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The feeding habit of lane snapper Lutjanus synagris was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, related to seasonality, its ontogenetic development, and the relationship between food and biotic and abiotic conditions on the Amazon Coast of Maranhão, between June 2018 and May 2019. Numerical, gravimetric, and ecological index methods were used to show the relative importance or preference of a category or food item in the diet. The food composition was studied related to the sex, size of the predator and seasonality. Of 359 stomachs sampled, 54 were empty due to regurgitation and presented a vacuity coefficient (Cv%) of 15.04%. In the analysis of diets between the sexes, it was possible to identify a greater participation of fish (30.43%) and Crabs (26.10%) for females, Shrimp (36.23%) and Organic Matter Not Identified (OMNI) (18.84%) in males. The diet showed spatial differences in length distributions. The analysis of stomach contents showed the presence synthetic materials (mesoplastics ranging from 5.0 mm to 2.5 cm) in 5.52% of the samples. The main food items found were from the Brachyura and Caridea species. The results clearly demonstrate that lane snapper prefers benthic prey, presenting a carnivorous and generalist-opportunistic habit. Its diet is also composed of demersal-pelagic species, such as Cephalopods and Teleost fish.(AU)

O hábito alimentar do ariacó Lutjanus synagris foi analisado qualitativamente e quantitativamente, relacionados à sazonalidade, seu desenvolvimento ontogenético e a relação entre alimento e condições bióticas e abióticas na Costa Amazônica do Maranhão, entre junho 2018 e maio de 2019. Métodos numéricos, gravimétricos e índices ecológicos foram usados para mostrar a importância ou preferência relativa de uma determinada categoria ou item alimentar na dieta. Foi analisada a variação na composição alimentar em relação ao sexo, tamanho do predador e sazonalidade. Dos 359 estômagos amostrados, 54 estavam vazios por regurgitação e apresentaram coeficiente de vacuidade (Cv%) de 15,04%. Na análise das dietas entre os sexos, foi possível identificar uma maior participação de peixes (30,43%) e caranguejos (26,10%) para fêmeas, camarões (36,23%) e Material Orgânico Não Identificado (OMNI) (18,84%) nos machos. A dieta da espécie mostrou diferenças espaciais particulares nas distribuições de comprimento. A análise do conteúdo estomacal mostrou presença materiais sintéticos (mesoplásticos variando de 5 mm a 2,5 cm) em 5,52% das amostras. Os principais itens alimentares encontrados foram de espécies dos grupos Brachyura e Caridea. Os resultados claramente demonstram que o ariacó tem preferência por presas bentônicas, apresentando hábitos carnívoro e...(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The feeding habit of lane snapper Lutjanus synagris was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, related to seasonality, its ontogenetic development, and the relationship between food and biotic and abiotic conditions on the Amazon Coast of Maranhão, between June 2018 and May 2019. Numerical, gravimetric, and ecological index methods were used to show the relative importance or preference of a category or food item in the diet. The food composition was studied related to the sex, size of the predator and seasonality. Of 359 stomachs sampled, 54 were empty due to regurgitation and presented a vacuity coefficient (Cv%) of 15.04%. In the analysis of diets between the sexes, it was possible to identify a greater participation of fish (30.43%) and Crabs (26.10%) for females, Shrimp (36.23%) and Organic Matter Not Identified (OMNI) (18.84%) in males. The diet showed spatial differences in length distributions. The analysis of stomach contents showed the presence synthetic materials (mesoplastics ranging from 5.0 mm to 2.5 cm) in 5.52% of the samples. The main food items found were from the Brachyura and Caridea species. The results clearly demonstrate that lane snapper prefers benthic prey, presenting a carnivorous and generalist-opportunistic habit. Its diet is also composed of demersal-pelagic species, such as Cephalopods and Teleost fish.

O hábito alimentar do ariacó Lutjanus synagris foi analisado qualitativamente e quantitativamente, relacionados à sazonalidade, seu desenvolvimento ontogenético e a relação entre alimento e condições bióticas e abióticas na Costa Amazônica do Maranhão, entre junho 2018 e maio de 2019. Métodos numéricos, gravimétricos e índices ecológicos foram usados para mostrar a importância ou preferência relativa de uma determinada categoria ou item alimentar na dieta. Foi analisada a variação na composição alimentar em relação ao sexo, tamanho do predador e sazonalidade. Dos 359 estômagos amostrados, 54 estavam vazios por regurgitação e apresentaram coeficiente de vacuidade (Cv%) de 15,04%. Na análise das dietas entre os sexos, foi possível identificar uma maior participação de peixes (30,43%) e caranguejos (26,10%) para fêmeas, camarões (36,23%) e Material Orgânico Não Identificado (OMNI) (18,84%) nos machos. A dieta da espécie mostrou diferenças espaciais particulares nas distribuições de comprimento. A análise do conteúdo estomacal mostrou presença materiais sintéticos (mesoplásticos variando de 5 mm a 2,5 cm) em 5,52% das amostras. Os principais itens alimentares encontrados foram de espécies dos grupos Brachyura e Caridea. Os resultados claramente demonstram que o ariacó tem preferência por presas bentônicas, apresentando hábitos carnívoro e...

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This paper proposes the use of the Statistical Process Control (SPC), more specifically, the Exponentially Weighted Moving Average method, for the monitoring of drivers using approaches based on the vehicle and the driver's behavior. Based on the SPC, we propose a method for the lane departure detection; a method for detecting sudden driver movements; and a method combined with computer vision to detect driver fatigue. All methods consider information from sensors scattered by the vehicle. The results showed the efficiency of the methods in the identification and detection of unwanted driver actions, such as sudden movements, lane departure, and driver fatigue. Lane departure detection obtained results of up to 76.92% (without constant speed) and 84.16% (speed maintained at ≈60). Furthermore, sudden movements detection obtained results of up to 91.66% (steering wheel) and 94.44% (brake). The driver fatigue has been detected in up to 94.46% situations.

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In 2015, a controversial bicycle lane was installed on Paulista Avenue -a thoroughfare in the heart of the megacity of São Paulo with a high rate of motorised vehicles. For the first time, on-bicycle air pollution concentrations were assessed along this lane using black carbon (BC) as an indicator of fossil fuel combustion. We measured BC concentrations with a hand-held microaethalometer at a high temporal resolution, enabling the capture of fine spatial gradients along the route. Although this new link expanded the city's cycling network, our pioneering study showed that BC concentrations were large (mean 8.5 µg m-3) with extreme values reaching 24.0 µg m-3, comparable to concentrations found in many megacities. In agreement with other studies, we observed that concentrations decreased about 1.6 times on a section of the bicycle lane running through a calmer neighbourhood, which could indicate the potential to safeguard the health of cyclists by installing lanes with greater separation from main roads, such as Paulista Avenue. This pilot work paves the way to more detailed studies aiming to map out the spatial distribution of other traffic-related pollutants across the city's 458-km long bicycle network.

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Lane detection for traffic surveillance in intelligent transportation systems is a challenge for vision-based systems. In this paper, a novel pixel-entropy based algorithm for the automatic detection of the number of lanes and their centers, as well as the formation of their division lines is proposed. Using as input a video from a static camera, each pixel behavior in the gray color space is modeled by a time series; then, for a time period τ , its histogram followed by its entropy are calculated. Three different types of theoretical pixel-entropy behaviors can be distinguished: (1) the pixel-entropy at the lane center shows a high value; (2) the pixel-entropy at the lane division line shows a low value; and (3) a pixel not belonging to the road has an entropy value close to zero. From the road video, several small rectangle areas are captured, each with only a few full rows of pixels. For each pixel of these areas, the entropy is calculated, then for each area or row an entropy curve is produced, which, when smoothed, has as many local maxima as lanes and one more local minima than lane division lines. For the purpose of testing, several real traffic scenarios under different weather conditions with other moving objects were used. However, these background objects, which are out of road, were filtered out. Our algorithm, compared to others based on trajectories of vehicles, shows the following advantages: (1) the lowest computational time for lane detection (only 32 s with a traffic flow of one vehicle/s per-lane); and (2) better results under high traffic flow with congestion and vehicle occlusion. Instead of detecting road markings, it forms lane-dividing lines. Here, the entropies of Shannon and Tsallis were used, but the entropy of Tsallis for a selected q of a finite set achieved the best results.

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Autonomous driving in public roads requires precise localization within the range of few centimeters. Even the best current precise localization system based on the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) can not always reach this level of precision, especially in an urban environment, where the signal is disturbed by surrounding buildings and artifacts. Laser range finder and stereo vision have been successfully used for obstacle detection, mapping and localization to solve the autonomous driving problem. Unfortunately, Light Detection and Ranging (LIDARs) are very expensive sensors and stereo vision requires powerful dedicated hardware to process the cameras information. In this context, this article presents a low-cost architecture of sensors and data fusion algorithm capable of autonomous driving in narrow two-way roads. Our approach exploits a combination of a short-range visual lane marking detector and a dead reckoning system to build a long and precise perception of the lane markings in the vehicle's backwards. This information is used to localize the vehicle in a map, that also contains the reference trajectory for autonomous driving. Experimental results show the successful application of the proposed system on a real autonomous driving situation.

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This study's goal was to evaluate the pilot exclusive lane for motorcycles (Motovía) in Cali, Colombia, from the perception of its users in 2012-2013. A cross-sectional study using roadside surveys plus a qualitative component of individual semi-structured interviews was carried out. Road users' perceptions were investigated before and after implementation of lane dividers (LD) and were compared with other roads in the city. Perceptions were compared using chi-square tests. In the study, 293 motorcyclists, 111 cyclists, and 115 automobile drivers were interviewed. Following the installation of the LD, the majority of motorcyclists and cyclists reported that LD made easier the driving maneuvers and decreased travel time, in contrast to perceptions of automobile drivers (p < 0.001). For most motorcyclists, the Motovia was considered as safe and effective, approving its continuity and replication. Half of automobile drivers and cyclists did not approve the installation of the Motovia due to travel time (drivers) and security issues (cyclists). Motovia is an option to enhance motorcyclists' safety on the road. It must, however, offer clear circulation alternatives for automobile drivers. According to users' perception, it is not safe for bicycles and other human-powered vehicles to share lanes with motorcycles. Further research about vulnerable road users' infrastructure is required.

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Grupo sempre foi conceito destacado na Psicologia. No Brasil, uma autora a ele se dedicou de modo especial, ao propô-lo como categoria analítica privilegiada em sua proposta de uma psicologia social voltada à nossa realidade. Este estudo teve como objetivo demonstrar como, no trabalho de Silvia Lane, se deu a evolução do conceito de grupo. Para isso, contou com análise de conteúdo de textos de sua autoria. Os resultados dessa análise indicam que o trabalho com grupos desenvolvido por Silvia Lane estava estreitamente ligado à prática de pesquisa, sua e dos alunos, permitindo a produção de conhecimento sobre grupos a partir da aplicação em grupos específicos da sociedade. Dentro da universidade, usava suas aulas da disciplina "Processos Grupais" como laboratório de pesquisa, o que significa que não apenas reproduzia os autoresque lhe davam sustentação teórica, mas aplicando-a à nossa realidade, para, então, revisá-la, agora transformada pelo efeito da prática, e então colocá--la na prática novamente. Assim sendo, a evolução do conceito é explicitada neste trabalho, mostrando que, na proposta desta pioneira de uma psicologia social brasileira, trabalha-se com processo grupal (e não simplesmente grupo).

The concept of "group" has always been prominent in psychology. The author Silvia Lane has dedicated herself to this concept in a special way, proposing it as a privileged analytical category within social psychology focused on Brazilian reality. The present paper has the objective of demonstrating the development of the group concept in Silvia Lane's work. To reach this purpose, the content analysis of her written material has itself been analyzed. The results indicate that the work with groups is strictly linked to the research done by herself and her students, which led to building knowledge about the groups when applied to specific groups in society. As a professor, Silvia Lane has used her classes of "Group Processes" as an experimental arena, not only reproducing the theoretical assumptions from other authors, but also applying them to the Brazilian reality. By doing it, the author was able to review such assumptions, now transformed by practice to then put them into practice again. Thus, the evolution of the concept is explained in the paper, demonstrating that the group process (and not simply the "group") is a pioneer concept brought on by this Brazilian social psychologist.

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Grupo sempre foi conceito destacado na Psicologia. No Brasil, uma autora a ele se dedicou de modo especial, ao propô-lo como categoria analítica privilegiada em sua proposta de uma psicologia social voltada à nossa realidade. Este estudo teve como objetivo demonstrar como, no trabalho de Silvia Lane, se deu a evolução do conceito de grupo. Para isso, contou com análise de conteúdo de textos de sua autoria. Os resultados dessa análise indicam que o trabalho com grupos desenvolvido por Silvia Lane estava estreitamente ligado à prática de pesquisa, sua e dos alunos, permitindo a produção de conhecimento sobre grupos a partir da aplicação em grupos específicos da sociedade. Dentro da universidade, usava suas aulas da disciplina “Processos Grupais” como laboratório de pesquisa, o que significa que não apenas reproduzia os autores que lhe davam sustentação teórica, mas aplicando-a à nossa realidade, para, então, revisá-la, agora transformada pelo efeito da prática, e então colocá-la na prática novamente. Assim sendo, a evolução do conceito é explicitada neste trabalho, mostrando que, na proposta desta pioneira de uma psicologia social brasileira, trabalha-se com processo grupal (e não simplesmente grupo).(AU)

The concept of “group” has always been prominent in psychology. The author Silvia Lane has dedicated herself to this concept in a special way, proposing it as a privileged analytical category within social psychology focused on Brazilian reality. The present paper has the objective of demonstrating the development of the group concept in Silvia Lane’s work. To reach this purpose, the content analysis of her written material has itself been analyzed. The results indicate that the work with groups is strictly linked to the research done by herself and her students, which led to building knowledge about the groups when applied to specific groups in society. As a professor, Silvia Lane has used her classes of “Group Processes” as an experimental arena, not only reproducing the theoretical assumptions from other authors, but also applying them to the Brazilian reality. By doing it, the author was able to review such assumptions, now transformed by practice to then put them into practice again. Thus, the evolution of the concept is explained in the paper, demonstrating that the group process (and not simply the “group”) is a pioneer concept brought on by this Brazilian social psychologist.(AU)

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La hemosiderosis pulmonar idiopática (HPI) es una enfermedad grave y potencialmente fatal caracterizada por episodios recurrentes de hemorragia alveolar, hemoptisis y anemia. Su asociación con enfermedad celíaca (EC), descripta como síndrome de Lane-Hamilton, podría deberse a que ambas entidades comparten una misma vía inmunopatogénica. Se presentan dos pacientes de 13 años que consultaron por hemoptisis y anemia grave que no habían respondido al tratamiento inmunosupresor con pulsos de metilprednisolona, meprednisona e hidroxicloroquina. En ambos niños se destaca la ausencia de síntomas gastrointestinales al momento de la consulta, pero el dosaje de anticuerpos antiendomisio y antitransglutaminasa fue positivo, y la biopsia de intestino confirmó la presencia de enteropatía. En el plan de estudios de pacientes con síndrome de hemorragia alveolar difusa, aún en ausencia síntomas gastrointestinales, corresponde evaluar la presencia concomitante de enfermedad celíaca. En su presencia, la incorporación de una dieta libre de gluten favorece el control de los síntomas, permite reducir el tratamiento inmunosupresor y mejora la evolución clínica de ambas entidades.(AU)

Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis is a severe and potentially fatal disease characterized by recurrent episodes of alveolar hemorrhage, hemoptysis, and anemia. His association with celiac disease, described as Lane- Hamilton syndrome, could be due to the fact that both entities share a common pathogenic immune pathway. We report two patients of 13 years who consulted for hemoptysis and severe anemia that had not responded to immunosuppressive treatment with pulses of methyl prednisolone, oral meprednisone and hydroxychloroquine. Although both children highlight the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms at the time of consultation, the dosage of anti-endomysial and anti-transglutaminase antibodies was positive and biopsy confirmed the presence of intestinal enteropathy. It is emphasized that in patients with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, even in the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms, the concomitant presence of celiac disease should be evaluated. If celiac disease is present, the incorporation of a gluten-free diet helps to control the symptoms, allows reducing the immunosuppressive treatment and improves the clinical course of both entities.(AU)

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La hemosiderosis pulmonar idiopática (HPI) es una enfermedad grave y potencialmente fatal caracterizada por episodios recurrentes de hemorragia alveolar, hemoptisis y anemia. Su asociación con enfermedad celíaca (EC), descripta como síndrome de Lane-Hamilton, podría deberse a que ambas entidades comparten una misma vía inmunopatogénica. Se presentan dos pacientes de 13 años que consultaron por hemoptisis y anemia grave que no habían respondido al tratamiento inmunosupresor con pulsos de metilprednisolona, meprednisona e hidroxicloroquina. En ambos niños se destaca la ausencia de síntomas gastrointestinales al momento de la consulta, pero el dosaje de anticuerpos antiendomisio y antitransglutaminasa fue positivo, y la biopsia de intestino confirmó la presencia de enteropatía. En el plan de estudios de pacientes con síndrome de hemorragia alveolar difusa, aún en ausencia síntomas gastrointestinales, corresponde evaluar la presencia concomitante de enfermedad celíaca. En su presencia, la incorporación de una dieta libre de gluten favorece el control de los síntomas, permite reducir el tratamiento inmunosupresor y mejora la evolución clínica de ambas entidades.

Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis is a severe and potentially fatal disease characterized by recurrent episodes of alveolar hemorrhage, hemoptysis, and anemia. His association with celiac disease, described as Lane- Hamilton syndrome, could be due to the fact that both entities share a common pathogenic immune pathway. We report two patients of 13 years who consulted for hemoptysis and severe anemia that had not responded to immunosuppressive treatment with pulses of methyl prednisolone, oral meprednisone and hydroxychloroquine. Although both children highlight the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms at the time of consultation, the dosage of anti-endomysial and anti-transglutaminase antibodies was positive and biopsy confirmed the presence of intestinal enteropathy. It is emphasized that in patients with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, even in the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms, the concomitant presence of celiac disease should be evaluated. If celiac disease is present, the incorporation of a gluten-free diet helps to control the symptoms, allows reducing the immunosuppressive treatment and improves the clinical course of both entities.

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The Lane Eynon and polarimetric techniques performance were assessed in determining starch in manioc flour samples. The Students t-test was used to compare both methodologies and to calculate the average, the standard deviation and the coefficient of variation of the results obtained from replicate assays. No significant differences were shown between both methodologies at 5% level. Both techniques proved to be accurate, although highly trained technicians are required. Nevertheless, the use of polarimetric methodology showed advantages because it is faster and easy to perform, and of low cost The Lane Eynon technique might be employed as an alternative assay, according to the laboratory conditions availability.

Foram analisadas amostras de farinha de mandioca por meio das técnicas de Lane-Eynon e de polarimetria para determinação de amido, a fim de avaliar o desempenho de ambas as metodologias. Foi utilizado o teste de Student para comparar os resultados obtidos por meio dessas duas técnicas e foram calculados os valores da média, do desvio padrão e do coeficiente de variação dos resultados obtidos de análises realizadas em replicata. Não houve diferença significativa entre os dois ensaios em nível de 5%. As duas técnicas mostraram-se precisas e exatas, porém requerem técnicos adequadamente treinados. A técnica polarimétrica apresenta vantagens por ser de execução mais rápida e de menor custo. A técnica de Lane Eynon pode ser empregada como ensaio alternativo, conforme a disponibilidade tecnológica do laboratório.

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As memórias de um período de mudanças implantadas na Psicologia Social da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, durante os anos 80, quando Sílvia Lane enfatizou os compromissos éticos e políticos da Psicologia com a realidade brasileira.

The memoirs of the 80's Social Psychology under the influence of Sílvia Lane at the Pontificia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, when she emphasized its ethical and political commitments with Brazilian reality.

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O texto apresenta reflexões sobre a base teórica e a prática da técnica de investigação de conteúdos, processos e mediações presentes na constituição da consciência humana elaborada pela professora Sílvia Tatiana Maurer Lane, denominada de Análise Gráfica do Discurso. Para tanto, apresentamos algumas reflexões sobre os seus fundamentos epistemológicos, teóricos e metodológicos a partir das publicações, aulas e das orientações recebidas da professora Sílvia Lane. Nestas privilegiamos as contribuições da Teoria Psicológica Laneana e da Teoria Psicológica Sócio-histórica, bem como tentamos demonstrar como proceder a utilização da técnica.

This paper presents some thoughts on Sílvia Lanes Graphic Discourse Analysis, discussing the theoretical bases and the technique of content investigation, processes and mediations present in the constitution of human consciousness. For this, we present some reflections on its epistemological, theoretical and methodological fundamentals from Sílvia Lane's publications, seminars and advisory sessions, highlighting Lanean Psychological Theory and Social-Historical Psychological Theory, as well as demonstrating how to proceed in using the technique.