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BACKGROUND: In Iceland air quality is generally good; however, previous studies indicate that there is an association between air pollution in Reykjavik and adverse health effects as measured by dispensing of medications, mortality, and increase in health care utilisation. The aim was to study the association between traffic-related ambient air pollution in the Reykjavik capital area and emergency hospital visits for heart diseases and particularly atrial fibrillation and flutter (AF). METHODS: A multivariate time-stratified case-crossover design was used to study the association. Cases were those patients aged 18 years or older living in the Reykjavik capital area during the study period, 2006-2017, who made emergency visits to Landspitali University Hospital for heart diseases. In this population-based study, the primary discharge diagnoses were registered according to International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10). The pollutants studied were NO2, PM10, PM2.5, and SO2, with adjustment for H2S, temperature, and relative humidity. The 24-h mean of pollutants was used with lag 0 to lag 4. RESULTS: During the study period 9536 cases of AF were identified. The 24-h mean NO2 was 20.7 µg/m3. Each 10 µg/m3 increase in NO2 was associated with increased risk of heart diseases (ICD-10: I20-I25, I44-I50), odds ratio (OR) 1.023 (95% CI 1.012-1.034) at lag 0. Each 10 µg/m3 increase in NO2 was associated with an increased risk of AF (ICD-10: I48) on the same day, OR 1.030 (95% CI: 1.011-1.049). Females were at higher risk for AF, OR 1.051 (95% CI 1.019-1.083) at lag 0, and OR 1.050 (95% CI 1.019-1.083) at lag 1. Females aged younger than 71 years had even higher risk for AF, OR 1.077 (95% CI: 1.025-1.131) at lag 0. Significant associations were found for other pollutants and emergency hospital visits, but they were weaker and did not show a discernable pattern. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term increase in NO2 concentrations was associated with heart diseases, more precisely with AF. The associations were stronger among females, and among females at younger age. This is the first study in Iceland that finds an association between air pollution and cardiac arrhythmias, so the results should be interpreted with caution.

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Objetivo: caracterizar o câncer infantojuvenil no Brasil, a partir da investigação nacional e regional dos registros hospitalares de câncer, no período de 2000 a 2016. Método: estudo observacional, retrospectivo e de base secundária, com amostra de 71.925 registros contendo informações de crianças e adolescentes (0 a 19 anos). Resultados: o câncer infantojuvenil foi mais frequente no sexo masculino com 39.049 (54,3%) casos, existindo 22.391 (31,1%) registros de crianças de 0 e 4 anos de idade e 19.892 (40,4%) com cor de pele parda. As leucemias, doenças mieloproliferativas e doenças mielodisplásicas acometeram 20.744 (28,8%) indivíduos. Os tumores sólidos foram diagnosticados em 42.087 (58,5%) crianças e adolescentes, sendo 23.941 (48,7%) submetidas a quimioterapia no início do tratamento e 56.518 (78,6%) que iniciaram o tratamento até 60 dias após comprovação diagnóstica. Conclusão: foi possível conhecer o perfil demográfico, clínico e assistencial das crianças e adolescentes com câncer no Brasil, e por regiões

Objective: to characterize childhood cancer in Brazil, based on the national and regional investigation of hospital-based cancer registries, from 2000 to 2016. Method: observational, retrospective and secondary-based study, with a sample of 71,925 records containing information of children and adolescents (0 to 19 years old). Results: infant-juvenile cancer was more frequent in males with 39,049 (54.3%) cases, with 22,391 (31.1%) records of children aged 0 and 4 years and 19,892 (40.4%) with color of brown skin. Leukemias, myeloproliferative diseases and myelodysplastic diseases affected 20,744 (28.8%) individuals. Solid tumors were diagnosed in 42,087 (58.5%) children and adolescents,23,941 (48.7%) of which underwent chemotherapy at the beginning of treatment and 56,518 (78.6%) who started treatment within 60 days of the diagnosis. Conclusion: it was possible to know the demographic, clinical and care profile of children and adolescents with cancer in Brazil, and by region

Objetivo: caracterizar el cáncer infantil en Brasil, con base en la investigación nacional y regional de registros hospitalarios de cáncer, de 2000 a 2016. Método: estudio observacional, retrospectivo y secundario, con una muestra de 71,925 registros que contienen información de niños. y adolescentes (0 a 19 años). Resultados: el cáncer infantil-juvenil fue más frecuente en el sexo masculino con 39.049 (54,3%) casos, con 22.391 (31,1%) registros de niños de 0 y 4 años y 19.892 (40,4%) con color de piel morena. Las leucemias, enfermedades mieloproliferativas y enfermedades mielodisplásicas afectaron a 20.744 (28,8%) individuos. Se diagnosticaron tumores sólidos en 42.087 (58,5%) niños y adolescentes, 23.941 (48,7%) de los cuales se sometieron a quimioterapia al inicio del tratamiento y 56.518 (78,6%) que iniciaron el tratamiento dentro de los 60 días del diagnóstico. Conclusión: fue posible conocer el perfil demográfico, clínico y de atención de niños y adolescentes con cáncer en Brasil y por región

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Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) are X-linked recessive neuromuscular disorders caused by mutations in DMD. A high-quality database of DMD/BMD is essential not only for clinical practice but also for fundamental research. Here, we aimed to build the largest Chinese national dystrophinopathy database using the National Rare Diseases Registry System of China. Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) was the National Rare Diseases Center of China. This research involved 2013 patients with dystrophinopathies, whose diagnoses were confirmed; they were registered and followed up at PUMCH from March 2011 to December 2018. Family history, clinical signs, and treatment data were reported for patients with DMD and BMD at different rates. All six serum biochemical indexes could accurately distinguish between DMD and BMD patients. Copy number variations were the most frequent mutation type (79.2% in DMD and 84.3% in BMD), of which large deletions accounted for 88.4 and 88.6%, large duplications accounted for 11.6 and 11.4% in DMD and BMD, respectively. An exon deletion hotspot, located in exons 45-54, was observed in DMD, and intron 44 was the most frequent deletion starting point (26.5%). Duplication and single nucleotide variations appeared to be uniformly distributed among all exons. Eleven patients were identified to have ultrarare mutation types. Eleven other patients suffered from two separate mutations simultaneously, some of which may have taken place via dependent mechanisms. Thus, we have established the largest hospital-based Chinese dystrophinopathy database via the National Rare Diseases Registry System. This study provides valuable information for further diagnostic and therapeutic studies of dystrophinopathy.

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Resumen Objetivo: Describir las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de los pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de cáncer atendidos en el Hospital Universitario San José (HUSJ) de Popayán, Colombia. Métodos: Estudio observacional con datos rutinarios de cáncer que incluyó pacientes mayores de 18 años atendidos entre 2012 y 2017 en los servicios de urgencias y hospitalización con diagnóstico de cáncer, según el Manual CIE 10 (Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades, décima versión) en el HUSJ. Se aplicó una estrategia de muestreo aleatorio simple con afijación proporcional por años y se analizaron de forma descriptiva y gráfica. Resultados: Se incluyeron 245 pacientes. El 51% de los cuales correspondió al género femenino y la mediana de edad fue de 64 años. El cáncer más frecuente en ambos sexos fue el de estómago, seguido por el cáncer de ovario y cérvix en mujeres y por el cáncer de próstata, de tejido sanguíneo y de médula ósea en hombres. Los tipos histológicos de cáncer registrados en la mayoría de los pacientes fueron los carcinomas y adenocarcinomas. En el 36,7% de los pacientes se documentó la presencia de metástasis. La mortalidad durante la última hospitalización fue del 20% y el 12% de los pacientes requirieron remisión a otro nivel de atención superior. Conclusión: Los resultados de este estudio muestran similitudes con el comportamiento de la enfermedad en el país, con excepción del cáncer ginecológico. Adicionalmente, aporta información valiosa tanto a nivel regional como a la institución y crea conciencia de la necesidad de la implementación y mantenimiento de registros hospitalarios de cáncer.

Abstract Objective: To describe the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of adult cancer patients who received treatment at the San José University Hospital (HUSJ) in Popayán, Colombia. Methods: Observational study with routine cancer data, which included patients aged over 18 years, who received treatment between 2012 and 2017 in the emergency and hospitalization departments, with cancer diagnosis according to the ICD Manual 10 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases, tenth revision) in the HUSJ. It was applied a simple random sampling strategy, with proportional allocation by years, and they were analyzed descriptively and graphically. Results: 245 patients were included, 51% of which corresponded to female gender; median age, 64 years. The most frequent cancer in both sexes was stomach cancer, followed by ovary cancer and cervix cancer in women; and cancer of the prostate, blood tissue, and bone marrow in men. The histological types of cancer registered in most of the patients were carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. The presence of metastases was documented in 36.7% of the patients. The mortality during the last hospitalization was 20%; and 12% of patients required referral to another higher level of care. Conclusion: The results of this study show similarities with the behavior of the disease in the country, with the exception of gynecological cancer. Additionally, it provides valuable information both regionally and at institution level, as well as it raises awareness of the need for the implementation and maintenance of hospital cancer records.

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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine patient factors that influence patient compliance to fill out anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) registry forms. METHODS: Patients prospectively enrolled in the ACLR registry at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who were followed up for at least 6 months were included. Patients who did not fill out initial registry forms were excluded. Patients were asked to fill out forms preoperatively and at 6, 12 and 24 months postoperatively. The impacts of age, race, employment status, medical insurance, smoking status, driving distance to the hospital and importance to return to the same level of sporting activity were analyzed against patient compliance (yes/no) to complete registry forms at the respective follow-ups. Multivariate analysis was performed to analyze variables at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. The numbers of patients who were followed up for more than 24 months were too low to run a multivariate analysis, so only univariate analysis was performed on this cohort. RESULTS: A total of 221 patients filled out the initial preoperative forms at least 6 months before data gathering was commenced and were included. At 6 months postoperatively, none of the variables significantly influenced patient compliance. At 12 months, younger age and longer driving distance to the hospital had a significant negative impact on compliance [OR per year: 0.92 (0.85-0.99), p = 0.0237; OR per mile: 1.01 (1, 1.01), p = 0.0297]. Patients who filled out registry forms at 6 months were significantly more compliant at 12 months postoperatively (p < 0.0001). At 24 months, the influence of age remained significant (p = 0.0262) and, additionally, patients who initially noted that it was important for them to return to the same level of sports were significantly less compliant (p = 0.0367). CONCLUSION: Younger age and longer driving distance to the hospital were significantly associated with less compliance to fill out ACLR registry forms at 12 months postoperatively. Patient perspectives on the importance to return to the same level of sports were inversely related to compliance at 24 months postoperatively. This information can be utilized to improve compliance in future studies as we have potentially identified patients that can be viewed as "at-risk" for registry noncompliance.

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OBJECTIVES: The Hospital Clínico San Carlos Committee against violence established a protocol in 2012 in order to detect and follow-up violence against elderly persons. This article presents the experience after 3years of its introduction, as well as an analysis comparing the differences between those younger and older than 65years of age. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All cases were collected during years 2013, 2014, and 2015, and were divided into two groups, A and B, according to age, younger or older than 65years. Parameters studied were: gender, place of detection (emergency department, during hospital admission, or outpatient clinics), type of professional worker who detected each case (social workers, nurses, or physicians), previous history of violence, type of aggression (physical, psychological, financial), institutional procedures once aggression was confirmed, and deaths after one year of follow-up. The SPPS v.18.0 package was used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 172 cases were detected, of which 140 of them were included in groupA (<65years), and 32 in groupB (>65 years, 22.8%). Gender: GroupA: women: 93.5%. GroupB: women: 78.1% (P=.014). Registration site: GroupA: emergency department: 90.7%, hospital wards: 6.4%, outpatient wards: 3.0. GroupB: emergency department: 65.6%, hospital wards: 31.6%, outpatient wards: 2.8% (P=.001). Notification: GroupA: social worker: 25%, physician: 67.8%, nurse: 6.4%. GroupB: social worker: 65.2%, physician: 28.1%, nurse: 6.2% (P<.001). Previous violence history: GroupA: 62.1%. GroupB: 68.7%. Type of abuse: GroupA: physical: 56.4%, psychological: 2.8%, physical +psychological: 30.4%, physical +psychological +economic: 10.1%. GroupB: physical: 31.1%, psychological: 5.1%, neglect: 18.7%, physical +psychological: 10.1, physical +psychological +economic: 9.8, economic: 25.1 (P<.0001). Resources employed and follow-up: Injuries: Group A: 63.5%. Group B: 31.2% (P=.001). Judicial protection measures: GroupA: 12.8. GroupB: 15.6 (P=.773). Removal order: GroupA: 2.1. GroupB: 6.25 (P=.235). More than one-third of patients in groupB, and none of the patients in groupA, died in the year of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: There are more problems detected in the Emergency Department. There is a history of previous violence in more than half of the cases in both age groups. The profile of the victim is an elderly woman with significant physical and cognitive impairment. Economic abuse and neglect are more frequent in the elderly population. In our series, more than one-third of elderly patients who are victims of ill-treatment die each year. The hospital registry is fundamental for the detection and follow-up of abuse in the elderly.

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RESUMO : O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os casos registrados de mesotelioma maligno em um hospital oncológico do Paraná no período de 1995 a 2015. Foram analisados 142 prontuários do Registro Hospitalar de Câncer de um Centro de Alta Complexidade em Oncologia de Curitiba, Paraná, registrados com os códigos topográficos C38 e C48. A coleta de dados ocorreu na instituição entre agosto de 2016 e julho de 2017, com a utilização de instrumento elaborado para a pesquisa. Para a manipulação dos dados e análises estatísticas utilizou-se o software Stata 14®. Foram identificados 16 casos de mesotelioma maligno, com 11 casos pleurais e cinco casos peritoneais. Foi observada maior prevalência em homens brancos, casados, com mais de 50 anos de idade, procedentes de Curitiba e com segundo grau de escolaridade. As ocupações relatadas na admissão foram variadas, com relato de exposição ocupacional ao amianto de apenas um paciente. Não foi possível estabelecer o perfil ocupacional devido à ausência de informações complementares. Em sete Declarações de Óbito as causas básicas dos óbitos eram diferentes dos diagnósticos registrados nas evoluções. Os principais sintomas relatados na busca por atendimento foram emagrecimento, dispneia e dor. Em 68,8% dos casos o tumor apresentava estádio IV, o que denota busca tardia por assistência. O tratamento utilizado foi paliativo multimodal, sendo a quimioterapia o tratamento de eleição em 68,8%. A Sensibilidade dos registros da doença foi de 81%, uma vez que três casos foram notificados com topografias inadequadas. A Especificidade foi de 97%. Divergências encontradas entre alguns diagnósticos estabelecidos em prontuários e os repassados ao Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade e Registro Hospitalar de Câncer apontam para a possibilidade de subnotificação e a necessidade de treinamentos sobre completude de registros e o uso de códigos de classificação de doenças.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to describe the reported cases of Malignant Mesothelioma at a cancer hospital in Paraná between 1995 and 2015. A total of 142 medical records of a Hospital Registry of Cancer of the Center of High Complexity in Oncology in Curitiba. Were analyzed, in which 142 were registered with the topographic codes C38 and C48. Data collection took place between August 2016 and July 2017, with the use of an instrument developed by the researcher. For the manipulation of the data and statistical analysis was used the software Stata 14®. Sixteen cases of Malignant Mesothelioma were identified, with 11 pleural cases and five peritoneal cases. It was observed a higher prevalence in white men, married, over 50 years old, coming from Curitiba and with a second degree of education. The occupations reported on admission were varied, with reports of occupational exposure to asbestos from only one patient. It was not possible to establish the occupational profile due to the lack of complementary information. In seven death certificates the basic causes of death were different from the diagnoses recorded in the evolutions. The main symptoms reported in the search of care were weight loss, dyspnea and pain. In 68.8% of the cases the tumor presented stage IV, denoting a late search by the patient for assistance. The treatment used was multimodal palliative, with chemotherapy being the treatment of choice in 68.8%. The sensitivity of the disease records was 81%, since three cases were reported with inadequate topographies. Specificity was 97%. Divergences were found between some diagnoses established in medical records and those passed on to the Mortality Information System and Cancer Hospital Registry pointed to the possibility of underreporting and the need for training on completeness of registries and use of disease classification codes.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los casos registrados de mesotelioma maligno en un hospital oncológico del Paraná entre 1995 y 2015. Se analizaron 142 historias clínicas de un Registro Hospitalar de Cáncer de un Centro de Alta Complejidad en Oncología de Curitiba, que fueron registrados con los códigos topográficos C38 y C48. La colecta de datos se realizó entre agosto de 2016 y julio de 2017, con utilización de instrumento elaborado por la investigadora. Para la manipulación de los datos y el análisis estadístico se utilizó el software Stata 14®. Se identificaron 16 casos de mesotelioma maligno,11 casos pleurales y cinco peritoneales. Se observó mayor prevalencia en hombres blancos, casados, de más de 50 años de edad, procedentes de Curitiba, con escolaridad correspondiente a la enseñanza secundaria. Las ocupaciones relatadas en la admisión fueron variadas, solamente un paciente relató exposición ocupacional al amianto. No fue posible establecer el perfil ocupacional debido a la ausencia de informaciones complementarias. En siete Declaraciones de Óbito las causas básicas de estos óbitos eran diferentes de los diagnósticos registrados en las evoluciones. Los principales síntomas relatados al buscar atendimiento fueron adelgazamiento, dispneia y dolor. En 68,8% de los casos el tumor presenta estadio IV, lo que denota búsqueda de asistencia tardía. El tratamiento utilizado fue paliativo multimodal, siendo la quimioterapia el tratamiento elegido en 68,8% de los casos. La Sensibilidad de los registros de la enfermedad fue de 81%, ya que tres casos fueron notificados con topografías inadecuadas. La Especificidad fue de 97%. Divergencias encontradas entre algunos diagnósticos establecidos en historias clínicas y los enviados al Sistema de Información de Mortalidad y Registro Hospitalar de Cáncer indican posible subnotificación y necesidad de capacitación sobre completitud de registros y uso de códigos de clasificación de enfermedades.

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INTRODUCTION: Injuries are the leading cause of disability across all ages and gender. In this study, we identified predictors of discharge status and disability at discharge among patients who seek emergency room treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in two major trauma hospitals in urban Gambia. 1905 patients participated in the study. 74.9% were males, and 25.1% were females. The study includes injured patients from all mechanisms. However, patients' records without age, gender, injury mechanism, and deposition from the emergency room were considered incomplete and excluded. We examined distributions of injury by age, gender, mechanism, place of occurrence, intent, primary body part injured, and primary nature of injury. We identified demographic and injury characteristics associated with hospital admission (compared to emergency department discharge) and discharge disability (any level of disability compared with none). RESULTS: The leading mechanisms of injury were road traffic (26.1%), struck by objects (22.1%), cut/pierce (19.2%), falls (19.2%), and burns (5.4%). Injuries most commonly occurred in the home (36.7%) and on the road (33.2%). For those aged 19-44, the proportion of injuries due to assault was higher for females (35.9%) than males (29.7%). Males had increased odds for admission (aOR=1.48 95% CI=1.15-1.91) and for disability (aOR=1.45; 95% CI=1.06-1.99). Increased odds for admission were found for brain injuries, fractures, large system injuries, and musculoskeletal injuries when compared with soft tissue injuries. The highest odds for any level of discharge disability were found for brain injuries, fractures, injuries from falls, burns, and road traffic. CONCLUSIONS: Epidemiology of injuries in The Gambia is similar to other low-income countries. However, the magnitude of cases and issues uncovered highlights the need for a formal registry.

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El código de accidente cerebrovascular es una alerta que moviliza a un equipo de respuestarápida para tratar pacientes con accidente cerebro vascular (ACV) con el fin de evaluarlos prontamente yadministrar tratamientos como la fibrinólisis.Objetivos: describir comparativamente el tratamiento dado a una población de pacientes con ACV isquémicoagudo antes del código 2007/2008 y después del código 2009/2010 considerando el tiempo para la primeraatención médica, para la atención por neurología, para realización de las neuroimágenes, la mejoría clínica por laescala NIHSS, la probabilidad de trombólisis, discapacidad, estancia hospitalaria, mortalidad intra-hospitalaria.Métodos: teniendo una base de datos con los pacientes de los dos períodos de tiempo (2007/8 -2009/10),se realizó un análisis estadístico con descripción de las variables, medidas de tendencia central, dispersión yposición, con un análisis exploratorio de las variables categóricas entre ambos períodos.Resultados: se encontró que los tiempos de la primera atención médica (24 vs 24 minutos; p =0,37), la evaluaciónneurológica (61 vs 107 minutos, p =0,06) y realización de la imagen del cerebro (45,9 vs 64,5 minutos,p =0,06) respectivamente mostraron un retraso no significativo para el segundo período de tiempo después delcódigo de ACV. El buen resultado funcional con una escala de Rankin modificada ≤ 2 (64,8 % para el primerperíodo frente a 64,6 % para el segundo período, p = 0,98) no mostró diferencias.Conclusiones: en este hospital el código de ACV no afectó el pronóstico de los pacientes con respecto atiempos de atención, frecuencia de rt-PA, discapacidad o mortalidad...

Introduction: stroke coding is an alert system that mobilizes a rapid response team to treat patients withstroke and to administer treatments like fibrinolysis.Objectives: to describe by way of comparison between two periods a population of patients with acute ischemicstroke before code 2007/2008 and after code 2009/2010 considering: time for first medical attention, neurologicalevaluation, brain imaging performing, clinical improvement by the NIHSS, thrombolysis probability,disability, length of stay in the hospital, intra-hospital mortality.Materials and methods: starting from a database of the patients for the two periods of time (2007/8 and2009/10), a statistical analysis with variable description was done, using descriptive statistics, measures of centraltendency, dispersion and position, with an exploratory analysis of the categorical variables.Results: we found that the times of first medical attention (24 vs 24 minutes; p =0.37), neurological attention(61 vs 107 minutes, p =0.06) and the time to the brain imaging (45.9 vs 64.5 minutes, p =0.06) did not showa significant delay in the second period of time after the stroke code. The good functional outcome with aRankin scale ≤ (64.8 % for the first period compared with 64.6 % in the second period, p = 0.98) did notshow any differences...

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Objetivo: Caracterizar los casos nuevos de cáncer en la Unidad de Cancerología de Huila. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo que incluyó a los pacientes con cáncer del 'Registro institucional de cáncer' para el periodo 2006-2008. Se realizó un análisis general y uno específico para cuatro localizaciones e información en niños. Se usaron frecuencias y medidas de tendencia central para resumir las variables categóricas y numéricas. Resultados: Se analizaron 2.689 casos nuevos de cáncer. La media de edad fue de 55 años. El 82% residía en el Huila. Las primeras localizaciones fueron: mama, cuello del útero, estómago, piel y sistema hematopoyético; los diagnósticos más frecuentes en niños fueron: leucemias, linfomas y sarcomas. El 18,4% de los pacientes había muerto al momento de la recolección de información. Conclusiones: Los resultados son similares al comportamiento de la enfermedad en el INC y el país. La continuidad en los registros hospitalarios de cáncer en esta institución permitirá conocer el comportamiento de cáncer en el orden local y generar acciones para el control del cáncer.

Objective: To characterize the new cases of cancer in the Huila Cancerology Unit. Methods: A descriptive study that included patients with cancer recorded in the Hospital Cancer Registry for the period 2006-2008. A general analysis was performed and a specific one for four locations, and information on children. Frequency and central tendency measurement were used to summarize the categorical and numerical variables. Results: A total of 2,689 new cases of cancer were analyzed. The mean age was 55 years, and the majority resided in Huila. The primary locations were: breast, neck of the cervix, stomach, skin, and hematopoietic system. The most frequent diagnoses in children were, leukemias, lymphomas, and sarcomas. At the time the information was collected, 18.4% of the patients had died. Conclusions: The results are similar to the behavior of the disease in the INC and in the country. The maintenance of hospital cancer registers in this institution will help to understand the behavior of cancer in location order, and lead to actions for the control of the cancer.

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