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Objectives. Stress maintained over time leads to a state of exhaustion known as burnout syndrome. This syndrome constitutes an occupational health problem, leading to high absenteeism. It can also mean that workers come to the workplace feeling unwell, which increases occupational collisions and injuries at work. In this study, we developed a predictive model of burnout in professional drivers using the following indicators: age, hours worked, seniority, educational level, fatigue, personality, attitudes toward driving, safety behaviors in the vehicle, and work characteristics and content. Method. A total of 523 professional drivers from different transport sectors, obtained through non-probability sampling, participated in the study. We used SPSS version 25.0 to analyze the data. Results. We determined the predictive capacity of certain variables that affect drivers and cause burnout. Exhaustion can be predicted with fatigue (48.8%), professional efficiency with emotional stability (39.8%) and cynicism with lack of motivation (28%) as the best predictors. Conclusions. The results contribute to a better knowledge of those factors that cause burnout in professional drivers. It is important to design individual interventions to reduce burnout, which would help reduce sick leave and possible collisions, in addition to providing greater well-being for drivers.

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Objectives. Professional drivers drive for many hours without rest. This factor, in addition to the characteristics of the job, the vehicle, the environment and the driver, causes driver fatigue. Fatigue is one of the most common risk factors when driving because it causes drowsiness, decreases drivers' attention and may make them fall asleep at the wheel. In this article we propose a predictive model for professional drivers using the following variables: age, number of children, time spent at work, time spent inside the vehicle, personality, job characteristics (JDS), job content (JCQ) and burnout. Method. Participants were 509 professional drivers from various transport sectors recruited by non-probabilistic sampling. SPSS version 25.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results. The predictive capacity of variables that cause driver fatigue was determined. Exhaustion best predicts fatigue positively, while openness to experience best predicts it negatively. Burnout and certain personality characteristics are good predictors, whereas other variables, such as JCQ and JDS, are weak predictors. Conclusions. This study extends our knowledge of the factors that cause fatigue in professional drivers and underlines the importance of designing interventions aimed at reducing the incidence of fatigue, promoting greater driver well-being and lowering the incidence of accidents.

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Objectives. Several studies have shown that one of the most common causes of collision is driver fatigue since fatigue causes drowsiness while driving and this decreases the driver's ability to maneuver the vehicle and increases the probability of their nodding off and falling asleep at the wheel. This may be due to a variety of personal reasons and specific factors connected to working conditions. In the present work we therefore intend to develop a predictive model for fatigue in professional drivers using the following indicators: age, gender, personality, burnout, characteristics and job content. Method. The participants were 516 professional drivers from different transport sectors, obtained through non-probabilistic sampling. SPSS version 25.0 was used for data analysis. Results. The predictive capacity of a number of variables that affect drivers by causing fatigue is determined. Fatigue can be predicted through certain variables, with the best predictor being exhaustion (48.8%). Conclusions. This research contributes to a greater knowledge of the factors that produce fatigue in professional drivers. It highlights the importance of designing interventions to reduce the incidence of fatigue, resulting in greater well-being for the driver and a lower incidence of collisions.

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OBJECTIVES: This paper describes some operational tactical procedures (OTP) and discusses the results of a 14-year-long study, spanning the period 2003-2016, conducted by the Municipal Police of Cádiz, Spain, which comprised 3 time periods: 2003-2006, when the officers were trained in traditional policing procedures; 2007-2013, when the officers were taught an innovative set of OTP in the form of a basic set of self-defense and arrest mechanisms, different from the traditional policing procedures that rely on martial arts and combat sports; and finally 2014-2016, when the OTP training was discontinued. The aim of this study was to improve policing and reduce officer injuries resulting from interventions in controversial or violent situations, such as problematic arrests. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved 162 police officers and commanders of the Municipal Police of Cádiz, who were in street duty for their first time. There were 8 females and 154 males aged 24-55 years. Three OTP stages are shown as examples. RESULTS: Based on the analysis of "training hours" and "physical interventions in problematic arrests," the results were: 1) the number of sick leaves in the police was identical according to the number of arrests, and 2) data on sick leaves show remarkable differences among the 3 periods under analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The OTP-based training substantially reduced officer sick leaves. The overall reduction in sick leaves in the period 2007-2013 was observed that cannot be ascribed to a decrease in criminal acts, and hence in police physical interventions. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2020;33(1):35-43.

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The primary vector of the dengue fever virus, the Aedes aegypti mosquito, is distributed across the tropical and sub-tropical latitudes; however, the area at risk of infection has been expanding steadily. This study aimed to identify the industries most vulnerable to the effects of dengue fever by 2030. The assessment was done by considering the international supply chain, with aspects such as the labor intensity, and the relevant geographical and socioeconomic aspects being taken into account. In addition, multi-regional input-output tables were employed to analyze the ripple effects of productivity losses resulting from workers contracting the disease. The results indicate that more than 10% of the workers involved in the supply chain of all the major industries in the United States (USA), China, Japan, and Germany could be considered at risk of contracting dengue fever by 2030. Moreover, the risk was even higher in India and Brazil, namely, more than 70%. The effect of widespread dengue fever infection could influence industrial activities severely, not only in the regions most at risk (India and Brazil) but also in the other regions (USA, Japan, and Germany). Labor-intensive industries, such as agriculture, fisheries, and the distribution sector are particularly at risk and will have to consider appropriate contingency measures. It is recommended that the downstream side of the supply chain, the industries in the USA, Japan, and Germany, supports the introduction of worker's health management system against the infectious disease into their business partners. This study employed limited data and only estimated the possible effects of the disease by 2030. Further comprehensive analysis is required with more data modeled for the future to verify and enhance the reliability of the present results.

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Este artículo busca analizar algunos referentes conceptuales sobre riesgos laborales, accidentes de trabajo y enfermedades laborales. Se realizó una búsqueda, selección y revisión de la literatura, documentos electrónicos y textos relacionados con el tema en mención. En general las áreas de trabajo no cuentan con los elementos para garantizar las condiciones de trabajo seguro, aun cuando la normatividad legal vigente le exige al empleador "proporcionar y mantener un ambiente de trabajo en adecuadas condiciones de higiene y seguridad, establecer métodos de trabajo con el mínimo de riesgos para la salud dentro de los procesos de producción" (1).

This paper analyzes some conceptual references about labor risks, accidents and occupational diseases. A search was conducted, selection and literature review, electronic documents and texts related to the topic. In general work areas do not have the elements to guarantee safe working conditions, even if the current legal regulations requires the employer "provide and maintain a working environment, suitable conditions health and safety, establish working methods with minimal health risks within the production process (1).

Este artigo analisa algumas referências conceituais sobre riscos ocupacionais, acidentes e doenças ocupacionais. A pesquisa foi conduzida, seleção e revisão de literatura, documentos eletrônicos e textos relacionados ao tema referências. Em geral as áreas de trabalho não tem os elementos para garantir condições de trabalho seguras, mesmo que os regulamentos legais em vigor exige a empregador "fornecer e manter um ambiente de trabalho condições adequadas saúde e segurança, estabelecer métodos de trabalho com riscos mínimos de saúdeno processo de produção"(1).

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El crecimiento de la economía informal mundial ha generado el no acceso de los trabajadoresinformales a los mecanismos formales de seguridad social. El objetivo de este artículo es revisarlas políticas públicas en seguridad social dirigidas a proteger a los trabajadores informales enColombia y analizarlas a la luz de la situación de otros países de América Latina. Se realizó unarevisión bibliográfica con análisis documental, en el contexto del Sistema General de SeguridadSocial, y se analizó comparativamente con otros países latinoamericanos. Se concluye que sibien existen políticas para proteger a los trabajadores informales, la afiliación a seguridad socialsigue siendo baja y que esta situación no difiere sustancialmente de la de los demás paísesde América Latina. Se deben generar mecanismos alternativos de aseguramiento para estapoblación, con responsabilidad estatal y que promuevan formas de asociación y organizaciónde las personas ocupadas en este sector...

The growth of the informal economy worldwide has generated no informal workers’ access toformal social security mechanisms. The purpose of this article is to review the social securitypublic policies aimed at protecting informal workers in Colombia and analyze them in thelight of the situation of other Latin American countries. A literature review was conductedwith documental analysis in the context of the Social Security System, and it was analyzed incomparison with other Latin American countries. We conclude that although there are policiesto protect informal workers, the social security affiliation continues to be low, and this situationdoes not differ substantially from that of other countries in Latin America. Alternative assurancemechanisms must be created for this population, with state responsibility which promote formsof association and organization of people employed in this sector...

O crescimento da economia informal mundial tem gerado o não acesso dos trabalhadores informaisaos mecanismos formais de segurança social. O objetivo deste artigo é revisitar as políticaspúblicas em segurança social dirigidas a proteger os trabalhadores informais na Colômbia eanalisá-las à luz da situação de outros países de América Latina. Realizou-se revisão de literaturacom análise documental no contexto do Sistema Geral de Segurança Social, e analisou-se comparativamentecom outros países latino-americanos. Conclui-se que, embora existam políticaspara proteger aos trabalhadores informais, a afiliação a segurança social continua a ser baixa eque esta situação não difere substancialmente da dos outros países de América Latina. Devemse gerar mecanismos alternativos de seguridade para esta população, com responsabilidadeestatal e que promova formas de associação e organização das pessoas empregadas neste sector...

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Este artículo se deriva de la investigación aplicada “gestión ambiental de la amalgama dental en el departamento de Antioquia”, financiada por la empresa New Stetic S.A. y la Universidad de Antioquia, realizado desde el año 2005 hasta principios del 2007 por los grupos de ciencia y tecnología biomédica (CTB), materiales preciosos (MAPRE) e investigaciones pirometalúrgicas y de materiales (GIPIMME) y desarrollo de la mencionada empresa. Objetivo: describir y caracterizar las actividades relacionadas con el maneo del mercurio, la amalgama y sus residuos en 107 entidades prestadoras de servicios en salud oral, clasificadas entre medianas y pequeñas, y definidas como aquellas que tienen menos de cinco sillas o unidades odontológicas en el mismo sitio de trabajo. Metodología: en cada institución se realizo una encuesta personalizada, diligenciado un cuestionario sobre los datos del entrevistado, el manejo del mercurio y la amalgama, salud ocupacional, capacitación, condiciones ambientales y gestión de los residuos. Cada entidad fue visitada por un ingeniero investigador y un estudiante avanzado de ingeniería, previamente capacitados para recoger la información. Resultados: debe producirse una reflexión en el personal odontológico y administrativo de las instituciones prestadoras de servicios en salud oral, las entidades de vigilancia y control y las instituciones académicas formadoras del talento humano, con el fin de implementar acciones integrales y metodologías seguras a corto plazo que generen un servicio de mejor calidad y mínimo riesgo para el personal laboralmente expuesto y para el ecosistema.

This article is bases on the applied research “Environmental Management of the Dental Amalgan in Antioquia, Colombia”, which was financed by the company New Stectic S.A. and the University of Antioquia. The research was carried out between 2005 and 2007 by the following groups: Biomedical Science and Technology, Precius Materials, and Pymetallurgical and Material Research and Development Division of the mentioned company. Objective: to describe and characterize the activities about handling mercury, dental amalgam and its waste in 107 dental offices defined as medium and small, that is to say those with less than five dental chairs in the same workplace. Methodology: a poll was made in each institution filling a questionnaire about personal details of the interviewee, mercury and amalgam handling, occupational health, training, environmental conditions, and wasted management. Each dental office was visited by research engineer and an advance in order to collect the information. Results: a reflection aimed to establish integral actions and safe methodologies in the short term to promote a better quality service and a minimum risk for the people exposed to mercury and the ecosystem must be encouraged by dental and administrative staff, as well as by surveillance and control institutions and the educational institutions devoted to the formation of dental professionals.

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