RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The increasing incidence of syphilis worldwide has called attention to the risk of transmission by transfusion. AIMS: To determine the prevalence of active syphilis in blood donors and characterise the serological profile of syphilis-positive donors. METHODS: Samples positive for Treponema pallidum using the chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) during blood donor screening from 2017 to 2018 were tested by the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) non-treponemal test and for anti-T. pallidum IgM by ELISA (Immunoassay Enzyme test for detection of IgM antibodies). The INNO-LIA Syphilis test (Line Immuno Assay solid test for confirmation antibodies to Treponema pallidum) was performed as a confirmatory test on samples that were positive on ELISA-IgM but negative on VDRL. ELISA-IgM (+) samples were also tested for T. pallidum DNA in sera by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: Of 248 542 samples screened, 1679 (0.67%) were positive for syphilis by CMIA. Further analysis was performed on 1144 (68.1%) of these samples. Of those tested, 16% were ELISA IgM(+)/VDRL(+), 16.5% were ELISA IgM(-)/VDRL(+), 4.1% were ELISA IgM(+)/VDRL(-), and 63.4% were ELISA IgM (-)/VDRL(-). The INNO-LIA Syphilis test results were 33 (3%) positive, 2 (0.2%) undetermined and 12 (1%) negative. Of the 230 EIA-IgM(+) samples (20.1%), 5 (2.2%) were PCR positive. The prevalence of active syphilis in 2017 and 2018 was 0.1% and 0.07%, respectively, and overall prevalence of serologic markers for syphilis was highest among male, unmarried, 25-34-year-olds with a high school education and who were first-time donors. CONCLUSION: There is a risk of transfusion-transmitted syphilis in blood banks that exclusively use the VDRL test for donor screening, as is currently the situation in some Brazilian blood centres, as well as in other blood centres around the world.

Asunto(s)

Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Donantes de Sangre , Seguridad de la Sangre , Selección de Donante/métodos , Serodiagnóstico de la Sífilis , Sífilis/diagnóstico , Treponema pallidum/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biomarcadores/sangre , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoensayo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Prevalencia , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Sífilis/sangre , Sífilis/epidemiología , Sífilis/transmisión , Serodiagnóstico de la Sífilis/métodos , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: In this work, a drug product composed of an IgM antibody derived from a hybridoma subclone 4C1F6D5G7B8 was prepared and further labeled with PpIX to be used in cell lines A-549 and MRC-5. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential theranostic activity of the obtained product together with photodynamic therapy (PDT). METHODS: The IgM antibody labeled with PpIX was used in different concentrations to perform theranostics with PDT in cell lines A-549 and MRC-5 in order to identify the specificity of IgM antibody in lung cancer cells by means of a LED-irradiation system set at 630 nm. The location of the conjugate was further determined by confocal microscopy. RESULTS: The theranostic with conjugate Ab-PpIX in the A-549 cell lines showed fluorescence by confocal microscopy, whereas the MRC-5 cell line showed no reactivity. The PDT with the conjugate in the cell line A-549 decreased its viability 70% compared to the control. On the contrary, with the MRC-5 cell line no viability diference was shown. The confocal microscopy applied to the cell line A-549 showed that the Ab-PpIX was majorly located at the cytoplasm. CONCLUSION: Ab-PpIX showed therapeutical potential in lung cancer cells A-549 and had no activity in non-cancerous lung cells (MCR-5).

Asunto(s)

Inmunoconjugados/farmacología , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/farmacología , Protoporfirinas/farmacología , Nanomedicina Teranóstica/métodos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina M , Inmunoglobulinas , Queratinas/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo

RESUMEN

The cellular immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection has been well characterized, while the humoral antibody response remains underexplored. We aimed to examine the total and anti-phospholipid IgM levels in the pleural lavage from mice with Mycobacterium bovis BCG extrapulmonary infection. We found that the levels of total and anti-phosphatidylcholine IgM antibodies remained significantly higher in infected mice as compared to non-infected mice up to day 90 after BCG infection, while the anti-cardiolipin IgM antibody levels decreased with bacteria clearance. Our findings suggest that IgM antibodies are secreted and their composition vary during early and late immune response to BCG pleurisy.

Asunto(s)

Anticuerpos Antifosfolípidos/inmunología , Inmunidad Humoral , Inmunoglobulina M/inmunología , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/inmunología , Fosfatidilcolinas/inmunología , Tuberculosis Pleural/inmunología , Animales , Anticuerpos Anticardiolipina/inmunología , Carga Bacteriana , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Factores de Tiempo , Tuberculosis Pleural/microbiología

RESUMEN

ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVO Aproximadamente 240 millones de personas a nivel mundial están infectadas con Hepatitis B, mientras que más de 780 mil mueren cada año a causa de alguna complicación producto de esta enfermedad. En términos de vigilancia epidemiológica, al ser ésta una Enfermedad de Notificación Obligatoria (ENO), cada vez que se reporta un caso, se deben considerar medidas de profilaxis para los contactos que puedan contraer la enfermedad. De esta forma, recién nacidos de madres con Hepatitis B son vacunados, además de recibir Inmunoglobulina anti-Hepatitis B (Ig anti-HB), para prevenir la transmisión vertical de esta enfermedad, lo cual está incorporado en la guía clínica actual de tratamiento En este contexto en Departamento de Epidemiología solicita esta síntesis con el objetivo de conocer el efecto de aplicar Inmunoglobulina anti-Hepatitis B (Ig anti-HB) a contactos sexuales, de manera de evaluar su incorporación en la actualización de la circular de vigilancia epidemiológica para esta condición. METODOLOGÍA Se formuló una estrategia de búsqueda para ser utilizada en 10 bases de datos con el objetivo de identificar revisiones sistemáticas del tema. Al no encontrarse, se procedió a buscar estudios primarios que abordaran la pregunta estudiada. Se excluyeron los casos que consideraban exposiciones del personal de salud, transmisión vertical e inmunosupresión. Consultando al solicitante, se decidió excluir cualquier tipo de transmisión no sexual. RESULTADOS -La evidencia encontrada muestra que la Ig anti-HB no genera diferencia sobre el número de casos con HBsAg+, en comparación a Ig no específica. -La evidencia encontrada muestra que la Ig anti-HB no genera diferencia sobre el número de casos con anti-HBc+, en comparación a Ig no específica. -La evidencia encontrada muestra que la Ig anti-HB, en comparación a Ig no específica, reduce levemente el número de casos clínicos de Hepatitis B. -La calidad de la evidencia es incierta, puesto que este resumen no realiza una evaluación de ésta. -Se han notificado más de 5 000 casos de Hepatitis B entre 2001 y 2012, más del 80% en población masculina.

Asunto(s)

Prevención Primaria , Transmisión de Enfermedad Infecciosa , Chile , Coito

RESUMEN

INTRODUÇÃO: A utilidade da detecção de anticorpos da imunoglobulina da classe M (IgM) no diagnóstico da sífilis tem sido discutida há tempos. OBJETIVO: No presente estudo foi analisada a ocorrência de anticorpo IgM anti-T. pallidum (Tp-IgMAc) nas amostras de pacientes com sífilis recente, na fase de soroconversão e no monitoramento da resposta sorológica pós-tratamento. MÉTODOS: Amostras séricas de 11 indivíduos. RESULTADOS: Na soroconversão, o Tp-IgMAc foi detectado nas amostras de 10 indivíduos, e em um paciente a reatividade IgM ocorreu anteriormente ao Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL). A sororreversão foi evidenciada nas amostras de três pacientes com sífilis secundária tratada, e em um indivíduo com reinfecção. CONCLUSÃO: A detecção de Tp-IgMAc mostrou ser um potencial marcador diagnóstico de sífilis ativa e o desempenho do ensaio imunoenzimático de captura de IgM (ELISA-IgM) para o monitoramento pós-tratamento foi similar ao da VDRL.

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INTRODUCTION: The appropriateness of IgM antibody detection in the diagnosis of syphilis has been extensively discussed. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at assessing the detection of anti-T. pallidum IgM antibody (TP-IgMAb) in serum samples from patients with recent syphilis in seroconversion and in the monitoring of post-treatment serological response. METHODS: Serum samples from 11 individuals. RESULTS: At seroconversion, positive Tp-IgMAb was detected in 10 samples and IgM reactivity previous to Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) was detected in one sample. Seroreversion was found in samples from three treated patients with secondary syphilis and in one individual with reinfection. CONCLUSION: Tp-IgMAb detection proved to be a potential diagnostic marker for active syphilis, and IgM capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA-IgM) performance was similar to VDRL in post-treatment monitoring.