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Resumen: Los fosfuros metálicos son efectivos plaguicidas empleados para proteger granos de cultivo durante su almacenaje y transportación; sin embargo, su uso puede extenderse al combate de plagas en sitios donde se almacenan, procesan y consumen alimentos, tal es el caso de mercados, restaurantes e incluso en el hogar. Presentamos el caso de una paciente que en un intento suicida ingirió una cantidad potencialmente letal de fosfuro de zinc, a la cual fue posible otorgarle un abordaje temprano basado en la terapia de soporte, descontaminación gástrica, administración de aceite de oliva y el empleo de hemofiltración como técnica para incrementar la eliminación, con lo cual el desenlace resultó favorable. Ello sugiere que el inicio temprano de la descontaminación y la instauración oportuna de la terapia de sostén son capaces de atenuar el impacto de dichos xenobióticos en el organismo. Adicionalmente, en nuestra paciente no se observó un factor protector con el uso de aceite de oliva, pero sí con el uso de hemofiltración. Pese a ello, son necesarios estudios comparativos antes de considerar la hemofiltración como terapia de elección en pacientes intoxicados por fosfuros metálicos.

Abstract: Metal phosphides are effective pesticides used to protect grains during storage and transportation, however, their use can be extended to combat pests in places where food is stored, processed, and consumed, such markets, restaurants and even at home. We present the case of a patient who in a suicide attempt ingested a potentially lethal amount of zinc phosphide, who was given an early approach based on supportive therapy, gastric decontamination, administration of olive oil, and the use of hemofiltration as a technique to increase elimination, with which the outcome was favorable. The above suggests that the early initiation of decontamination and the opportune establishment of maintenance therapy are capable of attenuating the impact of these xenobiotics in the organism. Additionally, in our patient a protective factor was not observed with the use of olive oil, but with the use of hemofiltration. Despite this, comparative studies are necessary before considering hemofiltration as the therapy of choice in patients poisoned by metal phosphides.

Resumo: Os fosfetos metálicos são pesticidas eficazes utilizados na proteção de grãos durante o armazenamento e transporte, porém, seu uso pode ser estendido para combater pragas em locais onde os alimentos são armazenados, processados e consumidos, como mercados, restaurantes e até mesmo em casa. Apresentamos o caso de um paciente que em tentativa de suicídio ingeriu uma quantidade potencialmente letal de fosfeto de zinco, ao qual foi realizada abordagem precoce baseada em terapia de suporte, descontaminação gástrica, administração de azeite de oliva e uso de hemofiltração como técnica para aumentar a eliminação, com o qual o resultado foi favorável. Isso sugere que o início precoce da descontaminação e o estabelecimento oportuno da terapia de manutenção são capazes de atenuar o impacto desses xenobióticos no organismo. Além disso, em nosso paciente não foi observado fator protetor com o uso de azeite, mas sim com o uso de hemofiltração. Apesar disso, estudos comparativos são necessários antes de considerar a hemofiltração como terapia de escolha em pacientes intoxicados por fosfetos metálicos.

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La Insuficiencia Renal Aguda (IRA), es sin dudas una de las complicaciones más frecuentes que puede presentar el paciente crítico; la cual se define como la disminución en la capacidad que tienen los riñones para eliminar productos nitrogenados de desechos. En las unidades de cuidados críticos la causa de las mismas puede ser multifactorial y se relaciona con el fallo multiorgánico. El presente trabajo es un relato de experiencia, un trabajo descriptivo de experiencias de la terapia en reemplazo renal continuo, acompañado además de recolección bibliográfica, cuyo objetivo principal es la capacitación en el tratamiento de las insuficiencias renales en los pacientes críticos con la terapia de reemplazo renal continuo. Para abordar esta temática, se conformó un equipo multidisciplinario en el mes de Abril del año 2021, entre los servicios de Unidad de Cuidados Crítico y el Servicio de Nefrología, en donde se desarrolló un plan de capacitación de manera virtual para abordar el tratamiento a los pacientes con fallo renal, el cual contó además con la disertación y capacitación de personal altamente calificados en el tema, para posteriormente realizar un entrenamiento teórico-práctico en el servicio de Hemodiálisis del Sanatorio Allende de Nueva Córdoba, en la técnica de conexión y desconexión de catéteres de hemodiálisis, en el cual asistieron un total de 26 enfermeros del área de Terapia Intensiva de ambas sedes con el fin de aprender la técnica específica que se aplicará en los pacientes que serán sometidos a hemofiltración venovenosa continua[AU]

Acute Renal Insufficiency (AKI) is undoubtedly one of the most frequent complications that critical patients may present; which is defined as the decrease in the ability of the kidneys to eliminate nitrogenous waste products. In critical care units, their cause can be multifactorial and is related to multiorgan failure.The present work is a report of experiences, a descriptive work of experiences of continuous renal replacement therapy, accompanied by a bibliographic collection, whose main objective is training in the treatment of renal insufficiency in critical patients with replacement therapy. continuous kidney. To address this issue, a multidisciplinary team was formed in April 2021, between the services of the Critical Care Unit and the Nephrology Service, where a training plan was developed virtually to address the treatment of patients. patients with kidney failure, which also included the dissertation and training of highly qualified personnel on the subject, to subsequently carry out theoretical-practical training in the Hemodialysis service of the Allende Sanatorium in Nueva Córdoba, in the connection and disconnection technique of hemodialysis catheters, which was attended by a total of 26 nurses from the Intensive Care area of both sites in order to learn the specific technique that will be applied to patients who will undergo continuous venovenous hemofiltration[AU]

A Insuficiência Renal Aguda (LRA) é, semdúvida, uma das complicaçõesmaisfrequentes que os pacientes críticos podemapresentar; que é definida como a diminuição da capacidade dos rins de eliminar produtosresiduais nitrogenados. Em unidades de terapia intensiva, sua causa pode ser multifatorial e está relacionada à falência de múltiplos órgãos. O presente trabalho é um relato de experiências, umtrabalhodescritivo de experiências de terapia renal substitutiva contínua, acompanhado de umlevantamento bibliográfico, cujo objetivo principal é a capacitação no tratamento da insuficiência renal em pacientes críticos com terapia substitutiva renal. Para abordar essaquestão, uma equipe multidisciplinar foi formada em abril de 2021, entre os serviços da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva e o Serviço de Nefrologia, onde foi desenvolvido um plano de treinamento virtualmente para abordar o tratamento de pacientes com insuficiência renal, que incluiutambém o dissertação e treinamento de pessoal altamente qualificado no assunto, para posteriormente realizar treinamento teórico-prático no serviço de Hemodiálise do Sanatório Allende em Nueva Córdoba, na técnica de conexão e desconexão de cateteres de hemodiálise, que contoucom a participação de um total de 26 enfermeiros da área de Terapia Intensiva de ambos os locais para conhecer a técnica específica que será aplicada aos pacientes que ser ãosubmetidos à hemofiltração venovenosa contínua[AU]

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Introducción: la enfermedad renal crónica es una patología causada por la pérdida del funcionamiento del riñón con una filtración glomerular alterada por más de tres meses, por lo que es necesario recibir terapia de reemplazo renal consistente en la sustitución de esta función mediante la extracción de líquidos de la sangre y su filtración a través de membranas semipermeables, en especial para mantener la homeostasis mediante la eliminación de sustancias tóxicas nitrogenadas y desechos acumulados. Discusión y conclusiones: estos procedimientos y en particular la hemodiálisis puede presentar diversas complicaciones debido a que son procesos invasivos. Cabe mencionar que los pacientes en terapia de reemplazo presentan una disminución de la calidad de vida sobre todo a nivel físico y psicológico, a costa de mantener una mejor condición de su salud renal.

Introduction: chronic kidney disease is a condition caused by the loss of kidney function with impaired glomerular filtration for more than three months, making it necessary to receive renal replacement therapy which is a substitute for the normal function of kidneys by removing fluid from the blood using filtration across semipermeable membranes, especially to maintainhomeostasis by removing toxic nitrogenous substances and accumulated wastes. Discusion and conclusions: these procedures, in particular hemodialysis, may lead to various complications for they are invasive processes. It is worth mentioning that replacement therapy may decrease patients ́ quality of life, especially impacting their physical and psychological domains, at the expense of maintaining a better condition of their renal health.

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Objetivos: Determinar la vida media de los hemofiltros en el paciente crítico ingresado en la unidad de cuidados intensivos y los principales factores asociados a su duración.Metodología:Estudio descriptivo observacional transversal, realizado en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de adultos polivalente. Se estudiaron los hemofiltros colocados en 67 pacientes mayores de 18 años, entre enero y noviembre de 2019. Variables: edad, sexo, peso, unidad de ingreso, velocidad de flujo sanguíneo, fracción de filtrado, débito horario, anticoagulación del sistema, tiempo de tromboplastina activada (TTPA), indicación médica de la terapia, causa de la retirada, localización del catéter, hora de inicio y finalización de la terapia.Resultados:La edad media de los pacientes fue de 62,66 años (±9,95), 81 (71,64%) hombres. Se analizaron un total de 238 hemofiltros con una vida media de 26,28 horas (±22,8). El 80,1 % de los catéteres fueron femorales, el 19% yugulares y el 0,8% subclavios. Se empleó como terapia de anticoagulación, heparina sódica en un 45,8%, citratos en el 20,2% y en un 34% no se utilizó anticoagulación. La velocidad media de flujo sanguíneo fue de 190,08 ml/min (±53,48). Se encontró relación estadística entre las variables flujo sanguíneo (rs=0,208; p=0,001), localización del catéter y duración del hemofiltro (p=0,03).Conclusiones:La vida media del hemofiltro fue de 26 horas. La velocidad del flujo sanguíneo y localización del catéter son factores que repercuten en la duración del hemofiltro. (AU)

Objectives: To determine the half-life of haemofilters in critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and the main factors associated with their duration.Methodology:Cross-sectional observational descriptive study conducted in a polyvalent adult intensive care unit. The haemofilters placed in 67 patients over 18 years of age between January and November 2019 were studied. Variables: age, sex, weight, admission unit, blood flow velocity, filtration fraction, hourly debit, system anticoagulation, activated thromboplastin time (APTT), medical indication for therapy, cause of withdrawal, catheter location, start and end time of therapy.Results:The mean age of the patients was 62.66 years (±9.95), 81 (71.64%) men. A total of 238 haemofilters with a mean lifetime of 26.28 hours (±22.8) were analysed. Femoral catheters accounted for 80.1 %, jugular catheters for 19 % and subclavian catheters for 0.8 %. Sodium heparin was used as anticoagulation therapy in 45.8 %, citrates in 20.2 % and no anticoagulation in 34 %. Mean blood flow velocity was 190.08 ml/min (±53.48). A statistical relationship was found between the variables blood flow (rs=0.208; p=0.001), catheter location and haemofilter duration (p=0.03).Conclusions:The half-life of the haemofilter was 26 hours. Blood flow velocity and catheter location are factors that affect the duration of the haemofilter. (AU)

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RESUMEN La insuficiencia renal aguda es definida como la pérdida de función del riñón ocasionada por diversas causas, entre ellas infección e ingesta de fármacos. Esta entidad tiene alta morbilidad y mortalidad en las unidades de cuidados críticos. El tratamiento de la misma va desde la propia protección renal hasta la sustitución artificial de las funciones del riñón lesionado. En la actualidad la terapia de reemplazo renal continua se ha utilizado como soporte renal, y ofrece mayor estabilidad clínica a los pacientes más inestables. En esta revisión se comentan conceptos, indicaciones y los más recientes estudios que validan el uso de esta terapéutica, así como el método de programación que se utilizó en un paciente con diagnóstico de una leptospirosis icterohemorrágica (síndrome de Weil), que estuvo en shock séptico con disfunción multiorgánica, donde se empleó esta terapia con resultados satisfactorios (AU).

ABSTRACT Acute kidney failure is defined as the loss of kidney function caused by various causes, including infection and drug intake. This entity has high morbidity and mortality in critical care units. Treatment ranges from renal protection to artificial replacement of the functions of the injured kidney. Currently, continuous renal replacement therapy has been used as renal support, and offers greater clinical stability to the most unstable patients. In this review, authors discuss concepts, indications and the most recent studies that validate the use of this therapeutic, as well as the programming method that was used in a patient with diagnosis of icteric-hemorrhagic leptospirosis (Weil syndrome), who was in septic shock with multiorgan dysfunction, where this therapy was used with satisfactory results (AU).

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INTRODUCTION: Haemofiltration paradigms used to manage critically ill patients with a dysregulated inflammatory response (DIR) assess kidney function to monitor its onset, adaptation, and completion. A Continuous Venous Hyperfiltration (CONVEHY) protocol is presented, in which a non-specific adsorption membrane (AN69-ST-Heparin Grafted) is used with citrate as an anticoagulant and substitution fluid. CONVEHY uses tools readily available to achieve kidney related and non-related objectives, and it is guided by the monitoring of pathophysiological responses. OBJECTIVES: To compare the response to an AN69-ST-HG membrane when heparin (He, n=5: Standard protocol) or citrate (Ci, n=6: CONVEHY protocol) was used to evaluate whether a larger study into the benefits of this protocol would be feasible. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a retrospective pilot study, the benefits of the CONVEHY protocol to manage patients with a DIR in a surgical critical care unit (CCUs) were assessed by evaluating the SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) (He 11 ± 2.35; Ci 11 ± 3.63: p=0.54) and APACHE II (He 28.60 ± 9.40; Ci 24 ± 8.46: p=0.93) scores. RESULTS: Nights in hospital (He 35.2 ± 16.3 nights; Ci 9 ± 2.53: p=0.004), hospital admission after discharge from the CCUs (He 40.25 ± 21.82; Ci 13.2 ± 4.09: p=0.063), patients hospitalised >20 days (He 80%; Ci 0%: p=0.048), days requiring mechanical ventilation (He 16 ± 5.66; Ci 4 ± 1.72: p=0.004), and the predicted (55.39 ± 26.13%) versus real mortality in both groups (9.1%: p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: The CONVEHY protocol improves the clinical responses of patients with DIR, highlighting the potential value of performing larger and confirmatory studies.

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Del 6 al 23% de los pacientes con lesión renal aguda (LRA) en unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) requieren apoyo renal, siendo la terapia continua una modalidad de alta frecuencia de uso en el paciente críticamente enfermo. Si bien el objetivo general de las terapias de reemplazo renal continuo (TRRC) es restablecer el equilibrio hídrico y ácido-base, junto con la eliminación de toxinas urémicas e inflamatorias relacionadas con la pérdida de depuración renal y la disfunción multiorgánica; reconocemos como efecto colateral la depuración (K) no deseado de moléculas y sustancias deseadas en la recuperación del paciente crítico, como pueden ser antimicrobianos y nutrientes. La sepsis es la causa más frecuente de LRA en la UCI y en este contexto la terapia antimicrobiana adecuadamente seleccionada y a la dosis correcta es la médica terapéutica más importante. De la misma manera, es indispensable garantizar el adecuado apoyo nutricional en este grupo poblacional. Proponemos en esta revisión una aproximación teórica y práctica para seleccionar el tratamiento farmacológico de antimicrobianos y el apoyo nutricional en el paciente en TRRC.Six to 23% of patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) in intensive care units (ICU) require renal support. Continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRT) have become the modality of choice in critical care. Although the aim of CRRT is to restore the water and acid-base balance, together with the removal of uremic and inflammatory toxins related to the loss of renal clearance and multi-organ dysfunction; we recognize as a side effect the unwanted clearance of molecules and substances desired for the recovery of the critically ill patient such as antimicrobials and nutrients. Sepsis is the most frequent cause of AKI in the ICU and, in this context, the appropriate selection of antimicrobial therapy, and at the correct dose, is one of the most important decisions; it is also essential to guarantee the adequate nutritional support in this population. We propose in this review a theoretical and practical approach to address the pharmacological management of antimicrobials and nutritional support in the patient in CRRT.

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Neurotoxicity caused by cefepime may occur predominantly in patients with impaired renal function. A case of a cefepime-induced non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is presented. A 65-year-old woman suffered a severe NCSE due to cefepime in the presence of acute renal failure, requiring coma induction with sodium thiopental. A serious interaction between valproic acid (VPA) and meropenem was also produced after changing cefepime to meropenem. Continuous veno-venous haemofiltration was employed to improve cefepime clearance, and the patient progressively regained her previous mental condition. In conclusion, the cefepime dose must be adjusted according to renal function in order to avoid toxicity in patients with renal failure. Electroencephalogram should be considered in cases of acute confusional state in patients receiving cefepime, to achieve early detection of NCSE. Continuous renal replacement therapy may be successfully employed in severe cases in order to accelerate cefepime removal. Likewise, meropenem should not be used concomitantly with VPA.

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Essential therapeutic principles in children with septic shock persist over time, although some new concepts have been recently incorporated, and fully awareness of pediatricians and intensivists is essential. Fluid resuscitation is a fundamental intervention, but the kind of ideal fluid has not been established yet, as each of these interventions has specific limitations and there is no evidence supportive of the superiority of one type of fluid. Should septic shock persists despite adequate fluid resuscitation, the use of inotropic medication and/or vasopressors is indicated. New vasoactive drugs can be used in refractory septic shock caused by vasopressors, and the use of hydrocortisone should be considered in children with suspected adrenal insufficiency, as it reduces the need for vasopressors. The indications for red blood cells transfusion or the optimal level of glycemia are still controversial, with no consensus on the threshold value for the use of these blood products or the initiation of insulin administration, respectively. Likewise, the use of high-volume hemofiltration is a controversial issue and further study is needed on the routine recommendation in the course of septic shock. Nutritional support is crucial, as malnutrition is a serious complication that should be properly prevented and treated. The aim of this paper is to provide update on the most recent advances as concerns the treatment of septic shock in the pediatric population.

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Los pilares terapéuticos del niño con shock séptico se mantienen en el tiempo, sin embargo, se han incorporado nuevos conceptos, siendo importante que el pediatra y el intensivista tengan conocimiento a cabalidad de ellos. La reanimación con fluidos es una intervención fundamental, no obstante, aún no se ha establecido un tipo de fluido ideal, presentando cada uno limitaciones específicas, no existiendo evidencia sobre la superioridad de un tipo de fluido. Si a pesar de una adecuada resucitación con fluidos persiste el shock, el inicio de inótropos y/o vasopresores está indicado. En caso de refractariedad al uso de vasopresores, nuevos fármacos vasoactivos pueden ser empleados y el uso de hidrocortisona debe considerarse en niños con sospecha de insuficiencia suprarrenal. Existe controversia respecto a la transfusión de glóbulos rojos o el nivel óptimo de glucemia, no existiendo consenso en el valor umbral para el uso de estos hemocomponentes o el inicio de insulina, respectivamente. Asimismo, la utilización de la hemofiltración de alto volumen (HFAV)aún permanece controversial, requiriendo mayores estudios para su recomendación en forma rutinaria en el curso de un shock séptico refractario. El soporte nutricional es primordial, ya que la desnutrición es una grave complicación que debe ser prevenida y tratada adecuadamente. El objetivo de la presente revisión es entregar una actualización en los más recientes avances en tratamiento del shock séptico en la población pediátrica.

Essential therapeutic principles in children with septic shock persist over time, although some new concepts have been recently incorporated, and fully awareness of pediatricians and intensivists is essential. Fluid resuscitation is a fundamental intervention, but the kind of ideal fluid has not been established yet, as each of these interventions has specific limitations and there is no evidence supportive of the superiority of one type of fluid. Should septic shock persists despite adequate fluid resuscitation, the use of inotropic medication and/or vasopressors is indicated. New vasoactive drugs can be used in refractory septic shock caused by vasopressors, and the use of hydrocortisone should be considered in children with suspected adrenal insufficiency, as it reduces the need for vasopressors. The indications for red blood cells transfusion or the optimal level of glycemia are still controversial, with no consensus on the threshold value for the use of these blood products or the initiation of insulin administration, respectively. Likewise, the use of high-volume hemofiltration is a controversial issue and further study is needed on the routine recommendation in the course of septic shock. Nutritional support is crucial, as malnutrition is a serious complication that should be properly prevented and treated. The aim of this paper is to provide update on the most recent advances as concerns the treatment of septic shock in the pediatric population.

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Acute renal failure affects 25% of patients hospitalized in intensive care units. Despite technological advances, the mortality of these patients is still high due to its associated complications. Continuous renal replacement techniques are one of the treatments for acute renal failure because they make it possible to treat the complications and decrease mortality. The nurse's knowledge and skills regarding these techniques will be decisive for the success of the therapy. Consequently, the nurse's experience and training are key components. The objective of this article is to update the knowledge on continuous renal replacement techniques. Keeping this in mind, a review has been made of the physical and chemical principles such as diffusion and convection, among others. A description of the different continuous renal replacement techniques, a presentation of the main vascular access, and a description of the nursing cares and complications related to techniques used have also been provided.

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O presente estudo sobre o processamento em sistemas de hemodiálise foi realizado com objetivo de identificar os riscos aos profissionais e pacientes durante o reprocessamento. Para tal, realizou-se um estudo observacional durante as atividades da equipe de enfermagem, em hospital universitário do sul no Brasil. Foram observados 36 fluxos de reprocessamento compondo 872 passos com algum risco potencial. Em 638 (73%) observações o risco relacionava-se aos pacientes e em 27%, aos profissionais. Foram observadas técnicas seguras em 573 (66%) ocasiões e inseguras em 299 (34%). Das 299 ocasiões inseguras, 144 (48%) dependiam de infraestrutura ou rotina e não do comportamento profissional. Pacientes estiveram significativamente sob maior risco do que profissionais (P<0,001). A diferença entre passos seguros e inseguros nas fases de pré-processamento, reprocessamento e secagem/armazenagem não foi não significativa (P>0,01). Conclui-se que pacientes e profissionais estiveram sob risco durante o reprocessamento, embora passos seguros sejam proporcionalmente maiores.

The present study focuses on the processing in hemodialysis systems, with the objective to identify workers? and patients? risks during reprocessing. An observational study was performed regarding the activities of the nursing team at a university hospital in southern Brazil. Thirty-six reprocessing flows were observed, comprising 872 steps with some potential risk. In 638 (73%) observations, risk was related to patients, and in 27%, to workers. Safe techniques were observed on 573 (66%) occasions, and unsafe techniques on 299 (34%). Considering the 299 unsafe occasions, 144 (48%) depended on the infrastructure or routine and not on the worker?s conduct. The patients were at a significantly higher risk than the workers (P<0.001). No significant difference was observed between safe and unsafe steps in the pre-processing, reprocessing, and drying/storage phases (P>0.01). In conclusion, both patients and workers were at risk during reprocessing, although safe steps appeared, proportionally, in a greater number.

Estudio sobre el procesamiento de sistemas de hemodiálisis realizado con el fin de identificar los riesgos de profesionales y pacientes durante el reprocesamiento. Estudio observacional durante las actividades del equipo de enfermería en hospital universitario del sur de Brasil. Se observaron 36 flujos de reprocesamiento, componiendo 872 pasos con algún riesgo potencial. En 638 (73%) observaciones, el riesgo se relacionaba con los pacientes y en 27% con los profesionales. Se observaron técnicas seguras en 573 (66%) ocasiones e inseguras en 299 (34%). De las 299 ocasiones inseguras, 144 (48%) dependían de infraestructura o rutina y no del comportamiento profesional. Los pacientes sufrieron significativamente mayor riesgo que los profesionales (p<0,001). La diferencia entre pasos seguros e inseguros en las fases de pre-procesamiento, reprocesamiento y secado/almacenado no fue significativa (p<0,01). Pacientes y profesionales estuvieron bajo riesgo durante el reprocesamiento aunque los pasos seguros fueran proporcionalmente mayoritarios en número.

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La hemofiltración veno–venosa continua (HFVVC), es unatécnica realizada en pacientes postoperados de cirugía cardíaca;consiste en extraer agua plasmática del sistema circulatorio,a través de una membrana semipermeable (hemoconcentrador)por convección y gradiente de presión, con el objetivode disminuir hipervolemia, mejorar la función renal, eliminarmediadores de respuesta inflamatoria y optimizar el estado hemodinámicode los pacientes. Este procedimiento es realizadopor el personal de enfermería de perfusión en la unidad de terapiaintensiva con un circuito que se arma y diseña en unárea blanca. Una de las principales ventajas que se le adjudicana las terapias de HFVVC, es la tolerancia hemodinámica ala extracción de grandes volúmenes de líquido en forma gradualy controlada, en pacientes en estado crítico.

The continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (HFVVC), is atechnique realized in post-operated patients of cardiac surgery;it consists of extracting plasmatic water of the circulatorysystem, through a semi permeable membrane (hemoconcentrador)by convection and pressure gradient, with the aimof diminishing hipervolemia, improving the renal function,to eliminate mediators of inflammatory answer and to optimizethe hemodinámico state of the patients. This procedureis realized by the personnel of perfusion infirmary in theunit of intensive therapy with a circuit that weapon and isdesigned in a white area. One of the main advantages thatare adjudged to the HFVVC therapies, is the tolerance haemodynamicsto the extraction of great volumes of liquid ingradual and controlled form, in patients in critical state.

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Objetivo: La ultrafiltración (UF) convencional es la técnica por la que el plasma ultrafiltrado es obtenido a través de una membrana semipermeable durante la circulación extracorpórea (CEC). Se realizó este estudio para describir el efecto de la UF convencional sobre algunas variables hematológicas. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo con 23 pacientes con UF y 94 pacientes no UF sometidos a CEC. Resultados: Los procedimientos quirúrgicos y comorbilidades fueron similares en ambos grupos. El TPT preoperatorio fue comparable en ambos grupos, mientras que el postoperatorio fue mayor en los no UF. El INR no tuvo cambios significativos. Hemoglobina y hematocrito disminuyeron en la medición postbomba y aumentaron a las seis horas en UF. Los tiempos de bomba y de pinza y el balance de sangrado a las seis horas fueron levemente mayores en UF. Dos pacientes del grupo no UF fueron reintervenidos. No hubo diferencias en el tiempo de estancia en cuidado intensivo. Conclusiones: La UF no produce alteración significativa en las variables hematológicas. [Cañas M, Duarte YM, Ochoa FL, Díaz AM. Variables hematológicas en pacientes con ultrafiltración en circulación extracorpórea. MedUNAB 2008; 11: 206-212].

Purpose: Ultrafiltration (UF) is the conventional technique of plasma ultrafiltered is obtained through a semipermeable membrane during cardiopulmonary bypass. We performed this study to describe the effect of conventional UF on some hematologic variables. Methodology: this is a descriptive and retrospective study: 23 patients with UF and 94 patients without UF subjected to CEC. Results: surgical procedures and comorbidities were similar in both groups. The preoperative PTT in non UF group was more prolonged, and no changes in the postoperative period. Preoperative TP was comparable in both groups, while the postoperative was higher among non UF group. The INR had no significant changes. Hemoglobin and hematocrit fell in measuring post-pump and rose at 6 hours in UF group. Cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamp times and amount of bleeding at 6 hours were slightly higher at UF group. Two patients of the non UF group required re-exploration. There was no difference in the length of stay in intensive care. Conclusions: UF did not change significantly the hematologic variables. [Cañas M, Duarte YM, Ochoa FL, Díaz AM. Hematological variables in patients with ultrafiltration during cardiopulmonary bypass. MedUNAB 2008; 11: 206-212].

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