clase 2 entre los alumnos del curso de medicina, a través del Score Finlandés de Riesgo de Diabetes. Metodología: Estudios epidemiológico-analíticos hechos a través de encuestas auto aplicadas. Las prevalencias de los factores de riesgo se calculan y el test de chicuadrado y/o Exacto de Fisher serealizan para verificar la posible asociación de los factores de riesgo y el perfil de los entrevistados. 343 estudiantes participan del estudio. Resultados: La puntuación es de 4,45 en la muestra general, clasificado como "riesgo bajo". Los factores de riesgo más prevalentes fueron parentesco con individuo que tiene diabetes, alimentación no sana y sedentarismo. Hubo asociación entre sexo femenino y sedentarismo y entre sexo masculino y sobrepeso/obesidad.Conclusiones: El score de riesgo de los estudiantes de medicina es considerado bajo y la presencia de factores de riesgo puede asociarse al perfil del entrevistado (AU).
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudiantes de Medicina , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/patología , Estilo de Vida , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Epidemiológicos , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Estudios Transversales/métodos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Factores de Riesgo , Conducta AlimentariaRESUMEN
Background: Unhealthy life-style leads to mental ill-health and poor quality of life and is the major determinant of a wide range of lifestyle disorders. The aim was to 1) review the work relating to life style modification for promoting mental health and 2) Present recommendations on life-style modification for mental health and wellbeing. Material and Methods: The work on life style changes for promotion of mental health was retrieved from the scientific literature and critically reviewed. Conclusions: Recommendations on 'Life-style modification for mental health and wellbeing' are presented. 20 specific components of healthy life style included are: Routine, time management, prayer, basic activities, reading newspaper, study/work, exercise, recreation/ relaxation/ talent promotion, education, cognitive activities, social networking, guidelines for behavior, peer group, social group, marriage/family, life skills, physical health, health education, mobile use, and digital media. The lifestyle modification package is comprehensive and geared to promote mental health and well-being.
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BACKGROUND: Although several studies have attempted to identify coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors, few have explored the association between lifestyle-related factors and the severity of coronary artery stenosis. The present study was designed to assess the association between a combination of lifestyle, dietary, cardiometabolic, psychological, and mental factors, and CAD severity in adults undergoing angiography. METHODS: This cross-sectional study aimed to recruit a total of 700 patients (aged 35 to 75 years) who met the inclusion criteria and were referred for angiography between July 2020 and November 2021 to Afshar Hospital, a central heart disease hospital in Yazd city, Iran. To assess the presence and intensity of CAD, we used the Gensini and SYNTAX scores. Biochemical factors were measured using standard kits from serum samples, and extra serum and whole blood samples were retained for further analyses. Data on general information, dietary food and supplement intake, eating habits, medicinal herbs consumption, psychological and mental state, sleep quality, and other variables were gathered by trained interviewers using specific questionnaires. RESULTS: In total, 720 participants (444 males and 276 females) aged 56.57±9.78 years were included in the current study. Moderate to severe coronary artery stenosis was prevalent in 47.0% and 17.9% of participants based on Gensini and SYNTAX scores, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results of this study will enhance our understanding of the association between different risk factors and the severity of coronary artery stenosis.
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INTRODUCTION: Several robust epidemiological studies suggest that men are often engaged in sexual relationships with younger women with a variable, age-dependent age difference. However, the ageing process determines a significant worsening of the andrological status, which favors the onset of erectile dysfunction and hypogonadism. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the effects of differences in age between the partners [delta (Δ) age (M - F)] on patients referring to the Andrology Unit of Careggi University Hospital for male sexual dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A monocentre cohort of 4055 male subjects was evaluated by SIEDY structured interview. The cross-sectional analysis assessed the psychobiological and relational correlates. The rate of forthcoming major cardiovascular events (MACE) was investigated in the longitudinal analysis. All the models have been adjusted for age, education, lifestyle, and chronic disease score. RESULTS: ∆ age (M-F) shows a stepwise increase, according to the increasing age bands of the male partner. ∆ age (M-F) was associated with a greater number of children, at the cost of more conflictual relationships within the family. The phenotype of these relationships is characterized by the report of a partner with a higher sexual desire and a higher ability to reach climax. Men seeking a younger partner show more often a histrionic personality (p = 0.023) and higher testosterone levels (p = 0.032). However, having a younger partner doesn't improve the ability to obtain a full erection. Kaplan-Maier analysis of a longitudinal subgroup of patients followed longitudinally (N = 1402) for 4.3 ± 2,59 years, showed that patients in the fourth quartile had a higher rate of forthcoming MACE versus those in the first quartile (p = 0.005). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In subjects with sexual dysfunctions (as in the general population) age-different relationships increase as a function of male ageing. A greater Δ age (M-F) is associated with specific men and relationship features and a higher risk of MACE.
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The incidence of diabetes, including type 2 diabetes (T2DM), is increasing sharply worldwide. To reverse this, more effective approaches in prevention and treatment are needed. In our review, we sought to summarize normal insulin action and the pathways that primarily influence the development of T2DM. Normal insulin action involves mitogenic and metabolic pathways, as both are important in normal metabolic processes, regeneration, etc. However, through excess energy, both can be hyperactive or attenuated/inactive leading to disturbances in the cellular and systemic regulation with the consequence of cellular stress and systemic inflammation. In this review, we detailed the beneficial molecular changes caused by some important components of nutrition and by exercise, which act in the same molecular targets as the developed drugs, and can revert the damaged pathways. Moreover, these induce entire networks of regulatory mechanisms and proteins to restore unbalanced homeostasis, proving their effectiveness as preventive and complementary therapies. These are the main steps for success in prevention and treatment of developed diseases to rid the body of excess energy, both from stored fats and from overnutrition, while facilitating fat burning with adequate, regular exercise in healthy people, and together with necessary drug treatment as required in patients with insulin resistance and T2DM.
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Terapias Complementarias , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Resistencia a la Insulina , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevención & control , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Terapias Complementarias/métodos , Animales , Ejercicio Físico , Insulina/metabolismoRESUMEN
The development of premalignant colorectal polyps is significantly influenced by various lifestyle and modifiable risk factors. In our study, we used a large cohort of 9025 patients, who underwent screening colonoscopies at a university hospital, to assess the risk factors associated with the development of three different colorectal cancer precursor lesions: non-advanced adenomas (NAs), advanced adenomatous lesions (ADLs), and sessile serrated lesions (SSLs). Among the participants, 3641 had NAs, 836 had ADLs, and 533 had SSLs. We identified obesity, current smoking, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass as modifiable lifestyle risk factors that increase the development of NAs and ADLs (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between the degree of obesity and an increased risk of developing NAs and ADLs (all P for trend < 0.001), while non-smoking was associated with a decreased risk (P for trend < 0.001 and 0.003, respectively). Smoking was the only modifiable risk factor for developing SSLs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20-2.07), and the risk was even higher in patients with metabolic syndrome (aOR 1.71; 95% CI 1.05-2.77). Addressing modifiable lifestyle factors such as smoking and obesity could play an important role in reducing the risk of both non-advanced and advanced adenomatous lesions. Smoking cessation is especially important as it is a significant modifiable risk factor for sessile serrated lesions.
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Adenoma , Colonoscopía , Neoplasias Colorrectales , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Adenoma/epidemiología , Adenoma/etiología , Adenoma/patología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/epidemiología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/etiología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/diagnóstico , Anciano , Obesidad/complicaciones , Fumar/efectos adversos , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Pólipos del Colon/patología , Pólipos del Colon/epidemiología , Pólipos del Colon/diagnóstico , Lesiones Precancerosas/patología , Lesiones Precancerosas/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The effect of lifestyle factors on cognitive function related to four major noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases, and the relationship between these NCDs and cognitive function have not been fully studied. We aimed to investigate the longitudinal associations between these NCDs and cognitive function in middle-aged and older people, and the combined effects of lifestyle factors. METHODS: By employing the data from three large-scale cohort studies from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (2010-2019), English Longitudinal Study of Aging (2014-2019), and China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2019), this study carried out a multi-cohort analysis to 77, 210 participants. Fixed-effects regression models were used to examine associations between NCD status and cognitive function. Margin plots were used to illustrate the effect of lifestyle factors. RESULTS: Our findings revealed the dose-dependent association between mounting these NCDs and declining cognitive performance, ranging from one NCD (ß = -0.05, 95 % CI: -0.08 to -0.02) to four NCDs (ß = -0.51, 95 % CI: -0.75 to -0.28). Decline in cognitive function associated with NCDs was exacerbated with physical inactivity, current smoking status, and an increase in unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. LIMITATIONS: The observational study design precludes causal interrogation of lifestyles and four NCDs on cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS: An increasing number of these NCDs were dose-dependently associated with the decline in cognitive function score. Unhealthy lifestyle factors expedite decline in cognitive function linked to these NCDs.
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Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Cognición , Comparación Transcultural , Diabetes Mellitus , Estilo de Vida , Multimorbilidad , Neoplasias , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiología , Estudios Longitudinales , Neoplasias/epidemiología , Neoplasias/psicología , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Enfermedad Crónica/epidemiología , China/epidemiología , Enfermedades Respiratorias/epidemiología , Enfermedades Respiratorias/psicología , Disfunción Cognitiva/epidemiología , Anciano de 80 o más AñosAsunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Dieta , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Humanos , Femenino , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/microbiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , Embarazo , Dieta/efectos adversos , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/microbiología , Animales , Fenómenos Fisiologicos Nutricionales MaternosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This study explores socioeconomic differences in acceptability and preferences for policies that aim to reduce socioeconomic health inequalities. The investigated policies range from structural policies, requiring no individual agency, to agentic policies, which depend on the individual agency for behaviour change. METHODS: An online, cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1182 participants, stratified by education and representative of Dutch adults (aged 25-65) for age and gender. Across 31 policies, including structural socioeconomic policies, structural housing and neighbourhood policies, structural and agento-structural behavioural policies (facilitating behaviour) and agentic policies (focusing on information provision for behaviour change), acceptability was measured on a 7-point scale, preferences were measured using participants' top-5 policy choices. Regression analyses examined socioeconomic differences in acceptability and preferences based on education and income, controlling for age, gender, receiving welfare, and employment. RESULTS: People in lower socioeconomic positions were more likely to accept and favour structural socioeconomic policies, whereas those in higher socioeconomic positions were more likely to accept and favour structural housing and neighbourhood, structural and agento-structural behavioural, and agentic policies. Socioeconomic differences were the largest for agentic policies. Overall, 83.3% preferred at least one structural socioeconomic policy, while only 32% preferred an agentic policy. Most preferred was eliminating taxes on fruits and vegetables, (preferred by 41.4%), and least preferred was a campaign promoting healthy nutrition (preferred by 3.9%). CONCLUSIONS: These socioeconomic differences in policy support underscore the need for inclusive policymaking processes. Including the perspectives of people in lower socioeconomic positions helps to ensure that their needs are met.
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This editorial builds on the article titled "Establishment and validation of an adherence prediction system for lifestyle interventions in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease" by Zeng et al. We carried out a critical examination of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis and how lifestyle interventions could facilitate disease resolution, particularly highlighting that non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severe form of NAFLD. Our discussion details that weight loss is a pivotal factor in disease outcomes: A 3%-5% reduction is enough for resolution in 50% of non-obese individuals, while a 7%-10% reduction achieves similar benefits in obese individuals, as demonstrated by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Additionally, the editorial underscores that such lifestyle changes are instrumental not only in resolving NAFLD but also in reversing hepatic steatosis and inflammation. These insights, derived from the research, emphasize the critical role of personalized lifestyle modifications in halting the progression of NAFLD to NASH and even reversing fibrosis, thus offering a template for effective patient management.
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Progresión de la Enfermedad , Estilo de Vida , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico , Pérdida de Peso , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/terapia , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/diagnóstico , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/etiología , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/patología , Humanos , Obesidad/diagnóstico , Obesidad/complicaciones , Hígado/patología , Conducta de Reducción del Riesgo , Cirrosis Hepática/terapia , Cirrosis Hepática/patología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Background/Aims: Chronic constipation is an important public health problem and significantly affects women's lives. It is important to investigate non-pharmacological applications that can be used in the treatment of chronic constipation. The aim is to assess how abdominal massage and kinesio taping impact constipation severity, quality of life (QOL), and perception of subjective improvement in women with chronic constipation. Methods: Following Rome IV diagnostic criteria, women with constipation were randomly sorted into three distinct groups for study: massage group (lifestyle recommendations+abdominal massage, n:22), taping group (lifestyle recommendations+kinesio taping, n:22), and control group (lifestyle recommendations, n:22). Constipation Severity Instrument (CSI) (for constipation severity), 7 days bowel diary (for bowel function), Patient Assessment of Constipation QOL (PAC-QOL) questionnaire (for QOL), 4-item Likert-type scale (for perception of subjective improvement) was used. Results: The group x time interaction effect was significant in all CSI, bowel diary and PAC-QQL parameters, except for incomplete evacuation and PAC-QOL-worries/concerns, and a large effect size was found (Partial η2 > 0.14). Improvement scores of all parameters (except CSI-obstructive defecation, incomplete evacuation, PAC-QOL-worries/concerns) were similar in the massage and taping groups and were better than the control group. Noteworthy perceptions of subjective improvement and normalization of stool type predominantly manifested in the massage group (p<0.05). Conslusion: Abdominal massage and kinesio taping are recommended as initial conservative interventions for managing chronic constipation within the therapeutic spectrum.
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Objectives: This study aimed to clarify the nature of cold sensitivity in female nurses working in hospitals in Japan. Design: A cross-sectional post survey research design. Settings: The questionnaire targeted nurses working in 14 hospitals across ten prefectures throughout Japan. Participants: 1,138 female nurses. Methods: The survey captured participants' characteristics, work environment, health, and lifestyle. The factors investigated were perceived cold sensitivity, cold sensitivity according to the Hiesho Sensation Scale, and cold sensitivity during nursing care. The Diagnostic Inventory of Health and Life Habits (DIHAL.2) assessed health and lifestyle habits. Results: Of the respondents, 44.3 % were aware of daily cold sensitivity and 21.4 % had a cold sensitivity disorder. The majority of respondents (63.1 %) felt cold in their hands when providing nursing care, and 28.1 % felt discomfort due to the coldness of their hands. Individuals diagnosed with cold sensitivity disorders exhibited poorer overall health compared to those without such disorders. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the overall health status between individuals who reported perceiving cold sensitivity and those who did not. The group with perceived cold sensitivity had significantly lower scores on exercise behavior, meal regularity, rest, sleep regularity, and sleep sufficiency. The proportion of female nurses working in Japanese hospitals who experienced cold sensitivity was similar to that of Japanese women with the same sensitivity. Most female nurses experienced cold in their hands while providing care. Nearly 30 % of the respondents experienced discomfort owing to cold hands. Conclusions: The study underscores the widespread issue of cold sensitivity among female nurses in Japanese hospitals, emphasizing the critical need for targeted interventions to improve their comfort and optimize care provision.
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INTRODUCTION: The Look AHEAD randomized clinical trial reported that an 8-year intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) compared with diabetes support and education (DSE) in adults aged 45-76 years with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity delayed kidney disease progression. Here, we report long-term post-intervention follow-up for the trial's secondary outcome of kidney disease. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We examined effects of ILI (n=2570) versus DSE (n=2575) on decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) to <45 mL/min/1.73 m2 or need for kidney replacement therapy (KRT: dialysis or kidney transplant) during intervention and post-intervention follow-up (median 15.6 years overall). RESULTS: Incidence of eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73 m2 was lower in ILI during the intervention (HR=0.80, 95% CI=0.66 to 0.98) but not post-intervention (HR=1.03, 0.86 to 1.23) or overall (HR=0.92, 0.80 to 1.04). There were no significant treatment group differences in KRT. In prespecified subgroup analyses, age×treatment interactions were significant over total follow-up: p=0.001 for eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73 m2 and p=0.01 for KRT. The 2205 participants aged >60 years at baseline had benefit in both kidney outcomes during intervention and overall (HR=0.75, 0.62 to 0.90 for eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73 m2; HR=0.62, 0.43 to 0.91 for KRT). The absolute treatment effects were greater post-intervention: ILI reduced the rate of eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73 m2 by 0.46 and 0.76 cases/100 person-years during and post-intervention, respectively; and reduced KRT by 0.15 and 0.21 cases/100 person-years. The younger participants experienced no such post-intervention benefits. CONCLUSIONS: ILI reduced kidney disease progression during and following the active intervention in persons aged ≥60 years. ILI should be considered for reducing kidney disease incidence in older persons with type 2 diabetes.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Tasa de Filtración Glomerular , Estilo de Vida , Obesidad , Sobrepeso , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Obesidad/terapia , Sobrepeso/terapia , Sobrepeso/complicaciones , Estudios de Seguimiento , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Nefropatías Diabéticas/terapia , Nefropatías Diabéticas/prevención & control , Nefropatías Diabéticas/etiología , Nefropatías Diabéticas/epidemiología , Conducta de Reducción del Riesgo , PronósticoRESUMEN
Metabolic syndrome is one of the most common health problems for people around the world. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adults without prior diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. We also plan to assess the influence of certain lifestyle components on prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The study involved cardiovascularly healthy patients undergoing lab tests, measurements, and the HLPCQ questionnaire (The Healthy Lifestyle and Personal Control Questionnaire). The data were used to diagnose metabolic syndrome. Out of 1044 patients from 10 primary care facilities, 23.3% met the metabolic syndrome criteria, showing a strong link with increased blood pressure, cholesterol, and fasting glucose. Lower scores in the Organized physical exercise subscale of the HLPCQ questionnaire were noted in those with metabolic syndrome. Comparing the subscale of HLPCQ questionnaire, the lower results in Organized physical exercise subscale were found among the participants with metabolic syndrome, both male and females. Metabolic syndrome, a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, should be screened for actively, even in apparently healthy populations. Results obtained in our study from analysis of HLPCQ show that screening for metabolic syndrome should be preceded by prevention based on regular physical activity and proper eating habits.