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Background: With increasing healthcare service utilization and the introduction of costly therapies, healthcare organizations are pressured to deliver cost-effective services within constrained budgets. Rising costs and the need for efficient healthcare delivery are major concerns for governments, insurers, and health plans. Objectives: It aims to understand the impact of these intangible assets on creating value and organizational resilience in healthcare, informing better practices and strategies for VBHC implementation. Methods: An applied research approach using the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) methodology was adopted. The research was divided into seven interconnected Work Packages (WPs), each designed to investigate different aspects of the integration between VBHC and intangible assets, with a focus on enhancing organizational resilience through innovative health processes. Key methodologies included literature reviews and qualitative analyses, employing Open Innovation and Design Thinking. Results: The study revealed a dynamic interplay between VBHC, organizational resilience, and intangible assets. It showed that managerial effectiveness is influenced by direct patient outcomes and elements like intellectual capital and organizational reputation. Data integration from various Work Packages provided new insights into how intangible assets underpin VBHC strategies, proposing novel management approaches. Findings highlight the essential role of intangible assets in enhancing service delivery and fostering sustainable healthcare practices. Discussion: The study highlights a significant oversight in the integration of intangible assets within healthcare organizations, despite their crucial role in optimizing VBHC. It supports literature emphasizing the importance of intellectual capital and organizational culture in enhancing healthcare management efficiency and resilience. A paradigm shift in VBHC to include these assets is needed for building a more adaptable and sustainable healthcare system. This integration can lead to better clinical outcomes, patient satisfaction, and overall healthcare efficiency, aligning more closely with VBHC goals. Conclusion: Recognizing and effectively managing intangible assets are paramount for the successful implementation of VBHC and enhanced organizational resilience. Strategic integration of these assets into healthcare management practices can significantly improve patient outcomes and create a more sustainable, patient-centered, and resilient healthcare system. Future studies should develop methodologies for robust measurement and integration of these assets to fully realize the potential of VBHC.

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Abstract: The strong increase in global demand for lithium, driven by the ion battery market and the use of this non-metallic mineral in various economic sectors such as mining (as a non-metallic and non-renewable mineral), health, technology, and geopolitical issues, has fueled the development of disruptive innovation, with new products linked to knowledge creation. These developments have included, among other things, the use of new processing techniques, the creation of new high-capacity cathode materials, the investigation of new sources of lithium, and increased recycling of lithium-ion batteries. This article's primary goal is to assess how this knowledge gap is related with innovation issues using the analysis of the scholar as a case study. Additionally, the examination of public policy related to the lithium business will be continued and updated in this publication. This study uses computerized bibliometric analysis based on the R program and Biblioshiny, a web interface for Bibliometrix analysis. One of the earliest studies to examine the discrepancy between lithium production and consumption based on innovation is this one. The research's contribution is to highlight the disparities and gaps in knowledge generation between producer and consumer countries, which creates a great opportunity to develop better public policies that use existing knowledge and promote collaborations between mining and technology companies for the development of a more sustainable, efficient, effective and competitive industry with future societies.

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The study of catastrophic costs incurred by people affected by tuberculosis (TB), conducted in Colombia during the COVID-19 pandemic, provided the opportunity to implement telephone surveys for data collection. This constitutes a methodological innovation regarding the standards established by the World Health Organization (WHO) which, for this type of study, usually rely on face-to-face surveys of patients attending health facilities. The study design, objectives, and methodology were adapted from the WHO publication Tuberculosis patient cost surveys: a handbook. A total of 1065 people affected by tuberculosis were selected as study participants and, by telephone, were administered a standard questionnaire adapted to the Colombian context. This allowed the collection of structured data on the direct and indirect costs faced by TB patients and their families. Greater than 80% completeness was achieved for all variables of interest, with an average survey duration of 40 minutes and a rejection rate of 8%. The described survey method to determine the baseline for further study of catastrophic costs in Colombia was novel because of its telephone-based format, which adheres to the information standards required to allow internationally comparable estimates. It is a useful means of generating standardized results in contexts in which the ability to conduct face-to-face surveys is limited.

O estudo dos custos catastróficos incorridos pelas pessoas afetadas pela tuberculose realizado na Colômbia durante a pandemia de COVID-19 representou uma oportunidade de implementar pesquisas telefônicas como forma de coleta de dados. Constitui-se uma inovação metodológica dos padrões estabelecidos pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), que, para esse tipo de estudo, geralmente se baseiam no uso de pesquisas presenciais com os pacientes que frequentam estabelecimentos de saúde. O delineamento, os objetivos e a metodologia do estudo foram adaptados do manual prático da OMS para a realização de pesquisas de custos da tuberculose. Um total de 1065 pessoas afetadas pela tuberculose foram selecionadas para participar do estudo. O questionário padrão, adaptado ao contexto colombiano, foi aplicado pelo telefone. Foi possível obter dados estruturados sobre os custos diretos e indiretos enfrentados pelos pacientes com tuberculose e suas famílias. Em geral, observou-se que todas as variáveis de coleta atingiram uma completude de mais de 80%, com um tempo médio de pesquisa de 40 minutos e uma taxa de recusa de 8%. A metodologia de pesquisa telefônica desenvolvida para determinar a linha de base do estudo de custos catastróficos na Colômbia foi inovadora devido ao formato telefônico, que mantém os padrões de informação necessários para permitir estimativas comparáveis internacionalmente e é uma forma útil de gerar resultados padronizados em circunstâncias em que há limitações para a realização de pesquisas presenciais.

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BACKGROUND: The Brazilian Ministry of Health has developed and provided the Citizen's Electronic Health Record (PEC e-SUS APS), a health information system freely available for utilization by all municipalities. Given the substantial financial investment being made to enhance the quality of health services in the country, it is crucial to understand how users evaluate this product. Consequently, this scoping review aims to map studies that have evaluated the PEC e-SUS APS. METHODS: This scoping review is guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) framework, as well as by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Checklist extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The research question was framed based on the "CoCoPop" mnemonic (Condition, Context, Population). The final question posed is, "How has the Citizen's Electronic Health Record (PEC e-SUS APS) been evaluated?" The search strategy will be executed across various databases (LILACS, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, ACM Digital Library, and IEEE Digital Library), along with gray literature from ProQuest Dissertation and Theses Global and Google Scholar, with assistance from a professional healthcare librarian skilled in supporting systematic reviews. The database search will encompass the period from 2013 to 2024. Articles included will be selected by three independent reviewers in two stages, and the findings will undergo a descriptive analysis and synthesis following a "narrative review" approach. Independent reviewers will chart the data as outlined in the literature. DISCUSSION: The implementation process for the PEC e-SUS APS can be influenced by the varying characteristics of the over 5500 Brazilian municipalities. These factors and other challenges encountered by health professionals and managers may prove pivotal for a municipality's adoption of the PEC e-SUS APS system. With the literature mapping to be obtained from this review, vital insights into how users have evaluated the PEC will be obtained. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: The protocol has been registered prospectively at the Open Science Framework platform under the number 10.17605/OSF.IO/NPKRU.

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The pressing challenges in waste management have motivated this comprehensive study examining prior research and contemporary trends concerning innovation and waste management. A meticulous investigation of 2264 documents (1968-2024) was conducted using bibliometrix R-tool to analyse Scopus and Web of Science databases, offering a holistic global perspective. Heightened societal concern about waste management, driven by soaring waste production from consumption patterns, requires urgent exploration of effective waste elimination and transformation systems. This study provides a comprehensive summary of the topic, delving deeply into its complexities. Through thorough analysis of global trends, it constitutes a significant stride towards identifying effective solutions, offering valuable contributions to both scientific understanding and practical applications. This research pioneers a comprehensive synthesis of innovation and waste management issues, showcasing originality and substantial contributions. The identified collaborative networks expose a lack of transnational cooperation, potentially hindering waste management innovation. Future research around waste management innovation should focus on synergies among competitors within the same industry and across industries to minimize waste and maximize resource utilization, 4.0 technologies, global waste chain impacts and challenges along with solutions for developing countries.

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This article investigates the intersection between innovation, Health 4.0, and financial management in the healthcare industry, emphasizing the importance of operational efficiency and quality of care. The study aims to analyze how financial management processes in healthcare relate to Health 4.0 and enhance care quality. It begins with a thorough theoretical grounding, proposing a framework that connects Health 4.0 with financial management practices. A systematic review of the literature was conducted, identifying trends, challenges, and opportunities in the financial management of Health 4.0. The results highlight selected articles on responsible innovation, Health 4.0 technologies, investments in health, hospital efficiency, performance forecasting, and high-cost patient management. These articles were clustered into "Data Analysis and Machine Learning in Healthcare" and "Health Management and Sustainability," providing a categorized understanding of the topics. The study reveals that Health 4.0 offers significant opportunities for process efficiency and cost reduction without compromising service quality. It highlights strategic advantages in addressing contemporary healthcare challenges by optimizing processes, improving financial projections, and incorporating advanced technologies efficiently. The successful implementation of Health 4.0 can lead to substantial improvements in service quality, adding value to patients and driving local economic development. This article offers valuable insights for healthcare professionals and managers, emphasizing the transformative potential of Health 4.0 and outlining strategies for its effective implementation. The clustering of articles provides a clearer understanding of current research in Health 4.0, contributing significantly to the field and guiding future research directions.

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Active learning has consistently played a significant role in education. Through interactive tasks, group projects, and a variety of engaging activities, students are encouraged to forge connections with the subject matter. However, the pandemic has necessitated that educators adapt and refine their active learning techniques to accommodate the online environment. This has resulted in stimulating innovations in the field, encompassing virtual simulations, online collaboration tools, and interactive multimedia. The COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly transformed the landscape of teaching and learning, particularly in higher education. One of the most prominent shifts has been the widespread adoption of active learning techniques, which have increased student engagement and fostered deeper learning experiences. In this chapter, we examine the evolution of active learning during the pandemic, emphasizing its advantages and challenges. Furthermore, we delve into the role of advances in artificial intelligence and their potential to enhance the effectiveness of active learning approaches. As we once focused on leveraging the opportunities of remote teaching, we must now shift our attention to harnessing the power of AI responsibly and ethically to benefit our students. Drawing from our expertise in educational innovation, we provide insights and recommendations for educators aiming to maximize the benefits of active learning in the post-pandemic era.

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Energy consumption of constructed educational facilities significantly impacts economic, social and environment sustainable development. It contributes to approximately 37% of the carbon dioxide emissions associated with energy use and procedures. This paper aims to introduce a study that investigates several artificial intelligence-based models to predict the energy consumption of the most important educational buildings; schools. These models include decision trees, K-nearest neighbors, gradient boosting, and long-term memory networks. The research also investigates the relationship between the input parameters and the yearly energy usage of educational buildings. It has been discovered that the school sizes and AC capacities are the most impact variable associated with higher energy consumption. While 'Type of School' is less direct or weaker correlation with 'Annual Consumption'. The four developed models were evaluated and compared in training and testing stages. The Decision Tree model demonstrates strong performance on the training data with an average prediction error of about 3.58%. The K-Nearest Neighbors model has significantly higher errors, with RMSE on training data as high as 38,429.4, which may be indicative of overfitting. In contrast, Gradient Boosting can almost perfectly predict the variations within the training dataset. The performance metrics suggest that some models manage this variability better than others, with Gradient Boosting and LSTM standing out in terms of their ability to handle diverse data ranges, from the minimum consumption of approximately 99,274.95 to the maximum of 683,191.8. This research underscores the importance of sustainable educational buildings not only as physical learning spaces but also as dynamic environments that contribute to informal educational processes. Sustainable buildings serve as real-world examples of environmental stewardship, teaching students about energy efficiency and sustainability through their design and operation. By incorporating advanced AI-driven tools to optimize energy consumption, educational facilities can become interactive learning hubs that encourage students to engage with concepts of sustainability in their everyday surroundings.

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We discuss the role of advanced biotechnology education in fostering sustainable bio-innovation systems. As a case study, we focus on Paraguay's Graduate Diploma in Innovation Management and Biotechnological Projects, which emphasizes interdisciplinary collaboration, stakeholder integration, and professionals skilled in the interplay between biotechnology, society, and governance. We highlight the relevance of educational programs in addressing the gap between academic research and industrial needs, thereby contributing to sustainable growth in the biotechnology sector.

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Introduction: This study aimed to develop, implement, and test a visuo-haptic simulator designed to explore the buoyancy phenomenon for freshman engineering students enrolled in physics courses. The primary goal was to enhance students' understanding of physical concepts through an immersive learning tool. Methods: The visuo-haptic simulator was created using the VIS-HAPT methodology, which provides high-quality visualization and reduces development time. A total of 182 undergraduate students were randomly assigned to either an experimental group that used the simulator or a control group that received an equivalent learning experience in terms of duration and content. Data were collected through pre- and post-tests and an exit-perception questionnaire. Results: Data analysis revealed that the experimental group achieved higher learning gains than the control group (p = 0.079). Additionally, students in the experimental group expressed strong enthusiasm for the simulator, noting its positive impact on their understanding of physical concepts. The VIS-HAPT methodology also reduced the average development time compared to similar visuo-haptic simulators. Discussion: The results demonstrate the efficacy of the buoyancy visuo-haptic simulator in improving students' learning experiences and validate the utility of the VIS-HAPT method for creating immersive educational tools in physics.

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Infectious disease (ID) cohorts are key to advancing public health surveillance, public policies, and pandemic responses. Unfortunately, ID cohorts often lack funding to store and share clinical-epidemiological (CE) data and high-dimensional laboratory (HDL) data long term, which is evident when the link between these data elements is not kept up to date. This becomes particularly apparent when smaller cohorts fail to successfully address the initial scientific objectives due to limited case numbers, which also limits the potential to pool these studies to monitor long-term cross-disease interactions within and across populations. CE data from 9 arbovirus (arthropod-borne viruses) cohorts in Latin America were retrospectively harmonized using the Maelstrom Research methodology and standardized to Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC). We created a harmonized and standardized meta-cohort that contains CE and HDL data from 9 arbovirus studies from Latin America. To facilitate advancements in cross-population inference and reuse of cohort data, the Reconciliation of Cohort Data for Infectious Diseases (ReCoDID) Consortium harmonized and standardized CE and HDL from 9 arbovirus cohorts into 1 meta-cohort. Interested parties will be able to access data dictionaries that include information on variables across the data sets via Bio Studies. After consultation with each cohort, linked harmonized and curated human cohort data (CE and HDL) will be made accessible through the European Genome-phenome Archive platform to data users after their requests are evaluated by the ReCoDID Data Access Committee. This meta-cohort can facilitate various joint research projects (eg, on immunological interactions between sequential flavivirus infections and for the evaluation of potential biomarkers for severe arboviral disease).

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RESUMEN Se analiza el papel de la planeación estratégica en la evaluación de impactos de un programa de cooperación internacional y su orientación a la innovación como eje transversal, para el cumplimiento de los objetivos institucionales. La investigación se basa en el estudio de tres proyectos que conforman el programa, para el análisis de sus impactos en la gestión de procesos universitarios. Bajo la perspectiva cualitativa de investigación, se empleó el estudio de casos sustentado en los métodos de análisis y síntesis e histórico-lógico, análisis de documentos y las nubes de palabras como herramienta de representación gráfica y descripción de los contenidos más frecuentes. Se propone un sistema de indicadores para la evaluación de impactos de proyectos internacionales, cuya implementación a través de los estudios de casos, evidenció debilidades en la gestión de la innovación que limitan la transferencia de tecnologías. Entre ellos, la escasa incorporación de profesionales de instituciones destinatarias de las 'tecnologías' a la formación posgraduada, prevalencia de prácticas tradicionales de difusión del conocimiento (a través de publicaciones y eventos científicos), y el desarrollo de 'tecnologías' con enfoque 'push'.

ABSTRACT The study aimed to examine the impact of strategic planning on the assessment of a development cooperation programme, with a focus on innovation as a key factor in achieving institutional objectives. The research analyzed three projects within the programme to assess their impact on university processes management. From a qualitative research perspective, this study employed a case study approach, utilizing methods such as analysis and synthesis and historical-logical, as well as documental analysis and word clouds as a graphic representation and description of frequently occurring content. The aim of the study was to propose a system of indicators for assessing the impact of development cooperation projects. Several shortcomings were identified in the university innovation management system, such as the low involvement of external stakeholders in the university postgraduate programme, the claustrum keeps traditional practices of knowledge dissemination through scientific publications and presentation of research results in scientific events, as well as the development of technologies with a push approach.

RESUMO Este artigo analisa o papel do planejamento estratégico na avaliação de impacto de um programa de cooperação internacional e sua orientação para a inovação como eixo transversal para o cumprimento dos objetivos institucionais. A pesquisa se baseia no estudo de três projetos que compõem o programa, com o objetivo de analisar seu impacto na gestão dos processos universitários. Sob a perspectiva qualitativa da pesquisa, foi utilizado um estudo de caso, baseado nos métodos de análise e síntese e histórico-lógico, análise documental e nuvens de palavras como ferramenta de representação gráfica e descrição dos conteúdos mais frequentes. Propõe-se um sistema de indicadores para a avaliação do impacto de projetos internacionais, cuja implementação por meio dos estudos de caso revelou fragilidades na gestão da inovação que limitam a transferência de tecnologias. Entre elas, a escassa incorporação de profissionais das instituições receptoras das "tecnologias" na formação pós-graduada, a prevalência de práticas tradicionais de disseminação do conhecimento (por meio de publicações e eventos científicos) e o desenvolvimento de "tecnologias" com enfoque "push".

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RESUMEN La transferencia de conocimiento, la capacidad de absorción y la innovación son factores clave para el éxito de las empresas. El propósito de este artículo es estudiar la relación teórica entre los conceptos: capacidad de absorción, transferencia de conocimiento e innovación en empresas de servicios, a través de una investigación bibliométrica, abordando 506 artículos científicos. Los resultados indican que existe una relación teórica positiva entre la Capacidad de absorción y la innovación, la transferencia de conocimiento y la innovación, así como entre la transferencia de conocimiento y la capacidad de absorción, cabe destacar el impacto que tienen estos conceptos y su relación para la gestión empresarial, y su importancia para fortalecer la competitividad e innovación, especialmente en los procesos de las organizaciones de servicios.

AВSTRАСT Knowledge transfer absorption capacity and innovation are key factors for the success of companies. The purpose of this article is to study the theoretical relationship between the concepts: of absorption capacity knowledge transfer and innovation in service companies, through bibliometric research addressing 506 scientific articles. The results indicate that there is a positive theoretical relationship between absorption capacity and innovation, knowledge transfer and innovation as well as between knowledge transfer and absorption capacity, it is worth highlighting the impact of these concepts and their relationship with business management, and their importance to strengthen competitiveness and innovation, especially in the processes of service organizations.

RESUMO A transferência de conhecimento, a capacidade de absorção e a inovação são fatores-chave para o sucesso das empresas. O objetivo deste artigo é estudar a relação teórica entre os conceitos: capacidade absortiva, transferência de conhecimento e inovação em empresas de serviços, por meio de uma pesquisa bibliométrica, abordando 506 artigos científicos. Os resultados indicam que existe uma relação teórica positiva entre capacidade absortiva e inovação, transferência de conhecimento e inovação, bem como entre transferência de conhecimento e capacidade absortiva, destacando o impacto desses conceitos e sua relação para a gestão empresarial e sua importância para o fortalecimento da competitividade e da inovação, especialmente nos processos das organizações de serviços.

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AВSTRAСT Mariana Mazzucato proposes a world economy driven by an entrepreneurial State that does not limit itself to correcting market failures. Instead, she proposes that its role should be innovative and risk-taking to become a creditor and share in the benefits generated by the different activities it promotes. He considers the redistribution of wealth necessary even the predistribution of wealth, a controversial proposal because assigning to society resources that have not been generated would lead to the assumption that these would come from more taxes or a higher level of indebtedness affecting future generations. The purpose of this article is to address the author's considerations of the State's role, as well as the main criticisms and points of view on its intervention, including the free market. It is based on a review of the texts The Entrepreneurial State, Mission Economy The Value of Things, and Let us not waste this crisis, in which Mazzucato repeatedly and even repetitively highlights the vital role played by the figure of the government in the success of companies such as Apple and Tesla, as well as in the trip to the moon, the pharmaceutical industry and nanotechnology. He also considers climate change and a new Green Pact to be significant challenges of the present generation; however, his postulates are not far from the growth objective of the traditional economy and neither is his perception of sustainability based on a business conception and not from an ecological vision. Confidence in the role of the State as an intervener in the economy is presented as an alternative to the optimistic vision of the market as an efficient allocator of resources for the economy

RESUMO Mariana Mazzucato propõe uma economia mundial impulsionada por um Estado empreendedor que não se limite a corrigir as falhas do mercado; ao contrário, propõe que seu papel seja inovador e que assuma riscos para se tornar credor e participar dos benefícios gerados pelas diferentes atividades que promove. Considera importante a redistribuição da riqueza, até mesmo a pré-distribuição da riqueza, uma proposta controversa porque atribuir à sociedade recursos que não foram gerados levaria à suposição de que esses recursos viriam de mais impostos ou de um maior nível de endividamento que afetaria as gerações futuras. O objetivo deste artigo é abordar as considerações do autor sobre o papel que o Estado deve desempenhar, bem como as principais críticas e críticas à sua intervenção, incluindo o livre mercado. Baseia-se em uma revisão dos textos El Estado emprendedor, Misión economía, El valor de las cosas e No desaprovechemos esta crisis, nos quais Mazzucato destaca, de forma reiterada e até repetitiva, o papel vital que a figura do governo desempenhou no sucesso de empresas como Apple e Tesla, bem como na viagem à lua, na indústria farmacêutica e na nanotecnologia. Ele também considera a mudança climática e um novo Green Deal como os principais desafios da geração atual, mas seus postulados não se afastam do objetivo de crescimento da economia tradicional, tampouco sua percepção de sustentabilidade se baseia em uma concepção de negócios, em vez de uma visão ecológica. A confiança no papel do Estado interventor na economia é apresentada como uma alternativa à visão otimista do mercado como um alocador eficiente de recursos para a economia.

RESUMEN Mariana Mazzucato propone una economía mundial impulsada por un Estado emprendedor que no se limite a corregir los fallos del mercado, por el contrario, propone que su papel sea innovador y asuma riesgos para hacerse acreedor y participe de los beneficios generados en las diferentes actividades que impulsa. Considera importante la redistribución de la riqueza, incluso, la predistribución de la misma, propuesta polémica porque asignar a la sociedad recursos que no se han generado llevaría a suponer que estos provendrán de más impuestos, o por un mayor nivel de endeudamiento con afectación de las generaciones futuras. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo abordar las consideraciones de la autora en torno al papel que debería cumplir el Estado, así como las principales críticas y señalamientos a su intervención, incluyendo el libre mercado. Este, se fundamenta en la revisión de los textos El Estado emprendedor, Misión economía, El valor de las cosas y No desaprovechemos esta crisis, en los cuales Mazzucato de manera reiterada, e incluso repetitiva resalta el vital papel que ha tenido la figura Gobiernista en el éxito de empresas como Apple y Tesla, así como en el viaje a la luna, la industria farmacéutica, y la nanotecnología. Considera también, que el cambio climático y un nuevo Pacto Verde son grandes desafíos de la presente generación, sin embargo, sus postulados no se alejan del objetivo de crecimiento de la economía tradicional, y tampoco su percepción de sostenibilidad cimentada sobre una concepción empresarial, y no desde una visión ecológica. La confianza en el papel del Estado interventor en la economía se presenta como una alternativa a la visión optimista del mercado como eficiente asignador de recursos para la economía.

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BACKGROUND: We propose a framework to assess the value of pharmaceutical innovations, with explicit clinical and methodological parameters, based on the therapeutic value and health needs. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The study was based on the adaptation of health technology assessment methods documented in the literature, which was applied to a sample of oncological drugs. Difficulties and issues during the application of those tools were identified and addressed to develop a new framework with new and revised domains and clear classification criterion for each domain. Scores were assigned to each level and domain according to their relevance to generate the final score of innovativeness. RESULTS: The Pharmaceutical Innovation Index (PII) includes four domains, two related to clinical and social dimensions - Therapeutic Need and Added Therapeutic Value - and other two about methodological features - Study Design and Quality (risk of bias). The scores combined after assigned to each domain results Index of the Innovativeness of the medicines represents the degree of pharmaceutical innovation. CONCLUSION: This work proposes a transparent methodology with well-defined criteria and script; the algorithm developed with authors' weightings and criteria may be switched to best adjust to other applications, perspective or clinical indications, while keeping the transparency and objectiveness.

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This is the second part of the Brazilian S20 mental health report. The mental health working group is dedicated to leveraging scientific insights to foster innovation and propose actionable recommendations for implementation in Brazil and participating countries. In addressing the heightened mental health challenges in a post-pandemic world, strategies should encompass several key elements. This second part of the S20 Brazilian Mental Health Report will delve into some of these elements, including: the impact of climate change on mental health, the influence of environmental factors on neurodevelopmental disorders, the intersection of serious mental illness and precision psychiatry, the co-occurrence of physical and mental disorders, advancements in biomarkers for mental disorders, the utilization of digital health in mental healthcare, the implementation of interventional psychiatry, and the design of innovative mental health systems integrating principles of innovation and human rights. Reassessing the treatment settings for psychiatric patients within general hospitals, where their mental health and physical needs are addressed should be prioritized in mental health policy. As the S20 countries prepare for the future, we need principles that stand to advance innovation, uphold human rights, and strive for the highest standards in mental health care.

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INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: During the 1150 days of COVID-19 pandemic there were great efforts to develop efficient treatments for the disease. After this long time, some drugs emerged as treatment for COVID-19. Some of them are new drugs, most of them, known drugs. These developments were triggered by information already available in patent documents. Pharmaceutical companies, therefore, rushed to conduct drugs evaluations and trials in order to deliver to the world a reasonable treatment that could reach the majority of its population. However, it is not immediately clear how companies operated to reach their goals. The ability of open innovation to achieve results assertively and faster than closed innovation strategies is questioned and therefore, it is questioned whether pharmaceutical companies use open innovation to face COVID-19. METHODS: In this work, data available on patent databases were mined to inform about the scientific and technological panorama of selected drugs tested for COVID-19 treatment and to understand the perspectives of such developments during the pandemic. RESULTS: This study evidenced that most treatments were based on known drugs, that some of the initially promising drugs were abandoned during the pandemic, and that it was able to inform if open innovation and collaborations were explored strategies. CONCLUSION: This study evidenced that the developments during COVID-19 were not based on open innovation by revealing a patent race towards the treatment development, but with practically no collaborations or information exchange between companies, universities, and research facilities.

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Implementing and deploying advanced technologies are principal in improving manufacturing processes, signifying a transformative stride in the industrial sector. Computer vision plays a crucial innovation role during this technological advancement, demonstrating broad applicability and profound impact across various industrial operations. This pivotal technology is not merely an additive enhancement but a revolutionary approach that redefines quality control, automation, and operational efficiency parameters in manufacturing landscapes. By integrating computer vision, industries are positioned to optimize their current processes significantly and spearhead innovations that could set new standards for future industrial endeavors. However, the integration of computer vision in these contexts necessitates comprehensive training programs for operators, given this advanced system's complexity and abstract nature. Historically, training modalities have grappled with the complexities of understanding concepts as advanced as computer vision. Despite these challenges, computer vision has recently surged to the forefront across various disciplines, attributed to its versatility and superior performance, often matching or exceeding the capabilities of other established technologies. Nonetheless, there is a noticeable knowledge gap among students, particularly in comprehending the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) within Computer Vision. This disconnect underscores the need for an educational paradigm transcending traditional theoretical instruction. Cultivating a more practical understanding of the symbiotic relationship between AI and computer vision is essential. To address this, the current work proposes a project-based instructional approach to bridge the educational divide. This methodology will enable students to engage directly with the practical aspects of computer vision applications within AI. By guiding students through a hands-on project, they will learn how to effectively utilize a dataset, train an object detection model, and implement it within a microcomputer infrastructure. This immersive experience is intended to bolster theoretical knowledge and provide a practical understanding of deploying AI techniques within computer vision. The main goal is to equip students with a robust skill set that translates into practical acumen, preparing a competent workforce to navigate and innovate in the complex landscape of Industry 4.0. This approach emphasizes the criticality of adapting educational strategies to meet the evolving demands of advanced technological infrastructures. It ensures that emerging professionals are adept at harnessing the potential of transformative tools like computer vision in industrial settings.

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Background: Colombia is a Latin American country with a very complex social and political context that has not allowed the allocation of sufficient resources to the fields of science, technology, and innovation (STI). This is particularly worrying for the area of health since not enough resources are allocated for public health, research, or education. Methods: The so-called "Great Survey in Health 2019" was administered online through the SurveyMonkey platform to 5298 people in different regions of the country, representing the public, private, and academic sectors. The questionnaire consisted of 46 open and closed questions, including demographic inquiries. Data analysis involved textual analytics and sentiment analysis. Results: Overall, 56% of those surveyed were women within the adult life cycle. Most respondents had a postgraduate education. Greater participation was observed in the Oriental, Bogotá, and Antioquia regions, which also concentrate the largest number of resources for STI. Among the main recommendations derived from the results, priorities include investing in research, personalised medicine, promoting the social appropriation of knowledge, addressing mental health, regulating research through a statute, promoting undergraduate research, and establishing recertification exams to pursue excellence. Conclusion: The results of this original study serve as a fundamental input to promote and strengthen the STI processes in life sciences and health. They serve as a guide to generate public policies and actions that guarantee better health and well-being for the Colombian population, strategically proposing a clear roadmap for the next 20 years.