RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The available evidence of the health effects of urban regeneration is scarce In Latin America, and there are no studies focused on formal housing that longitudinally evaluate the impact of housing and neighborhood interventions on health. The "Regeneración Urbana, Calidad de Vida y Salud" (Urban Regeneration, Quality of Life, and Health) or RUCAS project is a longitudinal, multi-method study that will evaluate the impact of an intervention focused on dwellings, built environment and community on the health and wellbeing of the population in two social housing neighborhoods in Chile. METHODS: RUCAS consists of a longitudinal study where inhabitants exposed and unexposed to the intervention will be compared over time within the study neighborhoods (cohorts), capitalizing on interventions as a natural experiment. Researchers have developed a specific conceptual framework and identified potential causal mechanisms. Proximal and more distal intervention effects will be measured with five instruments, implemented pre- and post-interventions between 2018 and 2021: a household survey, an observation tool to evaluate dwelling conditions, hygrochrons for measuring temperature and humidity inside dwellings, systematic observation of recreational areas, and qualitative interviews. Survey baseline data (956 households, 3130 individuals) is presented to describe sociodemographics, housing and health characteristics of both cohorts, noting that neighborhoods studied show worse conditions than the Chilean population. DISCUSSION: RUCAS' design allows for a comprehensive evaluation of the effects that the intervention could have on various dimensions of health and health determinants. RUCAS will face some challenges, like changes in the intervention process due to adjustments of the master plan, exogenous factors -including COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns- and lost to follow-up. Given the stepped wedge design, that the study capitalizes on within household changes over time, the possibility of adjusting data collection process and complementarity of methods, RUCAS has the flexibility to adapt to these circumstances. Also, RUCAS' outreach and retention strategy has led to high retention rates. RUCAS will provide evidence to inform regeneration processes, highlighting the need to consider potential health effects of regeneration in designing such interventions and, more broadly, health as a key priority in urban and housing policies.
Asunto(s)
Vivienda Popular , Calidad de Vida , Características de la Residencia , Actividades Cotidianas , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , COVID-19 , Niño , Preescolar , Chile/epidemiología , Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles , Planificación Ambiental , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , América Latina , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pandemias , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
A intensa e desigual urbanização das cidades brasileiras tem se caracterizado por apresentar, entre outros problemas, um recorrente déficit habitacional, advindo de um especulativo mercado imobiliário e da falta ou insuficiência de políticas públicas habitacionais inclusivas. Mas qual é de fato a realidade da situação habitacional brasileira? Os objetivos e a implementação da recente política habitacional nacional levam efetivamente em conta os indicadores existentes sobre o déficit habitacional e o número de imóveis urbanos vagos nos municípios brasileiros? Esse artigo discute brevemente essas questões e as incongruências existentes entre os objetivos das políticas habitacionais recentes e a real situação do déficit habitacional urbano no Brasil, analisando mais especificamente esse processo em municípios selecionados do Rio Grande do Sul. Metodologicamente, a análise é realizada a partir da correlação de dados secundários da Fundação João Pinheiro (FJP), do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e da Caixa Federal referente aos indicadores de população municipal, déficit habitacional urbano, nº de domicílios vagos urbanos e produção habitacional do Programa habitacional Minha Casa Minha Vida-MCMV(Faixa 1), em municípios de 75.000 a 300.000 habitantes no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Conclui-se que há descompassos entre os objetivos das políticas e indicadores da real situação habitacional, evidenciando a necessidade de avaliações e monitoramento das políticas públicas no território que observem e valorizem os indicadores habitacionais dos municípios.(AU)
The intense and unequal urbanization of Brazilian cities has been characterized by presenting, among other problems, a recurring housing deficit, arising from a speculative real estate market and the lack or insufficiency of including public policies. But what is the real situation of the Brazilian housing? Do the objectives and implementation of the recent national housing policy effectively take into account the existing indicators on the housing deficit and the number of vacant urban properties in Brazilian municipalities? This article briefly discusses these issues and the inconsistencies between the objectives of recent housing policies and the real situation of the urban housing deficit in Brazil, analyzing more specifically this process in selected municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul. Methodologically, the analysis was done through from the correlation of secondary data from the Fundação João Pinheiro (FJP), the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) and the Caixa Federal referring to the indicators of the municipal population, urban housing deficit, number of urban vacant homes and housing production of the Housing Program Minha Casa Minha Vida - MCMV (Track 1), in municipalities of 75,000 to 300,000 inhabitants in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. It is concluded that there is dispatch between the objectives of policies and indicators of the real housing situation, highlighting the need for assessments and monitoring of public policies in the territory that notice and value the housing indicators of the municipalities.(AU)
La urbanización intensa y desigual de las ciudades brasileñas se ha caracterizado por presentar, entre otros problemas, un déficit habitacional recurrente, derivado de un mercado inmobiliario especulativo y la falta o insuficiencia de políticas públicas inclusivas. ¿ Pero, cuál es la realidad de la situación de la vivienda brasileña? ¿Los objetivos y la implementación de la reciente política nacional de vivienda tienen efectivamente en cuenta los indicadores existentes sobre el déficit de vivienda y el número de propiedades urbanas vacantes en los municipios brasileños? Este artículo discute brevemente estos problemas y las inconsistencias entre los objetivos de las políticas de vivienda recientes y la situación real del déficit de vivienda urbana en Brasil, analizando más específicamente este proceso en municipios seleccionados en Rio Grande do Sul. Metodológicamente, el análisis se lleva a cabo desde la correlación de datos secundarios de la Fundação João Pinheiro (FJP), el Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) y la Caixa Federal en referencia a los indicadores de población municipal, déficit de viviendas urbanas, número de viviendas urbanas vacantes y producción de viviendas del Programa de Vivienda Minha Casa Minha Vida-MCMV (Carril 1), en municipios de 75,000 a 300,000 habitantes en el estado de Rio Grande do Sul. Se concluye que existen desajustes entre los objetivos de las políticas y los indicadores de la situación real de la vivienda, destacando la necesidad de evaluaciones y monitoreo de políticas públicas en el territorio que monitorear y mejorar los indicadores de vivienda de los municipios.(AU)