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Successful performance in grappling combat sports (GCS) can be influenced by the fighter's capacity to sustain high-intensity contractions of the handgrip muscles during combat. This study investigated the influence of GCS experience on the critical torque (CT), impulse above CT (W'), tolerance, and neuromuscular fatigue development during severe-intensity handgrip exercise by comparing fighters and untrained individuals. Eleven GCS fighters and twelve untrained individuals participated in three experimental sessions for handgrip muscles: (1) familiarization with the experimental procedures and strength assessment; (2) an all-out test to determine CT and W'; and (3) intermittent exercise performed in the severe-intensity domain (CT + 15%) until task failure. No significant differences were found in CT and neuromuscular fatigue between groups (p > 0.05). However, GCS fighters showed greater W' (GCS fighters 2238.8 ± 581.2 N·m·s vs. untrained 1670.4 ± 680.6 N·m·s, p < 0.05) and exercise tolerance (GCS fighters 8.38 ± 2.93 min vs. untrained 5.36 ± 1.42 min, p < 0.05) than untrained individuals. These results suggest that long-term GCS sports training can promote increased tolerance to severe-intensity handgrip exercise and improved W' without changes in CT or the magnitude of neuromuscular fatigue.
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Match-related performance analysis in judo Para athletes with visual impairments is important to coaches and staff to identify technical-tactical profiles of their athletes and opponents but also to identify whether there are similar characteristics in each visual class. Thus, this study explores the match-related performance in judo Para athletes and verifies the relationship between performance using the old and new classification systems. The match-derived variables were analyzed using different statistical methods considering a total of 182 matches from the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games. The results indicated that performance was affected by sex and degree of impairment. The new classification system seems suitable for grouping Para judo athletes, as it differentiates performance between the two proposed classes (J1 and J2), since athletes from each group compete separately. Furthermore, different variability index measures were correlated with competitive performance, demonstrating a specific performance profile for each sport class in judo.
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Rendimiento Atlético , Artes Marciales , Paratletas , Humanos , Artes Marciales/clasificación , Rendimiento Atlético/fisiología , Masculino , Femenino , Paratletas/clasificación , Tokio , Adulto , Deportes para Personas con Discapacidad/clasificación , Adulto Joven , Conducta Competitiva/fisiología , Trastornos de la VisiónRESUMEN
Psychopathy is characterized by glibness and superficial charm, as well as a lack of empathy, guilt and remorse, and is often accompanied by antisocial behaviour. The cerebral bases of this syndrome have been mostly studied in violent subjects or those with a criminal history. However, the antisocial component of psychopathy is not central to its conceptualization, and in fact, psychopathic traits are present in well-adjusted, non-criminal individuals within the general population. Interestingly, certain psychopathy characteristics appear to be particularly pronounced in some groups or professions. Importantly, as these so-called adaptive or successful psychopaths do not show antisocial tendencies or have significant psychiatric comorbidities, they may represent an ideal population to study this trait. Here, we investigated such a group, specifically elite female judo athletes, and compared them with matched non-athletes. Participants completed psychopathy, anger, perspective-taking and empathic concern questionnaires and underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Grey matter volume (GMV) was computed using voxel-based morphometry from the T1-weighted images. Athletes scored significantly higher in primary psychopathy and anger and lower in empathy and perspective taking. They also exhibited smaller GMV in the right temporal pole, left occipital cortex and left amygdala/hippocampus. GMV values for the latter cluster significantly correlated with primary psychopathy scores across both groups. These results confirm and extend previous findings to a little-studied population and provide support for the conceptualization of psychopathy as a dimensional personality trait which not only is not necessarily associated with antisocial behaviour but may potentially have adaptive value.
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Encéfalo , Sustancia Gris , Humanos , Femenino , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/patología , Sustancia Gris/patología , Corteza Cerebral/patología , Trastorno de Personalidad Antisocial/diagnóstico por imagen , Trastorno de Personalidad Antisocial/epidemiología , Trastorno de Personalidad Antisocial/patología , Atletas , Imagen por Resonancia MagnéticaRESUMEN
Introducción: el judo es un deporte de combate cuya clasificación competitiva depende del peso corporal, lo cual está destinado a promover competencias parejas y equitativas en cuanto a capacidades físicas se refiere. El avance de las ciencias del entrenamiento y de la nutrición deportiva generó una mejora de la composición corporal en los deportistas, redundando en un aumento de los valores de masa muscular y en una disminución de la masa adiposa. El objetivo del estudio fue estimar la composición corporal de las personas que practican Judo participantes del campeonato nacional argentino del año 2021. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo a los/as participantes del campeonato nacional de judo del año 2021. Fueron evaluados un total de 183 judocas (51 mujeres y 132 varones), según el protocolo de medición de la ISAK. Para la determinación de la composición corporal se utilizó el método de fraccionamiento anatómico de cinco componentes de Kerry Ross. Resultados: el promedio de las judocas fue de 30,5% para la masa adiposa y de 44,5% para la masa muscular; no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los distintos grupos de edad. Los varones obtuvieron un valor promedio de 22,4% para la masa adiposa y 49,1%para la masa muscular; en este caso se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los distintos grupos de edad, tanto para la masa adiposa como para la muscular y la masa ósea. Discusión: se necesitan más estudios con grupos estratificados en función de la división de peso corporal para poder establecer patrones de referencia específicos para el trabajo en ciencias del ejercicio y la nutrición. Conclusión: la optimización de la composición corporal de las personas que practican Judo redunda positivamente en la mejora de las capacidades físicas específicas. Los datos presentados constituyen una referencia específica de utilidad para la evaluación y seguimiento de las personas que practican Judo. La estratificación por grupos etarios y división de peso corporal permitirá delimitar mejor aún los valores de cada categoría de edad. Se considera relevante vincular la composición corporal con las pruebas físicas y los resultados deportivos, a fin de establecer un mejor perfil del judoca argentino. (AU)
Introduction: judo is a combat sport whose competitive classification depends on body weight, intended to promote even and equitable compe-titions in terms of physical abilities. Advances in the sciences of training and sports nutrition have led to an improvement in the body composition of athletes, resulting in an increase in muscle mass and a decrease in adipose mass. This study aimed to estimate the body composition of judo fighters participating in the 2021 Argentine National Championship. Materials and methods: we conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study of participants of the 2021 national judo championship. We evaluated 183 judokas (51 women and 132 men) applying the ISAK measurement protocol. We used the Kerry Ross five-component fractional anatomic method to determine body composition. Results: the average for female judo players was 30.5% for adipose mass and 44.5% for muscle mass; we found no statistically significant diffe-rences in the different age groups. The average value for males was 22.4% for adipose mass and 49.1% for muscle mass; in this case, we found significant differences between the different age groups for adipose mass and muscle and bone mass. Discussion: there is a need for more studies with stratified groups according to body weight division to establish specific reference standards for the work in exercise science and nutrition. Conclusion: the optimization of the body composition of female and male judo players has a positive effect on the improvement of specific physical capacities. The data presented constitute a relevant reference for the evaluation and follow-up of judokas. The stratification by age groups and body weight division will allow a better delimitation of the values of each age category. Linking body composition with physical tests and results is considered relevant to obtain a better profile of the Argentinian judo player. (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Composición Corporal , Antropometría , Artes Marciales/estadística & datos numéricos , Atletas/estadística & datos numéricos , Argentina , Peso Corporal , Tejido Adiposo , Factores de Edad , MúsculosRESUMEN
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1048642.].
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El tema de la táctica en el deporte resulta polémico desde los puntos de vista científico y pedagógico. En la investigación presentada, se realizó un análisis teórico de los principales estudios que abordaron el término acción táctica. La psicología, como ciencia aplicada al deporte, tiene entre sus fines la preparación psicológica y dentro de esta la realización del control psicológico del deportista; en esta dirección, se pretendió conocer las manifestaciones de las variables psicológicas de rendimiento durante todo el proceso de entrenamiento deportivo y contribuir, a partir de sus métodos diversos de intervención, al desarrollo de habilidades para enfrentar cualquier obstáculo objetivo o subjetivo durante la competencia. Se concluyó que, para mayor beneficio en intervenciones psicológicas en el área del desempeño técnico-táctico, se debe tener en cuenta el término acción táctica, el abordaje de los términos técnicos y tácticos como unidad indisoluble, la identificación de los elementos técnico-tácticos significativos que forman parte de las características del deporte y las personológicas del deportista; además de, los enfoques teóricos que sirvieron de sustento para el desarrollo del estudio.
O tema das táticas no esporte é controverso do ponto de vista científico e pedagógico. Na pesquisa apresentada, foi feita uma análise teórica dos principais estudos que abordaram o termo ação tática. A psicologia, como ciência aplicada ao esporte, tem entre seus objetivos a preparação psicológica e dentro dela a realização do controle psicológico do atleta; nesta direção, pretendeu-se conhecer as manifestações das variáveis psicológicas de desempenho durante todo o processo de treinamento esportivo e contribuir, a partir de seus diversos métodos de intervenção, para o desenvolvimento de habilidades para enfrentar qualquer obstáculo objetivo ou subjetivo durante a competição. Concluiu-se que, para maior benefício nas intervenções psicológicas na área de desempenho técnico-tático, o termo ação tática, a abordagem dos termos técnicos e táticos como unidade indissolúvel, a identificação dos elementos técnico-táticos significativos que fazem parte das características do esporte e das características personológicas do atleta; além disso, as abordagens teóricas que serviram de suporte para o desenvolvimento do estudo devem ser levadas em conta.
The issue of tactics in sport is controversial from the scientific and pedagogical points of view. In the research presented, a theoretical analysis of the main studies that addressed the term tactical action was carried out. Psychology, as a science applied to sport, has among its aims psychological preparation and within this the realization of psychological control of the athlete; in this direction, it was intended to know the manifestations of the psychological performance variables during the entire sports training process and to contribute, based on its various intervention methods, to the development of skills to face any objective or subjective obstacle during the competition. It was concluded that, for greater benefit in psychological interventions in the area of technical-tactical performance, the term tactical action must be taken into account, the approach to technical and tactical terms as an indissoluble unit, the identification of significant technical-tactical elements that are part of the characteristics of the sport and the personological characteristics of the athlete; in addition to the theoretical approaches that served as support for the development of the study.
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Coaches and psychologists can use time-motion analysis to elaborate specific interventions for female BJJ athletes, increasing specific training context and reducing unnecessary psychological and physical demands and injuries. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze high-level BJJ female athletes in the 2020 Pan-American Games by comparing the weight categories on the time-motion analysis. The time-motion analysis (i.e., approach, gripping, attack, defensive actions, transition, mounting, guard, side control, and submissions) of 422 high-level female BJJ combats was divided and compared by weight category as follows: Rooster (n = 8), Light Feather (n = 18), Feather (n = 122), Light (n = 84), Middle (n = 74), Medium Heavy (n = 44), Heavy (n = 36), Super Heavy (n = 36), using p ≤ 0.05. The main results indicated that the Super heavyweight category [3.1 (5.8;119.9) s] had a shorter gripping time than other weight categories, p ≤ 0.05. In contrast, roosters [7.2 (3.5;64.6) s] had longer gripping, transition [14.0 (4.8;29.6) s], and attack time [76.2 (27.7, 93.2)] than the light feather, middlers, and heavier weight categories, p ≤ 0.05. These findings should be considered for the psychological interventions and training prescription.
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ABSTRACT Introduction To master judo skills, athletes must maintain maximum flexibility, agility, speed, and endurance. It is known that strength training can improve athletes' competitive abilities and physical conditioning. Still, there is no consensus in the literature about the impacts of the CORE strengthening on the physical fitness of young judo practitioners. Objective Analyze the influence that CORE strengthens on the physical fitness of young judo practitioners. Methods 18 young athletes were randomly divided into a control training group, with routine activities, and an experimental training group, in which a protocol of core strengthening was also inserted. The article uses mathematical statistics to analyze the relationship between the physical conditioning of judo athletes and the structural characteristics of their technical training. Results No significant differences were identified between the two groups regarding muscle activation time or amplitude changes in the electrocardiogram (P>0.05). There was a significant difference in the results of the two groups in the static suspension test (P<0.05). The level of forearm endurance in the elite judokas group was higher than that in the common judo group(P<0.05). There is no apparent interaction between the forearm strength data (P>0.05). Conclusion It was found that strengthening the CORE can help improve the physical fitness of young judo athletes. More attention is recommended to young judo athletes by inserting CORE strengthening in their regular training. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the result.
RESUMO Introdução Atletas de judô precisam dominar as habilidades do esporte que exigem flexibilidade, agilidade, velocidade e resistência. Sabe-se que o treinamento de força pode melhorar as habilidades competitivas dos atletas e o condicionamento físico, porém não há consenso na literatura sobre os impactos do fortalecimento do core na aptidão física dos jovens praticantes de judô. Objetivo Analisar quais são as influências que o fortalecimento do core pode provocar sobre a aptidão física nos jovens praticantes de judô. Métodos 18 jovens atletas foram divididos aleatoriamente em grupo de treino controle, com as atividades rotineira e um grupo de treino experimental, no qual foi inserido também um protocolo de fortalecimento do core. O artigo utiliza estatísticas matemáticas para analisar a relação entre o condicionamento físico dos atletas de judô e as características estruturais de suas formações técnicas. Resultados Não foram identificadas diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos quanto ao tempo de ativação muscular ou as alterações de amplitude no eletrocardiograma (P>0,05). Houve diferença significativa nos resultados dos dois grupos no teste de suspensão estática (P>0,05). O nível de resistência do antebraço no grupo dos judocas de elite foi superior ao do grupo de judô comum(P>0,05). Não há interação óbvia entre os dados de força no antebraço (P>0,05) Conclusão Verificou-se que o fortalecimento do core pode ajudar a melhorar o condicionamento físico de jovens atletas de judô. Recomenda-se maior atenção aos jovens atletas de judô inserindo o fortalecimento de core em seus treinos regulares. Nível de evidência II; Estudos Terapêuticos - Investigação de Resultados.
RESUMEN Introducción Para dominar las habilidades del judo, los atletas deben mantener los niveles máximos de flexibilidad, agilidad, velocidad y resistencia. Se sabe que el entrenamiento de fuerza puede mejorar las habilidades competitivas de los atletas y la condición física, sin embargo, no hay consenso en la literatura sobre los impactos del fortalecimiento del core en la condición física de los jóvenes practicantes de judo. Objetivo Analizar cuáles son las influencias que el fortalecimiento del core puede provocar sobre la aptitud física en los jóvenes practicantes de judo. Métodos 18 jóvenes atletas fueron divididos aleatoriamente en un grupo de entrenamiento de control, con actividades rutinarias, y un grupo de entrenamiento experimental, en el que también se insertó un protocolo de fortalecimiento del núcleo. El artículo utiliza la estadística matemática para analizar la relación entre la condición física de los atletas de judo y las características estructurales de su entrenamiento técnico. Resultados No se identificaron diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos en cuanto al tiempo de activación muscular o los cambios de amplitud en el electrocardiograma (P>0,05). Hubo una diferencia significativa en los resultados de los dos grupos en la prueba de suspensión estática (P<0,05). El nivel de fuerza del antebrazo en el grupo de judocas de élite fue superior al del grupo de judo común (P<0,05). No hay una interacción evidente entre los datos de la fuerza del antebrazo (P>0,05) Conclusión Se encontró que el fortalecimiento del core puede ayudar a mejorar la condición física de los jóvenes atletas de judo. Se recomienda prestar más atención a los jóvenes atletas de judo insertando el fortalecimiento del core en sus entrenamientos regulares. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Judo is a sport that presents a high incidence of sports injuries. Judo athletes want to master their skills to the maximum. Good physical conditioning is necessary to decrease the incidence of surgeries and achieve better results. Core stability exercises can discretely reduce the likelihood of lower limb injuries in judo athletes. Objective This paper examines the rehabilitation of core stability training effects on lower limb injuries in judokas by case studies. Methods A Chinese judo team member with a lower limb injury underwent core stability training. Isokinetic strength tests, body composition tests, and functional checks explored the athlete's physical recovery after training. Results The athletes' lower limbs progressed with good recovery (P<0.05). Additionally, a recovery in fitness level was also noted (P<0.05). Conclusion Core stability training positively affects recovery from lower limb injuries in judokas. Evidence level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the results.
RESUMO Introdução O judô é um esporte com alta incidência de lesões esportivas. Atletas de judô querem dominar o máximo de suas habilidades. Para diminuir a incidência de cirurgias e alcançar melhores resultados é necessário um bom condicionamento físico. Os exercícios de estabilidade do core podem reduzir discretamente a probabilidade de lesões nos membros inferiores em judocas. Objetivo Este artigo analisa o efeito da reabilitação com treino de estabilidade do core em lesões de membros inferiores de judocas por meio de estudos de caso. Métodos Um membro da equipe chinesa de judô com lesão de membro inferior realizou treinamento de estabilidade do core. Foram utilizados testes de força isocinética, testes de composição corporal e verificações funcionais para explorar a recuperação física do atleta após o treino. Resultados Os membros inferiores dos atletas evoluíram com boa recuperação (P<0,05). Adicionalmente, notou-se também uma recuperação no nível de aptidão física (P<0,05). Conclusão O treinamento de estabilidade do core afeta positivamente a recuperação de lesões de membros inferiores em judocas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação de resultados.
RESUMEN Introducción El judo es un deporte con alta incidencia de lesiones deportivas. Los atletas de judo quieren dominar el máximo de sus capacidades. Para reducir la incidencia de las cirugías y lograr mejores resultados, es necesario un buen acondicionamiento físico. Los ejercicios de estabilidad del core pueden reducir discretamente la probabilidad de lesiones de las extremidades inferiores en los judokas. Objetivo Este artículo examina el efecto de la rehabilitación con el entrenamiento de la estabilidad del core en las lesiones de las extremidades inferiores en los judokas mediante el estudio de casos. Métodos Un miembro del equipo de judo chino con una lesión en las extremidades inferiores se sometió a un entrenamiento de estabilidad del core. Se utilizaron pruebas de fuerza isocinética, pruebas de composición corporal y controles funcionales para explorar la recuperación física del atleta después del entrenamiento. Resultados Los miembros inferiores de los atletas evolucionaron con una buena recuperación (P<0,05). Además, también se observó una recuperación del nivel de aptitud física (P<0,05). Conclusión El entrenamiento de la estabilidad del core afecta positivamente a la recuperación de las lesiones de las extremidades inferiores en los judokas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.
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Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Traumatismos en Atletas/rehabilitación , Artes Marciales , Entrenamiento de Fuerza , Traumatismos de la Pierna/rehabilitaciónRESUMEN
RESUMEN La evaluación de la activación cortical e, indicador de fatiga central, constituye un demandado proceder del control psicológico del entrenamiento en deportistas de alto rendimiento en Cuba. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los estudios realizados no abordan la relación entre esta variable y los estados de ánimo, aunque se ha demostrado el impacto que poseen estos últimos en el rendimiento del deportista, en su estado de salud, entre otras variables. El incipiente conocimiento al respecto ha limitado la realización de intervenciones psicopedagógicas más integrales durante el control psicológico del entrenamiento. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo comprobar la relación entre el nivel de activación cortical y los estados de ánimo. La muestra estuvo compuesta por diez judocas del equipo nacional de judo femenino de Cuba. La activación cortical fue medida durante seis sesiones de entrenamiento mediante el uso del Flicker, antes y después de suministradas las cargas. Los estados de ánimo fueron evaluados antes de comenzar cada sesión de entrenamiento con el perfil interactivo de estados de ánimo. Se procesaron los datos mediante la T de Student para muestras relacionadas, el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson y Spearman, distribuciones de frecuencias y estadígrafos descriptivos. Los principales resultados arrojaron que en la variable estados de ánimos prevalece el vigor cuya evaluación fue alta antes de iniciar las sesiones de entrenamiento, también se evidenció presencia de fatiga, mientras que el nivel de activación cortical mostró el comportamiento esperado que produjo un aumento significativo de la misma poscarga, constatándose una correlación muy débil entre ambas variables.
RESUMO A avaliação da ativação cortical e, um indicador de fadiga central, constitui um procedimento exigido no controle psicológico do treinamento de atletas de alto rendimento em Cuba. Entretanto, a maioria dos estudos realizados não aborda a relação entre esta variável e o humor, embora o impacto deste último no desempenho e estado de saúde do atleta, entre outras variáveis, tenha sido demonstrado. O conhecimento incipiente a este respeito tem limitado a implementação de intervenções desde psicopedagogias mais abrangentes durante o controle psicológico do treinamento. O objetivo do presente estudo era testar a relação entre o nível de ativação cortical e os estados de humor. A amostra consistiu de 10 judocas da equipe nacional feminina de judô de Cuba. A ativação cortical foi medida durante seis sessões de treinamento usando o Flicker, antes e depois que as cargas foram administradas. Os estados de humor foram avaliados antes do início de cada sessão de treinamento com o Perfil de humor interativo. Os dados foram processados usando o teste t de Student para amostras relacionadas, o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e Spearman, distribuições de frequência e estatísticas descritivas. Os principais resultados mostraram que no variável humor prevaleceu o vigor, cuja avaliação foi alta antes de iniciar as sessões de treinamento, a presença de fadiga também foi evidenciada, enquanto o nível de ativação cortical mostrou o comportamento esperado que produziu um aumento significativo na mesma pós-carga, mostrando uma correlação muito fraca entre as duas variáveis.
ABSTRACT The evaluation of cortical e activation, an indicator of central fatigue, constitutes a demanded procedure for the psychological control of training in high-performance athletes in Cuba. However, most of the studies carried out do not address the relationship between this variable and moods, although the impact that the latter have on the performance of the athlete, on their health status, among other variables, has been demonstrated. The incipient knowledge in this regard has limited the performance of more comprehensive psychopedagogical interventions during the psychological control of training. The present work aimed to verify the relationship between the level of cortical activation and moods. The sample consisted of 10 judokas from the Cuban women's national judo team. Cortical activation was measured during six training sessions using the Flicker, before and after the loads were delivered. Moods were assessed before beginning each training session with the Interactive Moods Profile. Data were processed using Student's T for related samples, Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficient, frequency distributions, and descriptive statistics. The main results showed that in the moods variable, vigor prevails, which evaluation was high before starting the training sessions, the presence of fatigue was also evidenced, while the level of cortical activation showed the expected behavior that produced a significant increase in the same after load, confirming a very weak correlation between both variables.
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Combat sports are characterized by frequent large-scale stance perturbations that may lead to falls. In the present investigation, we compared compensatory arm and leg movements in response to unpredictable stance perturbations between judokas and other athletes whose sports present reduced balance demand, relative to combat sports. Specifically, we tested judokas (n = 9), and a group of swimmers and runners (n = 11, controls) in sudden support base displacements in the mediolateral direction, generated by a movable electronic platform, in the following modes: (a) rotation, (b) translation, and (c) combined rotation-translation. The platform was displaced to either side, in three peak velocities (cm/second or o/second) of 20 (low), 30 (moderate), or 40 (high), resulting in 18 distinct perturbations. We evaluated postural responses with a scale for analyzing the stability of compensatory arm and leg movements (CALM). Results showed that, in the most challenging perturbations, judokas had higher stability scores (arm, leg, and global) than did the comparison group. Higher scores for judokas reflected their increased rate of motionless arm and leg responses and absence of near-falls, compared to 30% falls in the most challenging perturbations for the swimmers and runners. As a practical application, judo training may help achieve stable compensatory limb movements in a way that parallels the benefits obtained from perturbation-based balance training in laboratory settings.
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Artes Marciales , Equilibrio Postural , Atletas , Humanos , Movimiento/fisiología , Equilibrio Postural/fisiologíaRESUMEN
O judô é uma das modalidade esportivas dos Jogos Paralímpicos e é exclusivo para pessoas com deficiência visual. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as estratégias de ensino adotadas por professores dessa modalidade de diferentes países. Esta pesquisa quantitativa utilizou o método survey com escala Likert de 5 pontos. A amostra foi formada por 20 professores de 11 países das Américas e Europa. Como resultado, constatou-se que todos os professores participantes mesclam em sua atuação profissional aspectos tradicionais e inovadores, porém com maior ênfase nos inovadores (p<0.05). Os materiais mais utilizados nas aulas foram: cordas (25%), bolas (23,3%) e panos (11,6%). Esperamos que esta pesquisa2 possa contribuir com futuros professores de judô paralímpico possibilitando novas perspectivas e reflexões (AU).
Judo is a sport of the Paralympic Games and is exclusively for people with visual impairments. The objective of this research was to analyze the teaching strategies adopted by coaches of paralympic judo from different countries. This quantitative research used the survey me-thod with a 5-point Likert scale. The sample consisted of 20 coaches from 11 countries. As a result, it was found that all teachers mix traditional and innovative aspects in their professional performance, but with a greater emphasis on innovators (p <0.05). The most used materials mentioned were: strings (25%) balls (23.3%) and cloths (11.6%). We hope that this re-search can contribute to future Paralympic judo coaches, enabling new perspectives and reflections (AU)
El judo es una de las modalidades deportivas de los Juegos Paralímpicos y es exclusivamente para personas con discapacidad visual. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las estrategias de enseñan-za adoptadas por docentes de esta modalidad de diferentes países. Esta investigación cuantitativa utilizó el método de encuesta con una escala Likert de 5 puntos. La muestra estuvo formada por 20 profesores de 11 países. Como resultado, se encontró que todos los docentes mezclan as-pectos tradicionales e innovadores en su desempeño profesional, pero con un mayor énfasis en los innovadores (p <0.05). Los materiales más uti-lizados mencionados fueron: cuerdas (25%) bolas (23,3%) y telas (11,6%). Esperamos que esta investigación pueda contribuir a los futuros profeso-res de judo paralímpico, posibilitando nuevas perspectivas y reflexiones (AU).
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Juego e Implementos de Juego , Deportes/educación , Artes Marciales , Personas con Daño Visual , Docentes , Enseñanza , Américas , Europa (Continente)RESUMEN
O judô é uma das modalidade esportivas dos Jogos Paralímpicos e é exclusivo para pessoas com deficiência visual. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as estratégias de ensino adotadas por professores dessa modalidade de diferentes países. Esta pesquisa quantitativa utilizou o método survey com escala Likert de 5 pontos. A amostra foi formada por 20 professores de 11 países das Américas e Europa. Como resultado, constatou-se que todos os professores participantes mesclam em sua atuação profissional aspectos tradicionais e inovadores, porém com maior ênfase nos inovadores (p<0.05). Os materiais mais utilizados nas aulas foram: cordas (25%), bolas (23,3%) e panos (11,6%). Esperamos que esta pesquisa possa contribuir com futuros professores de judô paralímpico possibilitando novas perspectivas e reflexões.
Judo is a sport of the Paralympic Games and is exclusively for people with visual impairments. The objective of this research was to analyze the teaching strategies adopted by coaches of paralympic judo from different countries. This quantitative research used the survey me-thod with a 5-point Likert scale. The sample consisted of 20 coaches from 11 countries. As a result, it was found that all teachers mix traditional and innovative aspects in their professional performance, but with a greater emphasis on innovators (p <0.05). The most used materials mentioned were: strings (25%) balls (23.3%) and cloths (11.6%). We hope that this re-search can contribute to future Paralympic judo coaches, enabling new perspectives and reflections.
El judo es una de las modalidades deportivas de los Juegos Paralímpicos y es exclusivamente para personas con discapacidad visual. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las estrategias de enseñanza adoptadas por docentes de esta modalidad de diferentes países. Esta investigación cuantitativa utilizó el método de encuesta con una escala Likert de 5 puntos. La muestra estuvo formada por 20 profesores de 11 países. Como resultado, se encontró que todos los docentes mezclan aspectos tradicionales e innovadores en su desempeño profesional, pero con un mayor énfasis en los innovadores (p <0.05). Los materiales más utilizados mencionados fueron: cuerdas (25%) bolas (23,3%) y telas (11,6%). Esperamos que esta investigación pueda contribuir a los futuros profesores de judo paralímpico, posibilitando nuevas perspectivas y reflexiones.
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Abstract Aim: The purpose of the study was to carry out a survey and analysis of the scientific production of judo, specifically the contents that discuss the principles and values of this sport, to understand the contexts of its production at the national and international levels. Methods: A "state of the art" literature review was used to analyze seven national journals of Physical Education and five specialized in the area of combat sports, from their first editions up until the year 2021. Results: The results indicated that judo production has grown mainly in the last decade. In both national and specialized journals, the analyzed productions (n = 69 and n = 410, respectively) were concentrated in biodynamics (57.97% and 72.93%), followed by the sociocultural (30.43% and 23.41%) and pedagogical areas (11.60% and 3.66%). Articles on principles and values accounted for only 8.35% of judo production, of which 47.50% were written entirely in English, 42.50% in Japanese with only abstracts in English, and a measly 10% in Portuguese, confirming the difficulty in finding information on the topic. This aridity may be the result of the technical-sports perspective that drives scientific research in the area of biodynamics and the language barriers of publications concentrated in English and Japanese. Conclusion: It is suggested that actions by the regulatory institutions be taken to encourage both research and greater access to the conceptual and attitudinal knowledge of judo, extrapolating the offer of bodily knowledge and approaching the democratic and integral educational process that is expected.
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RESUMO O artigo tem como objetivo analisar, por meio dos discursos de professores de judô que trabalham com crianças, como eles conduzem as suas práticas de ensino com o público infantil. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-interpretativo realizado com 33 professores do estado do Espírito Santo. Os dados foram produzidos por meio de questionário enviado pelo Google Forms. Os resultados indicam que os professores enfatizam os aspectos axiológicos, técnicos e o desenvolvimento motor em seus processos de ensino, que apontam para uma concepção universal de infância. Embora utilizem os jogos e as brincadeiras em suas aulas, os discursos sugerem uma apropriação instrumental dessas manifestações lúdicas, com pouco espaço para que as crianças tenham as suas subjetividades, agências e práticas autorais reconhecidas e valorizadas.
ABSTRACT The article aims to analyze, through the speeches of judo teachers who work with children, how they conduct their teaching practices with children. This is a descriptive-interpretative study carried out with 33 teachers from the state of Espírito Santo. Data were produced through a questionnaire sent by Google Forms. The results indicate that teachers emphasize axiological, technical, and motor development aspects in their teaching processes, which point to a universal conception of childhood. Although they use games and play in their classes, the discourses suggest an instrumental appropriation of these playful manifestations, with little space for children to have their subjectivities, agencies, and authorial practices recognized and valued.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Enseñanza/educación , Niño , Artes Marciales , Docentes/educación , Juego e Implementos de Juego/psicología , Valores Sociales , Deportes/educación , Investigación Cualitativa , Aprendizaje , Destreza MotoraRESUMEN
El análisis de los aspectos psicológicos de la práctica deportiva resulta de interés para el desarrollo de intervenciones orientadas a alcanzar el máximo potencial de los deportistas. Este estudio tuvo por objetivo analizar los rasgos de personalidad de judokas senior en función de (a) sexo, (b) edad, (c) graduación alcanzada, (d) máximo nivel de competición alcanzado, (e) años de experiencia, (f) categoría de peso, y (g) explorar las diferencias con los rasgos de personalidad de población general. Participaron 116 judokas argentinos (86 hombres y 30 mujeres). Se aplicó el Listado de Adjetivos para Evaluar la Personalidad. Los resultados muestran diferencias entre pequeñas y moderadas entre los deportistas en función del sexo, la edad, la graduación de judo, el nivel de competición y los años de experiencia deportiva. No se hallaron diferencias entre las categorías de peso. También se observaron diferencias con la personalidad de la población normotípica: mujeres judokas reportaron mayor Apertura y hombres judokas, mayor Amabilidad, Responsabilidad y Estabilidad emocional. Los resultados representan un aporte al conocimiento del perfil psicológico de los judokas y los rasgos presentes en deportistas de alta competición.
The analysis of the psychological aspects of different sports is relevant for the development of interventions aimed at reaching the maximum potential of athletes. The aim of this study was to analyze the personality traits of senior judokas according to (a) sex, (b) age, (c) graduation, (d) competition level attained, (e) years of experience, (f) weight category, and (g) to explore the differences with the personality traits of the general population. A total of 116 Argentinean judokas (86 men and 30 women) participated in the study. Personality traits were assessed through the Adjectives Check List. The results show small to moderate differences between the judokas according to sex, age, graduation, competition level, and years of sport experience. No differences were found according to weight category. Differences in personality were also detected between the judokas and the general population: female judokas reported higher levels of Openness to experience, and male judokas reported higher levels of Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Emotional stability. The results represent a contribution about the psychological profile of judokas and the personality traits of high competition athletes. (AU)
A análise dos aspectos psicológicos da prática desportiva é de interesse para o desenvolvimento de intervenções destinadas a alcançar o máximo potencial dos atletas. O objectivo deste estudo foi analisar os traços de personalidade dos judocas sênior de acordo com (a) sexo, (b) idade, (c) graduação, (d) nível de competição atingido, (e) anos de experiência, (f) categoria de peso, e (g) explorar as diferenças com os traços de personalidade da população em geral. Participaram no estudo 116 judocas argentinos (86 homens, 30 mulheres) e foram avaliados através da Lista de Adjetivos para Avaliar a Personalidade. Os resultados mostram diferenças pequenas a moderadas entre os judocas de acordo com o sexo, idade, graduação, nível de competição e anos de experiência desportiva. Não foram encontradas diferenças de acordo com a categoria de peso. Foram também encontradas diferenças de personalidade entre os judocas e a população em geral: as judocas femininas reportaram mais Abertura, e os judocas masculinos reportaram mais, Conscienciosidade e Estabilidade Emocional. Os resultados representam uma contribuição para o conhecimento do perfil psicológico dos judocas e dos traços presentes nos atletas de alta competição.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Artes Marciales , Deportes , AtletasRESUMEN
RESUMEN En el judo actual, el dominio del Tokui-Waza o técnica favorita es imprescindible para vencer al contrario y alzarse con la victoria; no obstante, ello requiere de una adecuada preparación técnico táctica y su sistematización en el proceso de entrenamiento. A partir de la existencia de una serie de insuficiencias relacionadas con el proceder didáctico de los entrenadores para la enseñanza-aprendizaje de las acciones técnico tácticas del Tokui Waza y en aras de posibilitarle a las atletas, una adecuada formación en el proceso de preparación técnica, fundamentado en nuevas y mejores formas de afrontar y perfeccionar este proceso, la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo implementar un conjunto de ejercicios para el mejoramiento de la efectividad del Tokui Waza en el Tachi Waza del equipo femenino de judo, categoría 15-16 años de la Escuela Integral Deportiva de Pinar del Río, en correspondencia con las diferentes manifestaciones dentro del combate. Para ello, se trabajó con una muestra de 12 atletas integrantes de este equipo. Se emplearon los métodos y técnicas de investigación científica como: la observación, entrevista estandarizada e individual y el análisis de documentos. Como resultado se aporta un conjunto de ejercicios estructurados, que incluyen situaciones simplificadas y complejas que actúan didácticamente sobre los componentes de la preparación técnico-táctica además que constituyen una herramienta de utilidad para los entrenadores en el perfeccionamiento de su labor en la preparación deportiva de los atletas.
RESUMO No judô actual, o domínio do Tokui-Waza ou técnica favorita é essencial para derrotar o adversário e ganhar a vitória; contudo, isto requer uma preparação técnico-táctica adequada e a sua sistematização no processo de treino. Da existência de uma série de insuficiências relacionadas com o procedimento didáctico dos treinadores para o ensino-aprendizagem das acções técnico-tácticas de Tokui Waza e a fim de permitir aos atletas, um treino adequado no processo de preparação técnica, baseado em novas e melhores formas de abordar e melhorar este processo, o objectivo desta investigação era implementar um conjunto de exercícios para melhorar a eficácia de Tokui Waza no Tachi Waza da equipa feminina de judô, categoria 15-16 anos da Escuela Integral Deportiva de Pinar del Río, em correspondência com as diferentes manifestações no âmbito do combate. Para este efeito, trabalhou se com uma amostra de 12 atletas membros desta equipa. Foram utilizados métodos e técnicas de investigação científica, tais como: observação, entrevista padronizada e individualizada e análise de documentos. Como resultado, é fornecido um conjunto de exercícios estruturados, que incluem situações simplificadas e complexas que actuam didaticamente sobre os componentes da preparação técnico-táctica e que constituem uma ferramenta útil para os treinadores na melhoria do seu trabalho na preparação desportiva dos atletas.
ABSTRACT In the current sport of Judo, the mastery of the Tokui-Waza or favorite technique is essential to defeat the opponent and win the victory, however this requires an adequate technical-tactical preparation and its systematization in the training process. From the existence of a series of inadequacies related to the didactic procedure of the coaches for the teaching-learning of the technical-tactical actions of Tokui Waza, in order to enable the athletes an adequate training in the process of technical preparation, based on new and better ways to address and improve this process, the objective of this research is to implement a set of exercises to improve the effectiveness of Tokui Waza in the Tachi Waza of the women's Judo team, category 15-16 years old, of the Integral Sports School in Pinar del Río, in correspondence with the different manifestations within the combat. For this purpose, a sample of 12 athletes, members of this team, was used. Scientific research methods and techniques were used, such as: observation, standardized and individual interview, as well as document analysis. As a result, a set of structured exercises is provided, which include simplified and complex situations, which act didactically on the components of the technical-tactical preparation, constituting a useful tool for coaches in the improvement of their work in the sports preparation of athletes.
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The basis for achieving success in sport is technical preparation supported by adequate level of physical fitness. During judo competitions, athletes use technique to meet tactical objectives aimed to achieve victory. The modification of the rules of combat in judo that has been carried out in recent years has changed the course of competition. It seems to be interesting if there are relations between technical and tactical preparation expressed by means of indices and modification of the course of the fight caused by changes in the rules. The purpose of the paper was to determine the values of technical and tactical preparation of judokas during competition at the elite level. A hundred and twenty bouts during the Olympic Games in London in 2012 as well as 136 bouts fought during the World Championships in Rio de Janeiro in 2013 were analyzed. Verification was performed by calculating indicators of technical and tactical preparation. The results show a significant correlation between the indicators of technical and tactical preparation and the ranking in the general classification of the analyzed competitions. There were no statistically significant correlations between the change of fighting rules and the level of the examined indices of technical and tactical preparation. The results of the study verified the appropriate method of preparation for the competitions analyzed.
Asunto(s)
Rendimiento Atlético , Artes Marciales , Atletas , Brasil , Humanos , LondresRESUMEN
In Paralympic judo for athletes with vision impairment (VI judo) all eligible athletes (i.e. B1, B2 and B3 classes) compete against each other in the same competition. Evidence suggests that athletes with more impairment may be disadvantaged, but that more sensitive measures of performance are necessary to understand the impact of impairment on performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Para sport class and technical variation, time-motion variables, and performance in Paralympic judo. All 175 judo matches from the Rio 2016 Paralympic Games were analysed across 129 competitors (82 male and 47 female). The main results indicated that athletes who demonstrated less technical variation also experienced less competitive success, with the functionally blind athletes (class B1) demonstrating less technical variation than partially sighted (class B2 and B3) athletes (p < 0.05). There was no difference in the time-motion variables between sport classes (p > 0.05). We conclude that measures of technical variation are sensitive to differences in impairment and are suitable for studies that investigate the impairment-performance relationship in VI judo. Results further confirm that some athletes with impairment are disadvantaged under the current rules of VI judo.
Asunto(s)
Rendimiento Atlético/fisiología , Artes Marciales/fisiología , Paratletas , Deportes para Personas con Discapacidad/psicología , Trastornos de la Visión/fisiopatología , Análisis de Varianza , Rendimiento Atlético/estadística & datos numéricos , Ceguera/fisiopatología , Brasil , Femenino , Humanos , Internacionalidad , Masculino , Artes Marciales/clasificación , Artes Marciales/estadística & datos numéricos , Paratletas/clasificación , Factores Sexuales , Deportes para Personas con Discapacidad/clasificación , Deportes para Personas con Discapacidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Estudios de Tiempo y Movimiento , Agudeza Visual , Personas con Daño Visual/clasificaciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To describe and compare the epidemiology of competition injuries in unarmed combat sports (ie, boxing, judo, taekwondo and wrestling) in three consecutive Olympic Games. METHODS: Prospective cohort study using injury data from the IOC injury surveillance system and exposure data from official tournament records at three consecutive Olympic Games (ie, Beijing 2008, London 2012 and Rio de Janeiro 2016). Competition injury incidence rates per 1000 min of exposure (IIRME) were calculated with 95% CIs using standard formulae for Poisson rates. RESULTS: The overall IIRME was 7.8 (95% CI 7.0 to 8.7). The IIRME in judo (9.6 (95% CI 7.8 to 11.7)), boxing (9.2 (95% CI 7.6 to 10.9)) and taekwondo (7.7 (95% CI 5.6 to 10.5)) were significantly higher than in wrestling (4.8 (95% CI 3.6 to 6.2)). The proportion of injuries resulting in >7 days absence from competition or training was higher in wrestling (39.6%), judo (35.9%) and taekwondo (32.5%) than in boxing (21.0%). There was no difference in injury risk by sex, weight category or tournament round, but athletes that lost had significantly higher IIRME compared with their winning opponents (rate ratio 3.59 (95% CI 2.68 to 4.79)). CONCLUSION: Olympic combat sport athletes sustained, on average, one injury every 2.1 hours of competition. The risk of injury was significantly higher in boxing, judo and taekwondo than in wrestling. About 30% of injuries sustained during competition resulted in >7 days absence from competition or training. There is a need for identifying modifiable risk factors for injury in Olympic combat sports, which in turn can be targeted by injury prevention initiatives to reduce the burden of injury among combat sport athletes.