RESUMEN
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is considered one of the most successful pathogens in the history of mankind, having caused 1.7â¯million deaths in 2016. The amount of resistant and extensively resistant strains has increased; BCG has been the only vaccine to be produced in more than 100â¯years though it is still unable to prevent the disease's most disseminated form in adults; pulmonary tuberculosis. The search is thus still on-going for candidate antigens for an antituberculosis vaccine. This paper reports the use of a logical and rational methodology for finding such antigens, this time as peptides derived from the Rv3587c membrane protein. Bioinformatics tools were used for predicting mycobacterial surface location and Rv3587c protein structure whilst circular dichroism was used for determining its peptides' secondary structure. Receptor-ligand assays identified 4 high activity binding peptides (HABPs) binding specifically to A549 alveolar epithelial cells and U937 monocyte-derived macrophages, covering the region between amino acids 116 and 193. Their capability for inhibiting Mtb H37Rv invasion was evaluated. The recognition of antibodies from individuals suffering active and latent tuberculosis and from healthy individuals was observed in HABPs capable of avoiding mycobacterial entry to host cells. The results showed that 8 HABPs inhibited such invasion, two of them being common for both cell lines: 39265 (155VLAAYVYSLDNKRLWSNLDT173) and 39266 (174APSNETLVKTFSPGEQVTTY192). Peptide 39265 was the least recognised by antibodies from the individuals' sera evaluated in each group. According to the model proposed by FIDIC regarding synthetic vaccine development, peptide 39265 has become a candidate antigen for an antituberculosis vaccine.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos Bacterianos/inmunología , Proteínas Bacterianas/inmunología , Proteínas de la Membrana/inmunología , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/fisiología , Fragmentos de Péptidos/inmunología , Vacunas contra la Tuberculosis/inmunología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Antígenos Bacterianos/metabolismo , Antígenos Bacterianos/toxicidad , Proteínas Bacterianas/síntesis química , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Proteínas Bacterianas/toxicidad , Línea Celular Tumoral , Biología Computacional , Diseño de Fármacos , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno/efectos de los fármacos , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno/fisiología , Humanos , Proteínas de la Membrana/síntesis química , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Membrana/toxicidad , Fragmentos de Péptidos/síntesis química , Fragmentos de Péptidos/metabolismo , Fragmentos de Péptidos/toxicidad , Estructura Secundaria de Proteína , Estructura Terciaria de Proteína , Receptores de Superficie Celular/metabolismo , Vacunas contra la Tuberculosis/síntesis química , Vacunas contra la Tuberculosis/metabolismo , Vacunas contra la Tuberculosis/toxicidad , Vacunas Sintéticas/inmunología , Vacunas Sintéticas/metabolismo , Vacunas Sintéticas/toxicidadRESUMEN
Yersina enterocolitica-like species have not been extensively studied regarding its pathogenic potential. This work aimed to assess the pathogenic potential of some Y. enterocolitica-like strains by evaluating the presence of virulence-related genes by PCR and their ability to adhere to and invade Caco-2 and HEp-2 cells. A total of 50 Y. frederiksenii, 55 Y. intermedia and 13 Y. kristensenii strains were studied. The strains contained the following genes: Y. frederiksenii, fepA(44%), fes(44%) and ystB(18%); Y. intermedia, ail(53%), fepA (35%), fepD(2%), fes(97%), hreP(2%), ystB(2%) and tccC(35%); Y. kristensenii, ail(62%), ystB(23%), fepA(77%), fepD(54%), fes(54%) and hreP(77%). Generally, the Y. enterocolitica-like strains had a reduced ability to adhere to and invade mammalian cells compared to the highly pathogenic Y. enterocolitica 8081. However, Y. kristensenii FCF410 and Y. frederiksenii FCF461 presented high invasion potentials in Caco-2 cells after five days of pre-incubation increased by 45- and 7.2-fold compared to Y. enterocolitica 8081, respectively; but, the ail gene was not detected in these strains. The presence of virulence-related genes in some of the Y. enterocolitica-like strains indicated their possible pathogenic potential. Moreover, the results suggest the existence of alternative virulence mechanisms and that the pathogenicity of Y. kristensenii and Y. frederiksenii may be strain-dependent.
Asunto(s)
Adhesión Bacteriana/genética , Virulencia/genética , Yersinia enterocolitica/genética , Yersinia enterocolitica/patogenicidad , Línea Celular , Células Cultivadas , Genes Bacterianos , Humanos , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Factores de Virulencia/genética , Yersiniosis/microbiología , Yersinia enterocolitica/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
Liver cancer is the sixth most commonly occurring cancer globally, and the main histological type is hepatocellular carcinoma. This type of neoplasia has a poor prognosis due to a high rate of recurrence and intrahepatic metastasis, which are closely are closely associated with the angiogenic process. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is under the control of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), stimulates the proliferation of endothelial cells and increases cell permeability, promoting the growth, spread and metastasis of tumors. Melatonin, the main hormone secreted by the pineal gland, may have a significant role in tumor suppression and has demonstrated antiangiogenic and antimetastatic effects. The aim of the present study was to analyze the cell viability, migration and invasion, as well as the expression of proangiogenic proteins VEGF and HIF-1α, in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells, following treatment with melatonin. Cells were cultured and cell viability was investigated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The expression of proangiogenic proteins VEGF and HIF-1α, under conditions of normoxia and hypoxia, was verified using immunocytochemistry and quantified by densitometry. The analysis of the processes of cell migration and invasion was performed in a Boyden chamber. The MTT assay revealed a reduction in cell viability (P=0.018) following treatment with 1 mM melatonin for 24 h. The expression of proangiogenic proteins VEGF and HIF-1α was reduced in cells treated with 1 mM melatonin for 24 h in normoxic (P<0.001) and hypoxic (P<0.001) conditions, compared with the control group and with induced hypoxia alone. The rate of cell migration and invasion was additionally reduced in cells treated with 1 mM melatonin for 48 h when compared with the control group (P=0.496). The results of the present study suggest that melatonin may have an antiproliferative, antiangiogenic and antimetastatic role in hepatocarcinoma cells and may present a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of liver cancer.
RESUMEN
This work was aimed at studying the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv Rv3494c protein, taking into account that it belongs to the mammalian cell entry family (mce) which is thought to have important functions in the disease's pathogenesis. The protein was characterized in silico; its presence on mycobacterial surface was confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy. High-activity binding peptides (HABPs) were identified by binding assays with (125)I; their ability to inhibit mycobacterial entry to two cell lines (U937 alveolar macrophages and A549 epithelial cells) was ascertained and their role in bacterial entry was confirmed by fluorescent microsphere internalization assay. This protein's predicted alpha-helix structure was confirmed by circular dichroism of its peptides. All HABPs inhibited mycobacterial entry to cells and that the 38379 peptide ((201)IDQAGPFLQAQIRAGGDIKSY(220)) had high binding ability and inhibited the mycobacterial entry to both cell lines assayed here. Rv3494c peptides 38370 ((21)LSVMAIFYLRLPATFGIGTY(40)), 38373 ((81)HMRLNSGTAIPSNVTATVRSY(100)) and 38379 ((201)IDQAGPFLQAQIRAGGDIKSY(220)) showed to be HABP and inhibited mycobacterial entry to A549 cells and peptide 38382 ((261)RPSFPALAASLANLGRVGVIY(280)) bind to U937 and inhibited the mycobacterial entry to this cell line; all of these sequences play an important role in cell line recognition and invasion, and may thus be considered in the search for prophylactic candidates against tuberculosis.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/metabolismo , Antígenos Bacterianos/metabolismo , Endocitosis/efectos de los fármacos , Células Epiteliales/microbiología , Macrófagos/microbiología , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/fisiología , Productos Biológicos/metabolismo , Línea Celular , Dicroismo Circular , Células Epiteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Microscopía Inmunoelectrónica , Unión Proteica , Conformación ProteicaRESUMEN
Neospora caninum belongs to the phylum Apicomplexa, the causative agent of neosporosis, which leads to economic impacts on cattle production. A common feature among apicomplexan parasites is the invasive process driven mostly by the parasite. As a first evaluation of candidate molecules that play a possible role by interfering in this invasive process, the in vitro invasion assay is a fast and direct way to screen future agonists or antagonists. This work involved the development of a new cell culture ELISA and transient β-galactosidase activity applied to the semi-quantitative detection of N. caninum in Vero cell culture. Cell culture ELISA is based on histochemistry and immunology, resulting in a colorimetric reaction. The β-galactosidase activity was obtained by the transient transfection of the lacZ gene under control of RPS13 promoter of N. caninum. These methods were used to evaluate the effects of temperature (37°C and 85°C) on the invasion and adhesion of tachyzoites. The three tested methods (real time PCR, β-galactosidase activity and ELISA) showed a similar pattern, indicating that different methods may be complementary.
Neospora caninum, parasita do filo Apicomplexa, é causador da neosporose, doença responsável por perdas econômicas importantes na pecuária. Um fator comum entre os apicomplexas é o processo de invasão majoritariamente dirigido pelo parasita. Dentre as primeiras avaliações de moléculas candidatas, que possivelmente interferem no processo de invasão, o ensaio de invasão in vitro é um meio rápido e direto de selecionar futuros agonistas ou antagonistas. Este trabalho desenvolveu um novo ELISA baseado em cultura (Cell-culture ELISA) e um ensaio que mede a atividade transiente de β-galactosidase, aplicados para a detecção semiquantitativa de N. caninum em células Vero. Cell-culture ELISA é baseado em histoquímica e imunologia, resultando em uma reação colorimétrica. A atividade da β-galactosidase foi obtida pela transfecção transiente do gene LacZ sob controle do promotor RPS13 de N. caninum. Esses métodos avaliaram os efeitos da temperatura (37°C e 85°C) sobre a invasão e adesão. Os três métodos testados (real time PCR, atividade de β-galactosidase e ELISA) mostraram um padrão similar, indicando que diferentes métodos podem ser complementares. Adicionalmente, esse ELISA é adequado para aplicação em laboratórios carentes de uma complexa estrutura para métodos de detecção moleculares.
Asunto(s)
Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Neospora/aislamiento & purificación , Neospora/fisiología , Neospora/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
Neospora caninum belongs to the phylum Apicomplexa, the causative agent of neosporosis, which leads to economic impacts on cattle production. A common feature among apicomplexan parasites is the invasive process driven mostly by the parasite. As a first evaluation of candidate molecules that play a possible role by interfering in this invasive process, the in vitro invasion assay is a fast and direct way to screen future agonists or antagonists. This work involved the development of a new cell culture ELISA and transient β-galactosidase activity applied to the semi-quantitative detection of N. caninum in Vero cell culture. Cell culture ELISA is based on histochemistry and immunology, resulting in a colorimetric reaction. The β-galactosidase activity was obtained by the transient transfection of the lacZ gene under control of RPS13 promoter of N. caninum. These methods were used to evaluate the effects of temperature (37°C and 85°C) on the invasion and adhesion of tachyzoites. The three tested methods (real time PCR, β-galactosidase activity and ELISA) showed a similar pattern, indicating that different methods may be complementary.
Neospora caninum, parasita do filo Apicomplexa, é causador da neosporose, doença responsável por perdas econômicas importantes na pecuária. Um fator comum entre os apicomplexas é o processo de invasão majoritariamente dirigido pelo parasita. Dentre as primeiras avaliações de moléculas candidatas, que possivelmente interferem no processo de invasão, o ensaio de invasão in vitro é um meio rápido e direto de selecionar futuros agonistas ou antagonistas. Este trabalho desenvolveu um novo ELISA baseado em cultura (Cell-culture ELISA) e um ensaio que mede a atividade transiente de β-galactosidase, aplicados para a detecção semiquantitativa de N. caninum em células Vero. Cell-culture ELISA é baseado em histoquímica e imunologia, resultando em uma reação colorimétrica. A atividade da β-galactosidase foi obtida pela transfecção transiente do gene LacZ sob controle do promotor RPS13 de N. caninum. Esses métodos avaliaram os efeitos da temperatura (37°C e 85°C) sobre a invasão e adesão. Os três métodos testados (real time PCR, atividade de β-galactosidase e ELISA) mostraram um padrão similar, indicando que diferentes métodos podem ser complementares. Adicionalmente, esse ELISA é adequado para aplicação em laboratórios carentes de uma complexa estrutura para métodos de detecção moleculares.
Asunto(s)
Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Neospora/aislamiento & purificación , Neospora/fisiología , Neospora/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
Pituitary tumor-transforming gene-1 (PTTG1) is a proto-oncogene that promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis in numerous cell types and is overexpressed in a variety of human tumors. We have demonstrated that PTTG1 expression was up-regulated in both human prostate cancer specimens and prostate cancer cell lines. For a more direct assessment of the function of PTTG1 in prostate tumorigenesis, RNAi-mediated knockdown was used to selectively decrease PTTG1 expression in PC3 human prostate tumor cells. After three weeks of selection, colonies stably transfected with PTTG1-targeted RNAi (the knockdown PC3 cell line) or empty vector (the control PC3 cell line) were selected and expanded to investigate the role of PTTG1 expression in PC3 cell growth and invasion. Cell proliferation rate was significantly slower (28%) in the PTTG1 knockdown line after 6 days of growth as indicated by an MTT cell viability assay (P < 0.05). Similarly, a soft agar colony formation assay revealed significantly fewer (66.7%) PTTG1 knockdown PC3 cell colonies than control colonies after three weeks of growth. In addition, PTTG1 knockdown resulted in cell cycle arrest at G1 as indicated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The PTTG1 knockdown PC3 cell line also exhibited significantly reduced migration through Matrigel in a transwell assay of invasive potential, and down-regulation of PTTG1 could lead to increased sensitivity of these prostate cancer cells to a commonly used anticancer drug, taxol. Thus, PTTG1 expression is crucial for PC3 cell proliferation and invasion, and could be a promising new target for prostate cancer therapy.