RESUMEN
Is class-based contact associated with legitimation of inequality? Drawing from the idea that people adopt beliefs predominant in groups with whom they interact, we hypothesized that upper-class contact would correspond to greater legitimation of inequality, whereas lower-class contact would correspond to lesser legitimation of inequality among lower- and upper-class individuals. We also hypothesized that middle-class individuals might possess a more precarious identity, leading lower-class contact to correspond to higher legitimation of inequality. We tested hypotheses using a nationally representative sample from Chile (N = 4446; Study 1), and nationally representative samples from 28 countries (N = 43,811; Study 2). Support for hypotheses was mixed. Upper-class contact was often associated with greater legitimation of inequality, whereas lower-class contact was frequently related to lower legitimation of inequality. Patterns emerged among most social class groups, but there was also variation across groups. We discuss potential explanations for results along with theoretical implications for class-based contact.
Asunto(s)
Clase Social , Humanos , Factores Socioeconómicos , ChileRESUMEN
Resumen: Introducción. La escala propuesta por Islam y Hewstone (1993) evalúa la frecuencia y la calidad del contacto entre distintos grupos. Aunque es una de las escalas más empleadas para evaluar el contacto intergrupal, a la fecha no hay investigaciones, según nuestro conocimiento, que hayan empleado dicha escala en muestras de Argentina ni en grupos que pertenezcan a distintas clases sociales. Objetivo. Adaptar la escala de contacto intergrupal propuesta por Islam y Hewstone (1993) en una muestra de personas de 18 a 65 años de distinta clase social, radicadas en el Gran Córdoba (Argentina). Método. Empleamos un muestreo no probabilístico de tipo autoelegido y participaron 442 personas. Llevamos a cabo la adaptación lingüística y cultural de los ítems de la escala original y elaboramos tres versiones idénticas de la escala en las cuales lo que varía es el grupo evaluado (clase alta, clase media, o clase baja). Resultados. Obtuvimos evidencias satisfactorias acerca de la validez estructural, convergente, discriminante y predictiva de la escala en todas sus versiones. Además, los resultados sobre la consistencia interna fueron adecuados. Discusión. La adaptación de la presente escala representa un aporte significativo al campo de conocimiento y evaluación del contacto intergrupal.
Abstract: Introduction. The scale proposed by Islam and Hewstone (1993) assesses the frequency and quality of contact between different groups. Although it is one of the most widely used scales to evaluate intergroup contact, to date there are no studies, to our best knowledge, that have used this scale in samples from Argentina or in groups belonging to different social classes. Objective. To adapt the intergroup contact scale proposed by Islam and Hewstone (1993) in a sample of people between 18 and 65 years old from different social classes, who live in the Gran Córdoba (Argentina). Method. We used a no-probabilistic sampling (self-selected) and 442 citizens participated. We carried out the linguistic and cultural adaptation of the items of the original scale and elaborated three identical versions of the scale in which what varies is the group evaluated (high, medium or low class). Results. We obtained satisfactory evidence about the structural, convergent, discriminant and predictive validity of the scale. In addition, the results about internal consistency were adequate. Discussion. The adaptation of this scale represents a significant contribution to the field of knowledge and evaluation of intergroup contact.
Resumo: Introdução. A escala proposta por Islam e Hewstone (1993) avalia a frequência e a qualidade do contato entre diferentes grupos. Embora seja uma das escalas mais utilizadas para avaliar o contato intergrupal, até o momento não há investigações, ao nosso conhecimento, que tenham utilizado esta escala em amostras da Argentina ou em grupos pertencentes a diferentes classes sociais. Objetivo. Adaptar a escala de contato intergrupal proposta por Islam e Hewstone (1993) em uma amostra de pessoas entre 18 e 65 anos de diferentes classes sociais, residentes na Grande Córdoba (Argentina). Método. Utilizamos uma amostra não probabilística auto-selecionada e 442 pessoas participaram. Realizamos a adaptação linguística e cultural dos itens da escala original e elaboramos três versões idênticas da escala em que o que varia é o grupo avaliado (classe alta, classe média ou classe baixa). Resultados. Obtivemos evidências satisfatórias sobre a validade estrutural, convergente, discriminante e preditiva da escala. Além disso, os resultados de consistência interna foram adequados. Discussão. A adaptação desta escala representa uma contribuição significativa para o campo do conhecimento e avaliação do contato intergrupal.
RESUMEN
Jamaica has been called one of the world's most anti-gay countries. However, little empirical research has investigated methods of reducing this prejudice. Intergroup contact-(positive) interaction with someone from a different social group-is one of the most widely tested and strongly favored methods of reducing prejudice. However, the role of contact in this specific context is not clear, particularly the relative importance of contact compared to other variables that predict (less) prejudice. This current cross-sectional research investigated that question using a large, representative sample of Jamaican participants (N = 942). As in prior research, contact predicted less anti-gay prejudice, and the (negative) relationship between contact and anti-gay behaviors was mediated by intergroup anxiety and attitudes, even when other important predictors were taken into account. However, contact was a less important predictor than gender, education, or religiosity. Implications for intergroup contact and prejudice-reduction strategies in Jamaica are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Homofobia , Relaciones Interpersonales , Adulto , Negro o Afroamericano , Ansiedad , Actitud , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Jamaica , Masculino , Minorías Sexuales y de GéneroRESUMEN
Two surveys were conducted in Chile with indigenous Mapuche participants (N study 1: 573; N study 2: 198). In line with previous theorising, it was predicted that intergroup contact with the non-indigenous majority reduces prejudice. It was expected that this effect would be because of contact leading to more knowledge about the outgroup, which would then lead to less intergroup anxiety. The two studies yielded converging support for these predictions.