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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Recent studies have suggested that right- and left-sided colorectal cancers (CRCs) are molecularly distinct. In this study, we examined the association between the risk of right- and left-sided CRC and drug use to estimate their chemopreventive effects METHODS: This multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted using the data of hospitalized patients between 2014 and 2019 from nine hospital databases. The primary outcomes were right- and left-sided CRC. We evaluated the association of CRCs with drug use and clinical factors. Odds ratios adjusted for age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index scores, and smoking status were calculated. We also compared the transcriptional profiling in precancerous lesions, including sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) RESULTS: A total of 307,938 patients, including 2745 with right-sided CRC and 4819 with left-sided CRC, were analyzed. The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, and steroids was associated with a lower risk of both right- and left-sided CRCs. In contrast, statins, other lipid-lowering agents, and metformin were associated with a lower risk of left-sided CRC. Transcriptomic analysis showed that SSL, which predominantly develops in the right colon, was associated with a lower expression of lipid metabolism-related genes. CONCLUSIONS: Targeting lipid metabolism may be useful for chemoprevention of left-sided CRCs, while development of right-sided CRCs may be independent of this pathway.

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BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for 9.4% of overall cancer deaths, ranking second after lung cancer. Despite the large number of factors tested to predict their outcome, most patients with similar variables show big differences in survival. Moreover, right-sided CRC (RCRC) and left-sided CRC (LCRC) patients exhibit large differences in outcome after surgical intervention as assessed by preoperative blood leukocyte status. We hypothesised that stronger indexes than circulating (blood) leukocyte ratios to predict RCRC and LCRC patient outcomes will result from combining both circulating and infiltrated (tumour/peritumour fixed tissues) concentrations of leukocytes. AIM: To seek variables involving leukocyte balances in peripheral blood and tumour tissues and to predict the outcome of CRC patients. METHODS: Sixty-five patients diagnosed with colon adenocarcinoma by the Digestive Surgery Service of the La Paz University Hospital (Madrid, Spain) were enrolled in this study: 43 with RCRC and 22 with LCRC. Patients were followed-up from January 2017 to March 2021 to record overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) after surgical interventions. Leukocyte concentrations in peripheral blood were determined by routine laboratory protocols. Paraffin-fixed samples of tumour and peritumoural tissues were assessed for leukocyte concentrations by immunohistochemical detection of CD4, CD8, and CD14 marker expression. Ratios of leukocyte concentration in blood and tissues were calculated and evaluated for their predictor values for OS and RFS with Spearman correlations and Cox univariate and multivariate proportional hazards regression, followed by the calculation of the receiver-operating characteristic and area under the curve (AUC) and the determination of Youden's optimal cutoff values for those variables that significantly correlated with either RCRC or LCRC patient outcomes. RCRC patients from the cohort were randomly assigned to modelling and validation sets, and clinician-friendly nomograms were developed to predict OS and RFS from the respective significant indexes. The accuracy of the model was evaluated using calibration and validation plots. RESULTS: The relationship of leukocyte ratios in blood and peritumour resulted in six robust predictors of worse OS in RCRC: CD8+ lymphocyte content in peritumour (CD8pt, AUC = 0.585, cutoff < 8.250, P = 0.0077); total lymphocyte content in peritumour (CD4CD8pt, AUC = 0.550, cutoff < 10.160, P = 0.0188); lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in peritumour (LMRpt, AUC = 0.807, cutoff < 3.185, P = 0.0028); CD8+ LMR in peritumour (CD8MRpt, AUC = 0.757, cutoff < 1.650, P = 0.0007); the ratio of blood LMR to LMR in peritumour (LMRb/LMRpt, AUC = 0.672, cutoff > 0.985, P = 0.0244); and the ratio of blood LMR to CD8+ LMR in peritumour (LMRb/CD8MRpt, AUC = 0.601, cutoff > 1.485, P = 0.0101). In addition, three robust predictors of worse RFS in RCRC were found: LMRpt (AUC = 0.737, cutoff < 3.185, P = 0.0046); LMRb/LMRpt (AUC = 0.678, cutoff > 0.985, P = 0.0155) and LMRb/CD8MRpt (AUC = 0.615, cutoff > 1.485, P = 0.0141). Furthermore, the ratio of blood LMR to CD4+ LMR in peritumour (LMRb/CD4MRpt, AUC = 0.786, cutoff > 10.570, P = 0.0416) was found to robustly predict poorer OS in LCRC patients. The nomograms showed moderate accuracy in predicting OS and RFS in RCRC patients, with concordance index of 0.600 and 0.605, respectively. CONCLUSION: Easily obtainable variables at preoperative consultation, defining the status of leukocyte balances between peripheral blood and peritumoural tissues, are robust predictors for OS and RFS of both RCRC and LCRC patients.

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PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 2 (PHLPP2) belongs to the phosphokinase family, that has been reported to play an important role in several cancers. However, the expression of PHLPP2 and its correlation with clinicopathologic characteristics in colorectal cancer (CRC) have yet to be determined. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of PHLPP2 and explore its role in CRC. The expression of PHLPP2, PTEN, PI3KCA, and PI3KCB in 130 cases of CRC and normal tissues was assessed by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the expression of PHLPP2, PTEN, PI3KCA, and PI3KCB in 32 pairs of CRC tissues and their corresponding normal tissues was determined by RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. PHLPP2 expression in CRC was significantly lower than that of normal tissues. However, PHLPP2 mRNA shows no significant difference between CRC and normal tissue. PTEN expression in left colorectal cancer (LCC) was absent, while PI3KCA and PI3KCB in right colorectal cancer (RCC) were significantly higher than those in LCC. PHLPP2 was negatively correlated with p-Akt1 in CRC. The expression of p-Akt1 in PHLPP2 (+)/PTEN (+) in CRC tissues was significantly lower than that in other groups. PHLPP2 expression was correlated with differentiation, invasion, and lymph node metastasis. Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate analysis reveal that PHLPP2 is closely related to prognosis; more importantly, it is an independent prognostic factor for CRC. In conclusion, PHLPP2 may play a major role in the development, metastasis, and prognosis of CRC.

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Objective To evaluate the emergency treatment strategy of acute intestinal obstruction induced by left colorectal cancer.Methods 50 patients with acute intestinal obstruction caused by left colorectal cancer were selected as the research subjects .The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed .Results Of 50 patients,6 cases of postoperative incision infection occurred in phase I excision anastomosis surgery ,no anastomotic fistula.21 cases received ileus tube decompression and phase I excision anastomosis of incision ,there were no postoperative complica-tions.50 patients recovered after surgery , no patients died in the follow-up.Conclusion For acute intestinal obstruction caused by left half colon cancer ,the method ofⅠ resection and heal surgery is the most safe ,and can be used as the preferred way to make a diagnosis and treatment ,but for patients can't tolerance emergency surgery,need the help of colonoscopy,through anal insertion catheter colon decompression and lavage and clean the dirt .

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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to compare postoperative complications for single-stage surgery after mechanical bowel preparation in patients who experienced obstruction and those who did not. METHODS: From 2000 to 2011, 1,224 patients underwent a single-stage operation for left colorectal cancer after bowel preparation. Nonobstruction (NOB) and obstruction (OB) colorectal cancer patients were 1,053 (86.0%) and 171 (14.0%), respectively. Postoperative morbidity and mortality were compared between groups. RESULTS: The OB group had poor preoperative conditions (age, white blood cell, hemoglobin, albumin level, and advanced tumor stage) compared with the NOB group (P < 0.05). Mean on-table lavage time for the OB group was 17.5 minutes (range, 14-60 minutes). Mean operation time for the OB group was statistically longer than that of the NOB group (OB: 210 minutes; range, 120-480 minutes vs. NOB: 180 minutes; range, 60-420 minutes; P < 0.001). Overall morbidity was similar between groups (NOB: 19.7% vs. OB: 23.4%, P = 0.259). Major morbidity was more common in the OB group than in the NOB group, but the difference was without significance (OB: 11.7% vs. NOB: 7.6%, P = 0.070). Postoperative death occurred in 16 patients (1.3%), and death in the OB group (n = 7) was significantly higher than it was in the NOB group (n = 9) (4.1% vs. 0.9%, P = 0.001). Twelve patients had surgical complications, which were the leading cause of postoperative death: postoperative bleeding in five patients and leakage in seven patients. CONCLUSION: Postoperative morbidity for a single-stage operation for obstructive left colorectal cancer is comparable to that for NOB, regardless of poor conditions of the patient.

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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to compare postoperative complications for single-stage surgery after mechanical bowel preparation in patients who experienced obstruction and those who did not. METHODS: From 2000 to 2011, 1,224 patients underwent a single-stage operation for left colorectal cancer after bowel preparation. Nonobstruction (NOB) and obstruction (OB) colorectal cancer patients were 1,053 (86.0%) and 171 (14.0%), respectively. Postoperative morbidity and mortality were compared between groups. RESULTS: The OB group had poor preoperative conditions (age, white blood cell, hemoglobin, albumin level, and advanced tumor stage) compared with the NOB group (P < 0.05). Mean on-table lavage time for the OB group was 17.5 minutes (range, 14-60 minutes). Mean operation time for the OB group was statistically longer than that of the NOB group (OB: 210 minutes; range, 120-480 minutes vs. NOB: 180 minutes; range, 60-420 minutes; P < 0.001). Overall morbidity was similar between groups (NOB: 19.7% vs. OB: 23.4%, P = 0.259). Major morbidity was more common in the OB group than in the NOB group, but the difference was without significance (OB: 11.7% vs. NOB: 7.6%, P = 0.070). Postoperative death occurred in 16 patients (1.3%), and death in the OB group (n = 7) was significantly higher than it was in the NOB group (n = 9) (4.1% vs. 0.9%, P = 0.001). Twelve patients had surgical complications, which were the leading cause of postoperative death: postoperative bleeding in five patients and leakage in seven patients. CONCLUSION: Postoperative morbidity for a single-stage operation for obstructive left colorectal cancer is comparable to that for NOB, regardless of poor conditions of the patient.

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PURPOSE: Many reports have described significantly lower survival rates for patients with obstructing colorectal cancer than for patients with non-obstructing colorectal cancer. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the long-term prognosis of patients with obstructing carcinomas of the left colon and rectum and to identify the clinical and pathologic characteristics that affect the prognosis. METHODS: From June 1996 to October 2003, 46 patients with obstructing left colon and rectal cancer underwent curative surgery (case group), and from the patients with non- obstructing left colon and rectal cancer who had curative surgery, 48 patients with clinicopathologic characteristics similar to those of the case group were selected and matched as a control group. A comparative analysis of demographic, clinical, and pathologic characteristics, the recurrence rate, and the long-term survival rate between these two groups was done. RESULTS: Emergency operations were done more frequently for obstructing cancer than for non-obstructing cancer (P=0.0001), and more patients with obstructing cancer presented to non-specialists (P=0.0001). The overall recurrence rate was significantly higher in obstructing cancer patients than in non-obstructing cancer patients. Further, the 5-year overall and the disease-free survival rates were significantly lower in obstructing cancer patients when examining either overall patient outcome or stage-III patients outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The long-term prognosis of patients with obstructing carcinomas of the left colon and rectum is poor. We suggest that the poor general condition of patients with obstructing cancer, the increased number of emergency operations involving those patients, and more patients with obstructing cancer presenting to non-specialists may contribute to poor long-term prognosis for obstructing cancer patients.

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