RESUMEN

N-myc and STAT interactor (NMI) is an interferon-induced protein, which plays a variety of biological functions by participating in signal transduction and transcriptional activation, it has been reported to regulate antiviral response of different viruses in many species. However, the role of NMI in ducks during Duck Tembusu Virus (DTMUV) infection is completely unknown. In order to reveal whether duck NMI (duNMI) is involved in the antiviral response in the process of DTMUV infection and its role, we cloned and identified duNMI gene, and conducted sequence analysis of duNMI, the open reading frame region of duNMI gene is 1,137 bp, encoding 378 amino acid residues (aa), including 3 domains, Coiled-coil domain (22-126aa), NMI/IFP 35 domain 1 (NID1) domain (174-261aa) and NMI/IFP 35 domain 2 (NID2) domain (272-360aa). Analysis of tissue distribution of duNMI in 7-day-old ducks shows that the expression of duNMI is the highest in harderian gland, followed by small intestine and pancreas. Subsequently, we found that mRNA level of duNMI increases significantly after DTMUV stimulation, and overexpression of duNMI inhibits DTMUV replication in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, duNMI inhibits the transcriptional activity of IFN-I related cytokines. Specifically, we confirmed that duNMI interacts with duck regulatory factor 7 (duIRF7) through NID1 and NID2 domains and inhibit its expression and activated-IFN-ß. These results support that duNMI is an inhibitor of antiviral innate immune response in the process of DTMUV infection, which will provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of DTMUV infection.

RESUMEN

The production of type I interferon is tightly regulated to prevent excessive immune activation. However, the role of selective autophagy receptor SQSTM1 in this regulation in teleost remains unknown. In this study, we cloned the triploid fish SQSTM1 (3nSQSTM1), which comprises 1371 nucleotides, encoding 457 amino acids. qRT-PCR data revealed that the transcript levels of SQSTM1 in triploid fish were increased both in vivo and in vitro following spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) infection. Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed that 3nSQSTM1 was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm. Luciferase reporter assay results showed that 3nSQSTM1 significantly blocked the activation of interferon promoters induced by 3nMDA5, 3nMAVS, 3nTBK1, and 3nIRF7. Co-immunoprecipitation assays further confirmed that 3nSQSTM1 could interact with both 3nTBK1 and 3nIRF7. Moreover, upon co-transfection, 3nSQSTM1 significantly inhibited the antiviral activity mediated by TBK1 and IRF7. Mechanistically, 3nSQSTM1 decreased the TBK1 phosphorylation and its interaction with 3nIRF7, thereby suppressing the subsequent antiviral response. Notably, we discovered that 3nSQSTM1 also interacted with SVCV N and P proteins, and these viral proteins may exploit 3nSQSTM1 to further limit the host's antiviral innate immune responses. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that 3nSQSTM1 plays a pivotal role in negatively regulating the interferon signaling pathway by targeting 3nTBK1 and 3nIRF7.

Asunto(s)

Carpas , Enfermedades de los Peces , Proteínas de Peces , Inmunidad Innata , Factor 7 Regulador del Interferón , Infecciones por Rhabdoviridae , Rhabdoviridae , Animales , Inmunidad Innata/genética , Enfermedades de los Peces/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Peces/virología , Proteínas de Peces/genética , Proteínas de Peces/inmunología , Factor 7 Regulador del Interferón/genética , Factor 7 Regulador del Interferón/inmunología , Rhabdoviridae/fisiología , Infecciones por Rhabdoviridae/inmunología , Infecciones por Rhabdoviridae/veterinaria , Carpas/inmunología , Carpas/genética , Proteína Sequestosoma-1/genética , Proteína Sequestosoma-1/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/inmunología , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/inmunología , Transducción de Señal/inmunología , Triploidía , Filogenia , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Alineación de Secuencia/veterinaria , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica/veterinaria

RESUMEN

AIM: The main focus of this study is to explore the molecular mechanism of IRF7 regulation on RPS18 transcription in M1-type macrophages in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) tissue, as well as the transfer of RPS18 by IRF7 via exosomes to PAAD cells and the regulation of ILF3 expression. METHODS: By utilising single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data and spatial transcriptomics (ST) data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, we identified distinct cell types with significant expression differences in PAAD tissue. Among these cell types, we identified those closely associated with lipid metabolism. The differentially expressed genes within these cell types were analysed, and target genes relevant to prognosis were identified. Flow cytometry was employed to assess the expression levels of target genes in M1 and M2 macrophages. Cell lines with target gene knockout were constructed using CRISPR/Cas9 editing technology, and cell lines with target gene knockdown and overexpression were established using lentiviral vectors. Additionally, a co-culture model of exosomes derived from M1 macrophages with PAAD cells was developed. The impact of M1 macrophage-derived exosomes on the lipid metabolism of PAAD cells in the model was evaluated through metabolomics analysis. The effects of M1 macrophage-derived exosomes on the viability, proliferation, division, migration and apoptosis of PAAD cells were assessed using MTT assay, flow cytometry, EdU assay, wound healing assay, Transwell assay and TUNEL staining. Furthermore, a mouse PAAD orthotopic implantation model was established, and bioluminescence imaging was utilised to assess the influence of M1 macrophage-derived exosomes on the intratumoural formation capacity of PAAD cells, as well as measuring tumour weight and volume. The expression of proliferation-associated proteins in tumour tissues was examined using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Through combined analysis of scRNA-seq and ST technologies, we discovered a close association between M1 macrophages in PAAD samples and lipid metabolism signals, as well as a negative correlation between M1 macrophages and cancer cells. The construction of a prognostic risk score model identified RPS18 and IRF7 as two prognostically relevant genes in M1 macrophages, exhibiting negative and positive correlations, respectively. Mechanistically, it was found that IRF7 in M1 macrophages can inhibit the transcription of RPS18, reducing the transfer of RPS18 to PAAD cells via exosomes, consequently affecting the expression of ILF3 in PAAD cells. IRF7/RPS18 in M1 macrophages can also suppress lipid metabolism, cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion and intratumoural formation capacity of PAAD cells, while promoting cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Overexpression of IRF7 in M1 macrophages may inhibit RPS18 transcription, reduce the transfer of RPS18 from M1 macrophage-derived exosomes to PAAD cells, thereby suppressing ILF3 expression in PAAD cells, inhibiting the lipid metabolism pathway, and curtailing the viability, proliferation, migration, invasion of PAAD cells, as well as enhancing cell apoptosis, ultimately inhibiting tumour formation in PAAD cells in vivo. Targeting IRF7/RPS18 in M1 macrophages could represent a promising immunotherapeutic approach for PAAD in the future.

Asunto(s)

Factor 7 Regulador del Interferón , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Macrófagos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Análisis de la Célula Individual , Animales , Humanos , Ratones , Línea Celular Tumoral , Factor 7 Regulador del Interferón/genética , Factor 7 Regulador del Interferón/metabolismo , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/genética , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/genética , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patología , Análisis de la Célula Individual/métodos

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells have a pivotal function in preserving the equilibrium of the retina and moderating the immunological interaction between the choroid and the retina. This study primarily focuses on delineating the protective effect offered by Kaempferol (Kae) against RPE cell damage. METHODS: Bioinformatics analysis was performed on the GSE30719 dataset to identify hub genes associated with RPE. Subsequently, we analyzed the impact of Kae on RPE apoptosis, cell viability, and inflammatory response through cell experiments, and explored the interaction between hub genes and Kae. RESULTS: Based on the GSE30719 dataset, nine hub genes (ISG15, IFIT1, IFIT3, STAT1, OASL, RSAD2, IRF7, MX2, and MX1) were identified, all of which were highly expressed in the GSE30719 case group. Kae could boost the proliferative activity of RPE cells caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as well as reduce apoptosis and the generation of inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR), interleukin-1beta (IL-1ß)) and cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-12). STAT1 was shown to inhibit cell proliferation, promote apoptosis, and secrete IL-1/IL-6/IL-12 in LPS-induced RPE cells. Moreover, IRF7 was found to interact with STAT1 in LPS-induced RPE cells, and STAT1 could maintain IRF7 levels through deubiquitination. In addition, we also found that the protective effect of Kae on LPS-induced RPE cell injury was mediated through STAT1/IRF7 axis. CONCLUSION: This study provided evidence that Kae protects RPE cells via regulating the STAT1/IRF7 signaling pathways, indicating its potential therapeutic relevance in the diagnosis and management of retinal disorders linked with RPE cell damage.

Asunto(s)

Apoptosis , Factor 7 Regulador del Interferón , Quempferoles , Epitelio Pigmentado de la Retina , Factor de Transcripción STAT1 , Ubiquitinación , Humanos , Epitelio Pigmentado de la Retina/metabolismo , Epitelio Pigmentado de la Retina/efectos de los fármacos , Factor de Transcripción STAT1/metabolismo , Factor 7 Regulador del Interferón/metabolismo , Factor 7 Regulador del Interferón/genética , Ubiquitinación/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Quempferoles/farmacología , Línea Celular , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Células Epiteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Lipopolisacáridos , Proteolisis/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Citocinas/metabolismo , Citocinas/genética

RESUMEN

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major global health challenge. Chemotherapy can cause HCC cells to become senescent. Senescent HCC cells play an important role in inhibiting or promoting cancer by producing extracellular vesicles with a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (EV-SASP). miRNA can be strongly upregulated in EV-SASP during the aging process and can substantially alter the phenotypic characteristics of cells. MiRNA microarray analysis revealed that miRNA-146a-5p was highly expressed in oxaliplatin- and H2O2-induced senescent Huh7 cells, and RT‒PCR confirmed its significant upregulation in exosomes. The transcriptome sequencing results of Huh7 cells overexpressing miRNA-146a-5p suggested that miRNA-146a-5p could regulate HCC cell glycolysis. Subsequently, a dual luciferase assay was used to verify whether miRNA-146a-5p can interact with IRF7 to promote aging. The key functions of miRNA-146a-5p and IRF7 in aerobic glycolysis in liver cancer cells were determined through experiments analyzing glucose uptake, lactate production, the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and the proton efflux rate (PER). Subsequently, the regulatory effect of IRF7 on the key glycolytic gene PFKL was confirmed through luciferase reporter assays. The western blot experiment results showed that miR-146a-5p can activate CHK2 and p53 phosphorylated proteins by targeting IRF7, and upregulate p21 protein. Overexpression of miRNA-146a-5p effectively inhibited the aerobic glycolytic function of HCC cells. Moreover, silencing IRF7 effectively inhibited aerobic glycolysis. MiR-146a-5p. MiR-146a-5p can activate the phosphorylation of CHK2 phosphorylation protein and its downstream protein p53 by targeting IRF7, and the activated p53 upregulates the expression of p21. Our study revealed that exosomal miRNA-146a-5p produced by aging HCC cells, can inhibit HCC cell proliferation through inhibiting aerobic glycolysis and promote HCC cell aging by activating CHK2/p53/p21 signaling way by targeting IRF7.

RESUMEN

AIMS: This study aimed to elucidate the biological roles and regulatory mechanisms of B-cell lymphoma 7 protein family member A (BCL7A) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), particularly its interaction with polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (PTBP1) and the effects on cancer progression and drug resistance. METHODS: BCL7A expression levels were analyzed in AML tissues and cell lines, focusing on associations with promoter hypermethylation. Interaction with PTBP1 and effects of differential expression of BCL7A were examined in vitro and in vivo. The impacts on cell proliferation, cycle progression, apoptosis, and differentiation were studied. Additionally, the regulatory roles of BCL7A on interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 (HMGCS1) were assessed. RESULTS: BCL7A was downregulated in AML due to promoter hypermethylation and negatively regulated by PTBP1. Upregulation of BCL7A impeded AML cell growth, induced apoptosis, promoted cell differentiation, and decreased cell infiltration into lymph nodes, enhancing survival in mouse models. Overexpression of BCL7A upregulated IRF7 and downregulated HMGCS1, linking to reduced AML cell malignancy and decreased resistance to cytarabine. CONCLUSIONS: BCL7A acts as a tumor suppressor in AML, inhibiting malignant progression and enhancing drug sensitivity through the IRF7/HMGCS1 pathway. These findings suggest potential therapeutic targets for improving AML treatment outcomes.

Asunto(s)

Apoptosis , Proliferación Celular , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Ribonucleoproteínas Nucleares Heterogéneas , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Proteína de Unión al Tracto de Polipirimidina , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patología , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/metabolismo , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Ratones , Proteína de Unión al Tracto de Polipirimidina/metabolismo , Proteína de Unión al Tracto de Polipirimidina/genética , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Ribonucleoproteínas Nucleares Heterogéneas/metabolismo , Ribonucleoproteínas Nucleares Heterogéneas/genética , Metilación de ADN , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , Masculino , Femenino , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/genética , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/metabolismo , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación Leucémica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos

RESUMEN

Outbreaks of short beak and dwarfism syndrome (SBDS), caused by a novel goose parvovirus (NGPV), have occurred in China since 2015. The NGPV, a single-stranded DNA virus, is thought to be vertically transmitted. However, the mechanism of NGPV immune evasion remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the impact of NGPV infection on the Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway in duck embryonic fibroblast (DEF) cells. Our findings demonstrate that NGPV infection stimulates the mRNA expression of cGAS but results in weak IFN-ß induction. NGPV impedes the expression of IFN-ß and downstream interferon-stimulated genes, thereby reducing the secretion of IFN-ß induced by interferon-stimulating DNA (ISD) and poly (I: C). RNA-seq results show that NGPV infection downregulates interferon mRNA expression while enhancing the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors. Additionally, the results of viral protein over-expression indicate that VP1 exhibits a remarkable ability to inhibit IFN-ß expression compared to other viral proteins. Results indicated that only the intact VP1 protein could inhibit the expression of IFN-ß, while the truncated proteins VP1U and VP2 do not possess such characteristics. The immunoprecipitation experiment showed that both VP1 and VP2 could interact with IRF7 protein, while VP1U does not. In summary, our findings indicate that NGPV infection impairs the host's innate immune response by potentially modulating the expression and secretion of interferons and interferon-stimulating factors via IRF7 molecules, which are regulated by the VP1 protein.

Asunto(s)

Factor 7 Regulador del Interferón , Infecciones por Parvoviridae , Parvovirinae , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral , Transducción de Señal , Animales , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/virología , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/inmunología , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/virología , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/inmunología , Factor 7 Regulador del Interferón/metabolismo , Factor 7 Regulador del Interferón/genética , Parvovirinae/genética , Parvovirinae/fisiología , Proteínas Aviares/genética , Proteínas Aviares/metabolismo , Patos , Gansos , Interferón Tipo I/metabolismo , Interferón Tipo I/genética , Interferón Tipo I/inmunología

RESUMEN

The recent emergence of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome caused by highly pathogenic fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) has resulted in significant economic losses to the poultry industry. However, the early innate immune response of immune organs within 24 hpi and the induction of autophagy in vivo after FAdV-4 infection have not been fully elucidated. In this study, 35-day-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were artificially infected with hypervirulent FAdV-4, which resulted in a mortality rate of up to 90%. The results showed that FAdV-4 infection rapidly triggered the innate immune response in vivo of chickens, with the spleen eliciting a stronger innate immune response than the thymus and bursa. During the early stage of viral infection within 24 hpi, the main receptors TLR3/7/21, MDA5, and cGAS were activated via the NF-κB and TBK1/IRF7-dependent signaling pathways, which up-regulated production of inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons. Additionally, the expression levels of the autophagy-related molecules LC3B, Beclin1, and ATG5 were significantly up-regulated at 24 hpi, while degradation of SQSTM1/p62 was observed, suggesting that FAdV-4 infection elicits a complete autophagy response in the spleen. Besides, the colocalization of Fiber2 and LC3B suggested that FAdV-4 infection induced autophagy which benefits FAdV-4 replication in vivo. This study provides new insights into the immunoregulation signal pathways of the early innate immunity in response to hypervirulent FAdV-4 infection in vivo within 24 hpi and the close relationship between viral replication and autophagy.

Asunto(s)

Infecciones por Adenoviridae , Autofagia , Aviadenovirus , Pollos , Inmunidad Innata , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral , Bazo , Animales , Infecciones por Adenoviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Adenoviridae/inmunología , Infecciones por Adenoviridae/virología , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/virología , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/inmunología , Pollos/inmunología , Bazo/virología , Bazo/inmunología , Aviadenovirus/fisiología , Aviadenovirus/inmunología , Aviadenovirus/patogenicidad , Organismos Libres de Patógenos Específicos , Serogrupo , Virulencia

RESUMEN

Type I interferons (IFN-I) are pleiotropic factors endowed with multiple activities that play important roles in innate and adaptive immunity. Although many studies indicate that IFN-I inducers exert favorable effects on broad-spectrum antivirus, immunomodulation, and anti-tumor activities by inducing endogenous IFN-I and IFN-stimulated genes, their function in bone homeostasis still needs further exploration. Here, our study demonstrates 2 distinct IFN-I inducers, diABZI and poly(I:C), as potential therapeutics to alleviate osteolysis and osteoporosis. First, IFN-I inducers suppress the genes that control osteoclast (OC) differentiation and activity in vitro. Moreover, diABZI alleviates bone loss in Ti particle-induced osteolysis and ovariectomized -induced osteoporosis in vivo by inhibiting OC differentiation and function. In addition, the inhibitory effects of IFN-I inducers on OC differentiation are not observed in macrophages derived from Ifnar1-/-mice, which indicate that the suppressive effect of IFN-I inducers on OC is IFNAR-dependent. Mechanistically, RNAi-mediated silencing of IRF7 and IFIT3 in OC precursors impairs the suppressive effect of the IFN-I inducers on OC differentiation. Taken together, these results demonstrate that IFN-I inducers play a protective role in bone turnover by limiting osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption through the induction of OC-specific mediators via the IFN-I signaling pathway.

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OCs are responsible for bone resorption, and their excessive differentiation and enhanced activity will lead to bone resorption diseases such as osteoporosis and osteolysis. Here, our study demonstrates 2 distinct IFN-I inducers, diABZI and poly(I:C), as potential therapeutics to alleviate osteolysis and osteoporosis. IFN-I inducers suppress OC differentiation, and particularly diABZI alleviates bone loss in osteolysis and osteoporosis mouse models. Taken together, IFN-I inducers play a protective role in bone turnover by limiting osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption through the induction of OC-specific mediators via the IFN-I signaling pathway. Our in-depth and comprehensive discovery of the IFN-I inducer would provide new insight into OC biology and therapeutic targets for osteoclastic bone resorption diseases.

Asunto(s)

Resorción Ósea , Diferenciación Celular , Factor 7 Regulador del Interferón , Osteoclastos , Poli I-C , Animales , Osteoclastos/metabolismo , Osteoclastos/efectos de los fármacos , Osteoclastos/patología , Factor 7 Regulador del Interferón/metabolismo , Resorción Ósea/patología , Ratones , Poli I-C/farmacología , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Interferón Tipo I/metabolismo , Receptor de Interferón alfa y beta/metabolismo , Receptor de Interferón alfa y beta/genética , Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis/metabolismo , Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis/genética , Humanos , Osteólisis/patología , Osteólisis/metabolismo , Osteólisis/tratamiento farmacológico

RESUMEN

During virus-host co-evolution, viruses have developed multiple strategies to dampen IFN response and prevent its antiviral activity in host cells. To date, the interactions between host IFN response and the immune evasion strategies exploited by fish iridoviruses still remain largely uncertain. Here, a potential immune evasion protein candidate of Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV), VP82 (encoded by SGIV ORF82) was screened and its roles during viral replication were investigated in detail. Firstly, VP82 overexpression dramatically decreased IFN or ISRE promoter activity and the transcription levels of IFN stimulated genes (ISGs) stimulated by grouper cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (EccGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes (EcSTING), TANK-binding kinase 1 (EcTBK1), IFN regulatory factor 3 (EcIRF3)and EcIRF7. Secondly, Co-IP assays indicated that VP82 interacted with EcIRF3 and EcIRF7, but not EcSTING and EcTBK1, which was consistent with the co-localization between VP82 and EcIRF3 or EcIRF7. Furthermore, VP82 promoted the degradation of EcIRF3 and EcIRF7 in a dose-dependent manner via the autophagy pathway. Finally, VP82 overexpression accelerated SGIV replication, evidenced by the increased transcriptions of viral core genes and viral production. Moreover, the antiviral action of EcIRF3 or EcIRF7 was significantly depressed in VP82 overexpressed cells. Together, VP82 was speculated to exert crucial roles for SGIV replication by inhibiting the IFN response via the degradation of IRF3 and IRF7. Our findings provided new insights into understanding the immune evasion strategies utilized by fish iridovirus through IFN regulation.

Asunto(s)

Infecciones por Virus ADN , Enfermedades de los Peces , Proteínas de Peces , Factor 3 Regulador del Interferón , Factor 7 Regulador del Interferón , Ranavirus , Proteínas Virales , Animales , Factor 3 Regulador del Interferón/genética , Factor 3 Regulador del Interferón/inmunología , Factor 3 Regulador del Interferón/metabolismo , Factor 7 Regulador del Interferón/genética , Factor 7 Regulador del Interferón/metabolismo , Factor 7 Regulador del Interferón/inmunología , Proteínas de Peces/genética , Proteínas de Peces/inmunología , Proteínas de Peces/metabolismo , Enfermedades de los Peces/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Peces/virología , Infecciones por Virus ADN/inmunología , Infecciones por Virus ADN/veterinaria , Ranavirus/fisiología , Proteínas Virales/genética , Proteínas Virales/metabolismo , Inmunidad Innata/genética , Interferones/genética , Interferones/inmunología , Interferones/metabolismo , Evasión Inmune , Lubina/inmunología , Lubina/genética , Replicación Viral , Proteínas de Pez Cebra , Factores Reguladores del Interferón

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: It is known that nerve signals arising from sites of inflammation lead to persistent changes in the spinal cord and contribute to the amplification and persistence of pain. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been completely elucidated. We identified differentially expressed genes in the lumbar (L4-L6) segment of the spinal cord from complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) rats compared to control animals via high throughput sequencing. Based on differential gene expression analysis, we selected interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) for follow-up experiments to explore its antinociceptive potential. METHODS: An animal model of inflammatory pain was induced by intraplantar injection of CFA. We evaluated the effects of adeno-associated viral (AAV)-mediated overexpression of IRF7 in the spinal cord on pain-related behavior after CFA injection. Moreover, the activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and the expression of inflammatory cytokines were investigated to understand the underlying mechanisms related to the contribution of IRF7 to inflammatory pain. RESULTS: CFA intraplantar injection caused a significant decrease in the level of spinal IRF7, which is mainly expressed in the dorsal horn neurons and astrocytes. Moreover, IRF7 overexpression significantly attenuated pain-related behaviors, as well as the activity of NF-κB/p65 and the production of interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the spinal cord of CFA rats. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicated that spinal IRF7 plays an important role in the regulation of inflammatory pain. Thus, IRF7 overexpression at the spinal cord level might represent a potential target for the treatment of inflammatory pain.

Asunto(s)

Citocinas , Adyuvante de Freund , Inflamación , Factor 7 Regulador del Interferón , FN-kappa B , Dolor , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Médula Espinal , Animales , Ratas , Factor 7 Regulador del Interferón/metabolismo , Factor 7 Regulador del Interferón/genética , Citocinas/metabolismo , Inflamación/metabolismo , Masculino , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Médula Espinal/metabolismo , Dolor/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad

RESUMEN

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of innate immune receptors that recognize molecular patterns in foreign pathogens and intrinsic danger/damage signals from cells. TLR7 is a nucleic acid sensing endosomal TLR that is activated by single-stranded RNAs from microbes or by small noncoding RNAs that act as endogenous ligands. TLR7 signals through the MyD88 adaptor protein and activates the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7). TLR7 is found throughout the brain and is highly expressed in microglia, the main immune cells of the brain that have also been implicated in alcohol drinking in mice. Upregulation of TLR7 mRNA and protein has been identified in postmortem hippocampus and cortex from AUD subjects that correlated positively with lifetime consumption of alcohol. Similarly, Tlr7 and downstream signaling genes were upregulated in rat hippocampal and cortical slice cultures after chronic alcohol exposure and in these regions after chronic binge-like alcohol treatment in mice. In addition, repeated administration of the synthetic TLR7 agonists imiquimod (R837) or resiquimod (R848) increased voluntary alcohol drinking in different rodent models and produced sustained upregulation of IRF7 in the brain. These findings suggest that chronic TLR7 activation may drive excessive alcohol drinking. In the brain, this could occur through increased levels of endogenous TLR7 activators, like microRNAs and Y RNAs. This review explores chronic TLR7 activation as a pathway of dysregulated neuroimmune signaling in AUD and the endogenous small RNA ligands in the brain that could perpetuate innate immune responses and escalate alcohol drinking.

RESUMEN

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a crucial role in promoting melanoma metastasis. Reprogramming MDSCs into mature M1 macrophages has emerged as a strategy to inhibit metastasis. Decitabine (Dec) is known to eradicate MDSCs and suppress tumor growth. In this study, we provide evidence that Dec not only reduces the MDSC population by inducing apoptosis, arresting cell cycle, and impairing recruitment, but also suppresses their immunosuppressive function by downregulating related genes and facilitating differentiation into M1 macrophages. Transcriptomic analysis of Dec-treated MDSCs revealed a marked downregulation of immunosuppressive genes including S100a9, S100a8, Vegf, Cxcr2, and Nos2. Meanwhile, M1 macrophage-associated genes involved in immune activation were upregulated, such as Ddx58, Isg15, Tap1, Ccl5, Cxcl9, and Cxcl10. Further bioinformatic analysis indicated that Dec promotes MDSC-to-M1 macrophage differentiation and activates innate immune pathways including NOD-like signaling to enhance anti-tumor immunity. Time-course studies implied that Dec upregulates myeloid transcription factor Irf7 to initiate MDSC differentiation and orchestrate the anti-tumor immune response. Collectively, our study unveils a novel dual-functional mechanism of Dec as both a cytotoxic agent reducing MDSCs and an inducer of their differentiation into M1 macrophages, thereby alleviating immunosuppression. This highlights Dec's potential for clinical melanoma metastasis suppression.

Asunto(s)

Decitabina , Melanoma , Células Supresoras de Origen Mieloide , Células Supresoras de Origen Mieloide/efectos de los fármacos , Células Supresoras de Origen Mieloide/inmunología , Células Supresoras de Origen Mieloide/metabolismo , Animales , Decitabina/farmacología , Ratones , Melanoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Melanoma/patología , Melanoma/inmunología , Humanos , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Antimetabolitos Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/inmunología , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Tolerancia Inmunológica/efectos de los fármacos

RESUMEN

Type I interferons exhibit anti-proliferative and anti-cancer activities, but their detailed regulatory mechanisms in cancer have not been fully elucidated yet. RNA binding proteins are master orchestrators of gene regulation, which are closely related to tumor progression. Here we show that the upregulated RNA binding protein RBM45 correlates with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Depletion of RBM45 suppresses breast cancer progression both in cultured cells and xenograft mouse models. Mechanistically, RBM45 ablation inhibits breast cancer progression through regulating type I interferon signaling, particularly by elevating IFN-ß production. Importantly, RBM45 recruits TRIM28 to IRF7 and stimulates its SUMOylation, thereby repressing IFNB1 transcription. Loss of RBM45 reduced the SUMOylation of IRF7 by reducing the interaction between TRIM28 and IRF7 to promote IFNB1 transcription, leading to the inhibition of breast cancer progression. Taken together, our finding uncovers a vital role of RBM45 in modulating type I interferon signaling and cancer aggressive progression, implicating RBM45 as a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer.

Asunto(s)

Neoplasias de la Mama , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Factor 7 Regulador del Interferón , Proteínas de Unión al ARN , Sumoilación , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Femenino , Animales , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/metabolismo , Factor 7 Regulador del Interferón/genética , Factor 7 Regulador del Interferón/metabolismo , Ratones , Transcripción Genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Interferón beta/metabolismo , Interferón beta/genética , Transducción de Señal , Ratones Desnudos , Proliferación Celular , Proteína 28 que Contiene Motivos Tripartito/metabolismo , Proteína 28 que Contiene Motivos Tripartito/genética , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C

RESUMEN

Psoriasis is a paradigmatic condition characterised by a heightened autoimmune response and chronic inflammation. However, the exact nature and the pathological causes behind it are still unknown. Growing evidence suggest dysregulated cytokine network as a result of over-activated T cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) as the critical drivers in the development of psoriasis. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) on pDC activation and Th17 cell development in imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis mice. Our in vitro research investigated the IRF-7 signalling in pDCs that explained the reduced expression of the transcription factor IRF-7 responsible for pDC activation as a result of DIM treatment. Concurrently, DIM treatment decreased the release of Th17 cell polarising cytokines (IFN-α, IL-23, and IL-6) by pDCs which validated a reduction in differentiated pathogenic Th17 cell population and associated cytokine IL-17A in IMQ-induced psoriatic mice. Thus, our recent findings provide therapeutic evidence in targeting the early potential contributors for psoriasis treatment by preventing IRF-7-mediated pDC activation and Th17 cell development in IMQ-induced psoriasis mice.

Asunto(s)

Diferenciación Celular , Células Dendríticas , Imiquimod , Indoles , Psoriasis , Células Th17 , Animales , Psoriasis/inducido químicamente , Psoriasis/patología , Psoriasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Células Th17/efectos de los fármacos , Células Dendríticas/efectos de los fármacos , Células Dendríticas/metabolismo , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Indoles/farmacología , Ratones , Aminoquinolinas/farmacología , Citocinas/metabolismo , Factores Reguladores del Interferón/metabolismo , Factores Reguladores del Interferón/genética

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Macrophage proinflammatory activation contributes to the pathology of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and, simultaneously, macrophage functional changes, and increased pyroptosis/necrosis can further exacerbate the cellular immune suppression during the process of SAP, where cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) plays an important role. However, the function and mechanism of cGAS-STING in SAP-induced lung injury (LI) remains unknown. METHODS: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was combined with caerulein-induced SAP in wild type, cGAS -/- and sting -/- mice. Primary macrophages were extracted via bronchoalveolar lavage and peritoneal lavage. Ana-1 cells were pretreated with LPS and stimulated with nigericin sodium salt to induce pyroptosis in vitro. RESULTS: SAP triggered NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation-mediated pyroptosis of alveolar and peritoneal macrophages in mouse model. Knockout of cGAS/STING could ameliorate NLRP3 activation and macrophage pyroptosis. In addition, mitochondrial (mt)DNA released from damaged mitochondria further induced macrophage STING activation in a cGAS- and dose-dependent manner. Upregulated STING signal can promote NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated macrophage pyroptosis and increase serum interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1ß, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels and, thus, exacerbate SAP-associated LI (SAP-ALI). Downstream molecules of STING, IRF7, and IRF3 connect the mtDNA-cGAS-STING axis and the NLRP3-pyroptosis axis. CONCLUSIONS: Negative regulation of any molecule in the mtDNA-cGAS-STING-IRF7/IRF3 pathway can affect the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes, thereby reducing macrophage pyroptosis and improving SAP-ALI in mouse model.

Asunto(s)

ADN Mitocondrial , Factor 3 Regulador del Interferón , Lesión Pulmonar , Macrófagos , Proteínas de la Membrana , Nucleotidiltransferasas , Pancreatitis , Piroptosis , Transducción de Señal , Animales , Piroptosis/genética , Factor 3 Regulador del Interferón/metabolismo , Factor 3 Regulador del Interferón/genética , Ratones , ADN Mitocondrial/genética , ADN Mitocondrial/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Nucleotidiltransferasas/metabolismo , Nucleotidiltransferasas/genética , Pancreatitis/metabolismo , Pancreatitis/genética , Pancreatitis/patología , Pancreatitis/inducido químicamente , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Lesión Pulmonar/patología , Lesión Pulmonar/genética , Lesión Pulmonar/metabolismo , Factor 7 Regulador del Interferón/metabolismo , Factor 7 Regulador del Interferón/genética , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/metabolismo , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/genética , Inflamasomas/metabolismo , Lipopolisacáridos , Masculino , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad

RESUMEN

Interferon (IFN) regulatory factors (IRF) are key transcription factors in cellular antiviral responses. IRF7, a virus-inducible IRF, expressed primarily in myeloid cells, is required for transcriptional induction of interferon α and antiviral genes. IRF7 is activated by virus-induced phosphorylation in the cytoplasm, leading to its translocation to the nucleus for transcriptional activity. Here, we revealed a nontranscriptional activity of IRF7 contributing to its antiviral functions. IRF7 interacted with the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB-p65 and inhibited the induction of inflammatory target genes. Using knockdown, knockout, and overexpression strategies, we demonstrated that IRF7 inhibited NF-κB-dependent inflammatory target genes, induced by virus infection or toll-like receptor stimulation. A mutant IRF7, defective in transcriptional activity, interacted with NF-κB-p65 and suppressed NF-κB-induced gene expression. A single-action IRF7 mutant, active in anti-inflammatory function, but defective in transcriptional activity, efficiently suppressed Sendai virus and murine hepatitis virus replication. We, therefore, uncovered an anti-inflammatory function for IRF7, independent of transcriptional activity, contributing to the antiviral response of IRF7.

Asunto(s)

Factor 7 Regulador del Interferón , FN-kappa B , Animales , Humanos , Ratones , Células HEK293 , Inflamación/genética , Factor 7 Regulador del Interferón/genética , Factor 7 Regulador del Interferón/inmunología , FN-kappa B/genética , FN-kappa B/inmunología , Virus Sendai/fisiología , Factor de Transcripción ReIA/genética , Factor de Transcripción ReIA/inmunología , Replicación Viral , Mutación , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/genética , Virus de la Hepatitis Murina/fisiología , Infecciones por Coronavirus/inmunología , Infecciones por Respirovirus/inmunología

RESUMEN

Object: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by aberrant activity of the immune system. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) which the main producer of activated type I interferon, are related to SLE disease activity. To investigate the mechanism of Langchuangding (LCD) improving SLE based on TLR7-IRF7-IFNα pathway. Methods: SLE patients were randomly divided into Chinese medicine combined with western medicine (CWM) group and western medicine (WM) group, to observe the effect of LCD. The percent of pDCs in peripheral blood of SLE patients were detected by flow cytometry, and the influence of LCD on gene expression in SLE patients were detected by gene microarray. Mouse bone marrow cells were differentiated into dendritic like cells (DLC), then divided into Blank, immune complex (IC), LCD and dexamethasone (DXM) group. Employed RT-qPCR to detect MyD88, and IRF7 mRNA, and western blotting to determinate TLR7, MyD88, and p-IRF7 proteins. The IFNα in SLE patients were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Employ dual luciferase to observe the interferon stimulated response element (ISRE) gene. Results: pDCs in WM group was higher than that of CWM group. The plasma IFNα in CWM group was significantly lower than that in WM group. The gene microarray showed that the gene expression of IFNα related signaling pathway in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and genes related to activation and proliferation of immune cells were down-regulated after LCD treatment. The DLCs MyD88, and IRF7 mRNA were down-regulated, TLR7, MyD88, and p-IRF7 proteins were significantly reduced, and the supernatant IFNα was significantly decreased in LCD group. LCD were mildly inhibited activation of ISRE in 293T cells. Conclusions: In certain degree, LCD is beneficial to SLE patients. LCD therapy SLE may be through TLR7 signaling pathway, and IRF7 may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of SLE.

RESUMEN

Psoriasis is a chronic, recurrent, inflammatory dermatosis accompanied by excessive activation of dendritic cells (DCs), which are primarily responsible for initiating an immune response. The bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) family plays a pivotal role in the transcriptional regulation of inflammation and its inhibitors can downregulate DCs maturation and activation. Here we investigated the effect of NHWD-870, a potent BET inhibitor, on inflammation in an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like mouse model and murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IMQ. Application of NHWD-870 significantly ameliorated IMQ-triggered skin inflammation in mice, and markers associated with DC maturation (CD40, CD80 and CD86) were decreased in skin lesions, spleen and lymph nodes. Additionally, NHWD-870 reduced LPS or IMQ induced DCs maturation and activation in vitro, with lower expression of inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-12, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, IL-1ß, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)9 and CXCL10]. In addition, we found that interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) significantly increased during DCs maturation, and inhibition of IRF7 could impair BMDCs maturation and activation. What's more, IRF7 was highly expressed in both psoriatic patients and IMQ-induced psoriasis-like mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing of normal and psoriatic skin demonstrated that IRF7 expression was increased in DCs of psoriatic skin. While NHWD-870 could inhibit IRF7 and phosphorylated-IRF7 expression in vivo and in vitro. These results indicate that NHWD-870 suppresses the maturation and activation of DCs by decreasing IRF7 proteins which finally alleviates psoriasis-like skin lesions, and NHWD-870 may be a potent therapeutic drug for psoriasis.

Asunto(s)

Dermatitis , Psoriasis , Humanos , Animales , Ratones , Imiquimod/efectos adversos , Factor 7 Regulador del Interferón/genética , Factor 7 Regulador del Interferón/metabolismo , Factor 7 Regulador del Interferón/farmacología , Lipopolisacáridos/metabolismo , Psoriasis/inducido químicamente , Psoriasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Piel , Dermatitis/patología , Inflamación/patología , Células Dendríticas , Transducción de Señal , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C

RESUMEN

1,2-Dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) is a prevalent environmental contaminant, and our study revealed its induction of testicular toxicity in mice upon subacute exposure. Melatonin, a prominent secretory product of the pineal gland, has been shown to offer protection against pyroptosis in male reproductive toxicity. However, the exact mechanism underlying 1,2-DCE-induced testicular toxicity and the comprehensive extent of melatonin's protective effects in this regard remain largely unexplored. Therefore, we sequenced testis piRNAs in mice exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of 1,2-DCE by 28-day dynamic inhalation, and investigated the role of key piRNAs using GC-2 spd cells. Our results showed that 1,2-DCE induced mouse testicular damage and GC-2 spd cell pyroptosis. 1,2-DCE upregulated the expression of pyroptosis-correlated proteins in both mouse testes and GC-2 spd cells. 1,2-DCE exposure caused pore formation on cellular membranes and lactate dehydrogenase leakage in GC-2 spd cells. Additionally, we identified three upregulated piRNAs in 1,2-DCE-exposed mouse testes, among which piR-mmu-1019957 induced pyroptosis in GC-2 spd cells, and its inhibition alleviated 1,2-DCE-induced pyroptosis. PiR-mmu-1019957 mimic and 1,2-DCE treatment activated the expression of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) in GC-2 spd cells. IRF7 knockdown reversed 1,2-DCE-induced cellular pyroptosis, and overexpression of piR-mmu-1019957 did not promote pyroptosis when IRF7 was inhibited. Notably, melatonin reversed 1,2-DCE-caused testicular toxicity, cellular pyroptosis, and upregulated piR-mmu-1019957 and IRF7. Collectively, our findings indicated that melatonin mitigates this effect, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic intervention against 1,2-DCE-induced male reproductive toxicity in clinical practice.

Asunto(s)

Dicloruros de Etileno , Melatonina , Testículo , Masculino , Ratones , Animales , Piroptosis , Melatonina/farmacología , Melatonina/metabolismo , ARN de Interacción con Piwi , Factor 7 Regulador del Interferón/metabolismo , Factor 7 Regulador del Interferón/farmacología