RESUMEN

Hydrophilic and hydrophobic phenomena occur in aqueous solutions. Despite the complex nature of the molecular interactions, the propensity of molecules and ions to hydration is sometimes characterized by a single "hydration number". Passynski's method for determining the hydration numbers in dilute aqueous solutions belongs to the group of methods based on the analysis of the isentropic compressibility of a mixture. Isentropic compressibility is a thermodynamic material constant; thus, the paper deals with Passynski's approach discussed in terms of thermodynamics. First, Passynski's assumptions were applied to the volume of the mixture. Subsequent strict thermodynamic derivation led to a formula for the hydration number which resembled that of Onori rather than the original one. Passynski's number turned out to be inconsistent with the thermodynamics and mechanics of fluids. This is a rather purely empirical measure of the slope of the dependence of isentropic compressibility on the solute mole fraction in a dilute aqueous solution. Being the quotient of the slope and the isentropic compressibility of pure water, Pasynski's numbers are more convenient to analyze and discuss than the slopes themselves. Conclusions about molecular interactions based on these numbers must be treated with considerable caution.

RESUMEN

To achieve sustainable development goals and foster future prosperity globally, the promotion of green development is essential. Nevertheless, persistent regional disparities in green development among the G20 nations stem from differing economic and environmental conditions in dynamic contexts. In light of these conditions, it is essential for governments to evaluate their country's current green development performance in comparison with higher-performing nations and to learn from their experiences. This study introduces a new dynamic evaluation framework that integrates the importance of evaluation indicators using the dynamic entropy weighting method, a Dynamic Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution method, and principal component analysis. This framework serves as a tool for G20 countries to assess their green development levels between 2015 and 2021. A key contribution of this study is the facilitation of the G20's ability to implement relevant reform measures and monitor green development progress in a dynamic environment. This framework can serve as a model for similar evaluations in other regions globally. The study's main findings indicate that G20 countries with high levels of green development possess strong economic foundations and prioritise the balanced development of their economies, societies, environments, and innovation.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence indicates that intravenous ketamine is effective in managing treatment-resistant unipolar and bipolar depression. Clinical studies highlight its favorable efficacy, safety, and tolerability profile within a dosage range of 0.5-1.0 mg/kg based on actual body weight. However, data on alternative dosage calculation methods, particularly in relation to body mass index (BMI) and therapeutic outcomes, remain limited. METHODS: This retrospective analysis of an open-label study aims to evaluate dose calculation strategies and their impact on treatment response among inpatients with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD) (n = 28). The study employed the Boer and Devine formulas to determine lean body mass (LBM) and ideal body weight (IBW), and the Mosteller formula to estimate body surface area (BSA). The calculated doses were then compared with the actual doses administered or converted to a dosage per square meter for both responders and non-responders. RESULTS: Regardless of treatment response, defined as a reduction of 50% in the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, the use of alternative ketamine dosing formulas resulted in underdosing compared to the standardized dose of 0.5 mg/kg. Only two participants received higher doses (102.7% and 113.0%) when the Devine formula was applied. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that ketamine dosing formulas, alternative to the standardized 0.5 mg/kg based on body weight, may lead to underdosing and potentially impact outcome interpretation. To enhance dosing accuracy, future studies should consider incorporating body impedance analysis and waist-to-hip ratio measurements, as this study did not account for body composition.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Non-communicable diseases are an increasing threat in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and overweight and obesity are affecting people across all socioeconomic groups. Some studies suggest that big body sizes may be perceived as desirable among women in SSA and that high prevalence of obesity and overweight are especially present in low socioeconomic societies. This study explores the role of socioeconomic factors in the perception of the ideal body among Kenyan women and whether perceptions and beliefs about the ideal body should be considered relevant when targeting the prevention of obesity and overweight. METHOD: In-depth interviews were conducted with 8 Kenyan women with varying educational backgrounds, aged between 21 and 48, using a qualitative study design. The interviews were conducted in December 2022 and January 2023 in Nairobi, audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed through qualitative content analysis and a coding system using deductive and inductive codes. RESULTS: The participants reported that conclusions about a person's health and wealth status are drawn based on different body sizes. Furthermore, traditional views about the ideal body size, societal pressure, as well as the women's own experience with their body size play a role in the perception of an ideal body. CONCLUSION: Small-sized women desire to gain weight as society may view them as weak and sick. Big-sized women aim to reduce weight primarily due to health complications. Nevertheless, traditionally, a big-sized woman is considered strong and wealthy, creating external pressure on women to fulfil this body image-these findings emphasise traditional aspects in designing culturally sensitive prevention and intervention methods to address overweight and obesity.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Population-based studies of ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are scarce. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 2007-2018 National Health Examination and Nutrition Survey women aged ≥ 20 years, who had data on Life's Simple 7 (LS7) metrics and self-reported GDM history. Each LS7 metric was assigned a score of 0 (non-ideal) and 1(ideal) and summed to obtain total ideal CVH scores (0-7). We used logistic regression models to assess associations between LS7 ideal CVH scores (0-7) and GDM history, accounting for socio-demographic factors. RESULTS: Among 9199 women (mean age: 46 years, 8 % with a GDM history), there was a progressive decrease in the odds of past GDM history across increasing ideal CVH scores. Compared to females with 0-1 ideal CVH scores, females with ideal CVH scores of 3, 4 and 5-7 had an associated 39 % lower [odds ratio: 0.61 (95 % CI: 0.41-0.90)], 50 % lower [0.50 (0.33-0.76)] and 66 % lower [0.34 (0.20-0.56)] odds of past GDM history, respectively. There were notable racial/ethnic and citizenship/nativity differences in these associations. CONCLUSIONS: Women with higher ideal CVH scores had lower odds of GDM history. Our findings underscore the importance of optimizing cardiometabolic health among women with GDM history.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The growing number of older people worldwide poses challenges for health policy, particularly in the Global North, where policymakers increasingly expect seniors to live and receive care at home. However, healthcare professionals, particularly in home-based care, face dilemmas between adhering to care ideals and meeting external demands. Although they strive to uphold ethical care standards, they must deal with patients' needs, cooperation with colleagues and management guidelines. Home-based care is an essential part of healthcare services in Norway, but staff struggle with high patient numbers and time management. This article focuses on how staff deal with ethical challenges related to contextual and organisational constraints. METHODS: An ethnographic fieldwork in three municipalities in South-East Norway. The first author conducted three to four months of participant observation in each municipality. In addition, she conducted in-depth interviews with key informants in two municipalities and a focus group interview with seven home-based care workers in one municipality. The data was analysed by using a reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS: Staff in home-based care are frequently more loyal to the patient than to the system and to their own needs. To provide good care, all informants disregarded the patient's formal decision, i.e. they provided more care than the formalised decision stipulated. To prioritise beneficence to patients, informants also disregarded some of the rules applicable in home-based care. In addition, staff accepted risks to their own safety and health to provide care in the patient's home. CONCLUSION: The loyalty of home-based care staff to their patients can go beyond their loyalty to the rules of the system and even their own safety. This commitment might be attributed to a sense of doing meaningful work, to providing relationship-based and individualised care, and to strong moral courage. However, the staff's emphasis on flexibility and individualised care also brings challenges related to unclear boundaries related to patient care.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPK) is the preferred treatment for individuals with type-1 diabetes and end-stage renal disease. However, a limited supply of "Ideal Pancreas Donors" contributed to a growing disparity between available organs and recipients. Even though SPK outcomes from pediatric donors match those from adult donors, unclear guidelines on minimum age and weight criteria for extra small pediatric pancreas donors lead to hesitancy among several transplant centers to utilize these grafts due to concerns about inadequate islet mass, technical challenges, and increased risk of allograft thrombosis. METHODS: This report details the successful outcomes of SPK transplantations performed at the study center between December 2021 and January 2024, using four extra small pediatric brain-dead donors (ESPDs). Each donor was aged ≤5 years and weighed <20 kg. RESULTS: All SPK recipients achieved immediate posttransplant euglycemia without requiring insulin. None of the recipients experienced graft pancreatitis, graft thrombosis, allograft rejection, or required re-exploration. During a 5-27-month follow-up period, all ESPD recipients maintained optimal graft function, as evidenced by normal glucose tolerance tests and HbA1c (4.9%-5.2%), with 100% graft and patient survival. CONCLUSION: This report examines the usage of ESPDs in SPK transplantation, highlighting their potential to expand the donor pool and reduce wait times in areas with scarce deceased organ donations, thereby increasing the number of available organs for transplantation with acceptable outcomes. Revising donor selection guidelines to reflect the diverse risk-benefit profiles of waitlisted individuals is crucial to addressing geographical disparities and reducing organ discard rates.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Bouckaert and Halligan (2008) proposed four ideal types of performance management systems, ranging from a disconnected and input-led approach (performance administration) to a model in which performance management is fully integrated with both the internal and external context of an organisation (performance governance). This article empirically analyzes performance plans issued by Italian Local Health Units (LHUs) to provide a first nationwide snapshot of the different ideal-types of performance management that each (LHUs) have reached, in a 'performance governance'-oriented perspective. DESIGN: This paper employs a qualitative methodology based on document analysis. The model orienting the analysis features six dimensions capturing the ideal-types characteristics and what the Italian performance regulations prescribe. Data was derived from the performance plans adopted by the Italian LHUs on the condition that they made the documentation necessary for the analysis public on their institutional website. FINDINGS: For a 'performance governance' oriented approach, two elements are considered relevant: familiarity with the analysis of stakeholders and context. In our sample, consisting of 63 performance plans out of 99 Italian LHUs, it was challenging to identify specific territorial clusters, due to significant heterogeneity. The role of strategic objectives, integration between cycles, and context analysis seems to positively influence the orientation towards a 'performance governance' approach. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The application of Bouckaert and Halligan's ideal-types has only been episodically investigated in the healthcare sector, mainly at the individual health unit or Region level. This article's innovative contribution consists of conducting a qualitative analysis based on a replicable taxonomy that enables further national comparisons. Furthermore, it highlights the need for public healthcare systems to engage more with external stakeholders to improve the quality of their performance governance.

RESUMEN

Topological indices are numerical parameters that indicate the topology of graphs or hypergraphs. A hypergraph H = ( V ( H ) , E ( H ) ) consists of a vertex set V ( H ) and an edge set E ( H ) , where each edge e ∈ E ( H ) is a subset of V ( H ) with at least two elements. In this paper, our main aim is to introduce a general hypergraph structure for the prime ideal sum (PIS)- graph of a commutative ring. The prime ideal sum hypergraph of a ring R is a hypergraph whose vertices are all non-trivial ideals of R and a subset of vertices E i with at least two elements is a hyperedge whenever I + J is a prime ideal of R for each non-trivial ideal I, J in E i and E i is maximal with respect to this property. Moreover, we also compute some degree-based topological indices (first and second Zagreb indices, forgotten topological index, harmonic index, Randic index, Sombor index) for these hypergraphs. In particular, we describe some degree-based topological indices for the newly defined algebraic hypergraph based on prime ideal sum for Z n where n = p α , p q , p 2 q , p 2 q 2 , p q r , p 3 q , p 2 q r , p q r s for the distinct primes p , q , r and s.

RESUMEN

The convergence of researchers in the fields of flourishing, moral psychology, and social-emotional studies has reached a stage where developing a theory that connects emotional regulation and flourishing is meaningful. This theoretical investigation aims to uncover insights from the research of Magda B. Arnold, renowned for her theory of emotions, and lesser-known for her notion of the self-ideal, regarding the relationship between emotional regulation and flourishing. Our initial hypothesis posits that Arnold's concept of self-ideal provides a framework for understanding how to foster emotional regulation in individuals by directing it toward constructive life objectives. To achieve this, we explore the current state of emotional regulation and flourishing and the relationship between these concepts; we consider the interconnectedness of emotion and self-ideal within Arnold's theory and analyze its potential to serve as a foundation for building a theory relating flourishing and emotional regulation. We find in Arnold's theory substantial ideas about the relationship between emotional regulation, flourishing, and self-ideal, as well as emerging empirical research relating to these themes. We conclude that Arnold's research can serve as a catalyst for developing psychological intervention models that enhance emotional regulation and promote a flourishing life.

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is recommended at a target dose of 5 mg/kg per actual body weight to reduce the risk of retinopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the efficacy of HCQ has been established at doses of 6.5 mg/kg per ideal body weight. This study aimed to clarify the effects of the HCQ dose on the continuation rate in Japanese patients, who generally have a lower body mass index than Western patients. METHODS: This retrospective single-centre observational study enrolled patients with SLE on HCQ therapy. Patients were divided into two groups with a dose per actual body weight [the low-dose (<5 mg/kg) group and the high-dose (≥5 mg/kg) group], and continuation rates were compared. The efficacy of 1-year HCQ therapy was assessed in patients without additional immunosuppressive agents and biologics. RESULTS: Of the 231 patients enrolled, 48 (20.8%) discontinued HCQ. The HCQ dose per actual body weight was identified as an independent risk factor for discontinuation. The low-dose group showed a significantly higher 1-year HCQ continuation rate than the high-dose group (83.2% vs. 72.8%, respectively). Both groups showed reductions in glucocorticoid requirement and serological activity after 1-year HCQ therapy. CONCLUSIONS: HCQ <5 mg/kg per actual body weight may facilitate greater continuation.

RESUMEN

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of I.D.E.A.L technique and transtibial (TT) technique in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Methods: A clinical data of 60 patients with ACL injury, who were admitted and met the selection criteria between January 2020 and September 2022, was retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with autologous tendon. During operation, the femoral tunnel was prepared by using I.D.E.A.L technique in 30 cases (I.D.E.A.L group) and using TT technique in 30 cases (TT group). There was no significant difference in baseline data such as age, gender, body mass index, cause of injury, injured side, interval from injury to operation, constituent ratio of combined cartilage and meniscus injury, and preoperative Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, anterior tibial translation difference, and Blumensaat angle between the two groups ( P>0.05). The length of hospital stay and the occurrence of early and late complications were recorded. During follow-up, the Lysholm score, IKDC score, and VAS score were used to evaluate knee joint function and pain degree, and the anterior tibial translation difference was measured. MRI reexamination was performed to observe the healing of the graft, and the signal to noise quotient (SNQ) values of the femoral end, middle section, and tibial end of the graft, as well as the Blumensaat angle of the knee joint were measured. The differences in tibial anterior translation difference and Blumensaat angle before and after operation (change values) were calculated and compared between the two groups. Results: The incisions in both groups healed by first intention after operation, and there was no significant difference in the length of hospital stay between the two groups ( P>0.05). All patients were followed up 12-18 months, with an average of 14.9 months. The Lysholm score and IKDC score of the knee joint in both groups after operation increased when compared with those before operation, and the VAS score decreased. Compared to preoperative scores, except for the VAS score of the TT group at 1 week after operation ( P>0.05), there were significant differences in all scores at different time points postoperatively in the two groups ( P<0.05). The above scores in both groups showed a further improvement trend with the prolongation of time after operation. There were significant differences in Lysholm score and VAS score among 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after operation in the two groups ( P<0.05). The IKDC score of both groups at 1 month after operation was significantly different from that at 1 week after operation ( P<0.05). At 1 week after operation, the Lysholm score and IKDC score in the I.D.E.A.L group were significantly higher than those in the TT group ( P<0.05), and the VAS score was significantly lower ( P<0.05); there was no significant difference between the two groups at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after operation ( P>0.05). At 12 months after operation, the anterior tibial translation differences in both groups were significantly lower than those before operation ( P<0.05); and the change value in the I.D.E.A.L group was significantly higher than that in the TT group ( P<0.05). The incidences of early and late complications in the I.D.E.A.L group were significantly lower than those in the TT group ( P<0.05). At 12 months after operation, MRI examination showed that the grafts of the knee joint in both groups survived well, and the Blumensaat angles of both groups were significantly smaller than those before operation ( P<0.05). The change value of the Blumensaat angle in the I.D.E.A.L group was significantly higher than that in the TT group ( P<0.05). The SNQ values of the femoral end, middle section, and tibial end of the graft in the I.D.E.A.L group were significantly higher than those in the TT group ( P<0.05). Conclusion: The early effectiveness of ACL reconstruction by using the I.D.E.A.L technique is better, the knee joint is more stable, and the incidence of postoperative complication is lower. However, the maturity of the graft after reconstruction using the TT technique is higher.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Eating disorders (EDs) increasingly emerge as a health risk in men, but there is concern that men's symptoms go unnoticed due to stereotypical perceptions and gender-related differences in symptom presentation. Novel assessments focused particularly on attitudes and behaviours towards increasing muscle size and definition. Using network analysis, this study aimed to corroborate and extend previous findings on disordered eating presentation in men by examining the role of muscularity concerns among an extended range of disordered eating symptoms. METHOD: N = 294 adult men (18 years or older) completed muscularity-related and disordered eating assessments, among which we included assessments for orthorexic eating and Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder for the first time. We selected symptoms empirically, estimated a regularised network, identified symptom communities, evaluated network loadings and bridge centrality estimates, and compared network structures between different groups of participants. RESULTS: We identified five symptom communities related to muscularity-related concerns, features of core ED psychopathology, and selective eating. Symptoms regarding ruminating about healthy eating, guilt for unhealthy eating, weight overvaluation, concerns about muscularity, and selective eating emerged as highly central. DISCUSSION: The results largely corroborate previous observations but suggest that muscle-building behaviours are part of a broader cluster of male body shaping and rule-based dieting behaviours.

RESUMEN

Ideal bandgap (1.3-1.4 eV) Sn-Pb mixed perovskite solar cells (PSC) hold the maximum theoretical efficiency given by the Shockley-Queisser limit. However, achieving high efficiency and stable Sn-Pb mixed PSCs remains challenging. Here, piperazine-1,4-diium tetrafluoroborate (PDT) is introduced as spacer for bottom interface modification of ideal bandgap Sn-Pb mixed perovskite. This spacer enhances the quality of the upper perovskite layer and forms better energy band alignment, leading to enhanced charge extraction at the hole transport layer (HTL)/perovskite interface. Then, 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene is incorporated for surface treatment of perovskite, resulting in reduced surface trap density and enhanced interfacial electron transfer. The combinations of double-sided treatment afford the ideal bandgap PSC with a high efficiency of 20.45% along with improved environment stability. This work provides a feasible guideline to prepare high-performance and stable ideal-bandgap PSCs.

RESUMEN

Achieving ideal plant architecture is of utmost importance for plant improvement to meet the demands of ever-increasing population. The wish list of ideal plant architecture traits varies with respect to its utilization and environmental conditions. Late seed development in woody plants poses difficulties for their propagation, and an increase in regeneration capacity can overcome this problem. The transition of a plant through sequential developmental stages e.g., embryonic, juvenile, and maturity is a well-orchestrated molecular and physiological process. The manipulation in the timing of phase transition to achieve ideal plant traits and regulation of metabolic partitioning will unlock new plant potential. Previous studies demonstrate that micro RNA156 (miR156) impairs the expression of its downstream genes to resist the juvenile-adult-reproductive phase transition to prolonged juvenility. The phenomenon behind prolonged juvenility is the maintenance of stem cell integrity and regeneration is an outcome of re-establishment of the stem cell niche. The previously reported vital and diverse functions of miR156 make it a more important case of study to explore its functions and possible ways to use it in molecular breeding. In this review, we proposed how genetic manipulation of miR156 can be used to reshape plant development phase transition and achieve ideal plant architecture. We have summarized recent studies on miR156 to describe its functional pattern and networking with up and down-stream molecular factors at each stage of the plant developmental life cycle. In addition, we have highlighted unaddressed questions, provided insights and devised molecular pathways that will help researchers to design their future studies.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The increasingly urgent issue of climate change is driving the development of carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and separation technologies in flue gas after combustion. The monolithic adsorbent stands out in practical adsorption applications for its simplified powder compaction process while maintaining the inherent balance between energy consumption for regeneration and selectivity for adsorption. However, optimizing the adsorption capacity and selectivity of CO2 separation materials remains a significant challenge. Herein, we synthesized monolithic polymer networks (N-CMPs) with triphenylamine adsorption sites, acid-base environment tolerance, and precise narrow microchannel pore systems for the selective sieving of CO2 and particulate matter (PM) in flue gas. The inherent continuous covalent bonding of N-CMPs, along with their highly delocalized π-π conjugated porous framework, ensures the stability of the monolithic polymer network's adsorption and separation capabilities under wet and acid-base conditions. Specifically, under the conditions of 1 bar at 273 K, the CO2 adsorption capacity of N-CMP-1 is 3.35 mmol/g. Attributed to the highly polar environment generated by triphenylamine and the inherent high micropore/mesopore ratio, N-CMPs exhibit an excellent ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) selectivity for CO2/N2 under simulated flue gas conditions (CO2/N2 = 15:85). Dynamic breakthrough experiments further visualize the high separation efficiency of N-CMPs in practical adsorption applications. Moreover, under acid-base conditions, N-CMPs achieve a capture efficiency exceeding 99.76 % for PM0.3, enabling the selective separation of CO2 and PM in flue gas. In fact, the combined capture of hazardous PM and CO2 from the exhaust gases produced by the combustion of fossil fuels will play a pivotal role in mitigating climate change and environmental issues until low-carbon and alternative energy technologies are widely adopted.

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Gay and bisexual men are at an increased risk for eating disorders (EDs) and muscle dysmorphia (MD) compared with their heterosexual counterparts. Existing dissonance-based (DB) EDs prevention programs for this population have been evaluated in the United States; however, these programs have not been evaluated in the Brazilian context. Thus, we investigated the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of a DB ED prevention program (i.e., the PRIDE Body Project) among Brazilian cisgender gay and bisexual men. METHOD: Eligible men were randomly assigned to either a DB intervention (n = 74) condition or an assessment-only control (AOC) condition (n = 75). Participants completed measures assessing ED and MD risk and protective factors at baseline, post-intervention, 1-month, 6-month, and 1-year follow-up. Those in the intervention condition also completed acceptability measures. RESULTS: Feasibility and acceptability ratings were highly favorable. Regarding efficacy, post-intervention results were not significant, except for self-objectification, which showed a significantly greater decrease in the DB condition compared with the AOC condition at all time-points of follow-ups (Cohen's d = -0.31 to -0.76). At follow-up, the DB condition showed significantly greater decreases in appearance-ideal internalization, drive for muscularity, self-objectification, ED and MD symptoms at 1-month, 6-month, and 1-year follow-ups (d = -0.33 to -0.92) compared with the AOC condition. Significant increases were observed in the DB compared with the AOC condition for body appreciation at 1-month, 6-month, and 1-year follow-ups (d = 0.31-0.81). DISCUSSION: Results support the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of the PRIDE Body Project up to 1-year in Brazilian cisgender gay and bisexual men. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC; available at http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/) number of registration: RBR-62fctqz.

RESUMEN

Background: This study aims to systematically compare the efficacy of two distinct approaches that is limb occlusion pressure (LOP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in determining the optimal tourniquet pressure for primary total knee arthroplasty. The overarching goal is to identify the method that yields superior outcomes in minimizing post-operative thigh pain while simultaneously reducing complications in our patient population. Methods: 311 patients scheduled for primary total knee replacement (TKR) were randomized in two groups. Group A (LOP) had 154 patients and group B had 157 patients. In group A, LOP was determined for all patients. After adding the safety margin, the tourniquet pressure was determined which was kept during the procedure. By adding 150 mm Hg to SBP in group B, the tourniquet inflation pressure was ascertained. Postoperatively, thigh pain was evaluated from day 1 to day 3 and at 6 weeks. Results: The average tourniquet pressure in group A patients having thigh circumference between 40 and 50 cm was 223.8 mm + - 19.8 mm Hg and in group B it was 262.1 + - 15.9 mm Hg (P < .01). Patients having thigh circumference between 51 and 60 cm had average tourniquet pressure of 240.07 + - 20.1 mm Hg in group A and 264.5 + - 17.4 mm Hg in group B (P < .01). The average tourniquet pressure for patients with thigh circumference more than 60 cm was 296 + /15.3 mm Hg in group A and 267.3 + /19.2 mm Hg in group B (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Tourniquet pressure determination based on the limb occlusion pressure (LOP) method provide less postoperative thigh pain and better range of motion. Graphical Abstract: Optimizing Tourniquet Pressure in Primary Total Knee Replacement: Limb Occlusion Pressure vs Systolic blood pressure method to minimize thigh pain.

RESUMEN

Similarity measures and distance measures are used in a variety of domains, such as data clustering, image processing, retrieval of information, and recognizing patterns, in order to measure the degree of similarity or divergence between elements or datasets. p , q - quasirung orthopair fuzzy ( p , q - QOF) sets are a novel improvement in fuzzy set theory that aims to properly manage data uncertainties. Unfortunately, there is a lack of research on similarity and distance measure between p , q - QOF sets. In this paper, we investigate different cosine similarity and distance measures between to p , q - quasirung orthopair fuzzy sets ( p , q - ROFSs). Firstly, the cosine similarity measure and the Euclidean distance measure for p , q - QOFSs are defined, followed by an exploration of their respective properties. Given that the cosine measure does not satisfy the similarity measure axiom, a method is presented for constructing alternative similarity measures for p , q - QOFSs. The structure is based on the suggested cosine similarity and Euclidean distance measures, which ensure adherence to the similarity measure axiom. Furthermore, we develop a cosine distance measure for p , q - QOFSs that connects similarity and distance measurements. We then apply this technique to decision-making, taking into account both geometric and algebraic perspectives. Finally, we present a practical example that demonstrates the proposed justification and efficacy of the proposed method, and we conclude with a comparison to existing approaches.

RESUMEN

Selection of a suitable alternative material from a pool of alternatives with many conflicting criteria becomes a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problem. In the present study, ternary blended mortars were prepared using ceramic tile dust waste (CTD), fly ash (FA), and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) as binder components. Crusher dust (CD) was used as a fine aggregate component. Binder to aggregate ratios of 1:3 and 1:1 were prepared considering suitable flow. A total of 16 mortar mixes were cast. These mortars were tested for various conflicting criteria compressive strength, flexural strength, porosity, water absorption, bulk density, thermal conductivity, specific heat, thermal diffusivity, and thermal effusivity whose weightages obtained were 29.09%, 20.08%, 12.77%, 10.60%, 8.74%, 6.74%, 5.54%, 4.47%, and 1.97%, respectively, as per AHP analysis. Later, considering these different criteria and alternate mortars, it was observed that a 1:1 mortar with 20% CTD, 30% FA, and 50% GGBFS (RC20F30G50) is found to be the suitable mortar with the highest relative closeness coefficient of 0.861 and the highest net outranking flow of 0.316 with respect to MCDM techniques: technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and preference ranking organization method for enrichment of evaluations (PROMETHEE-II), respectively. The ranking of the mortar in both methods complies with the relative weightages of the criteria and the performance of the mortars with respect to the above criteria.