RESUMEN
Beta-caryophyllene is an abundant terpene in cannabis, cinnamon, black pepper, cloves, and citrus fruit, delivering a striking, woody-spicy, like cloves and a sweet fruity aroma. Beta-caryophyllene is a Food and Drug Administration-approved food additive with Generally Recognized as Safe status. Interestingly, several biologic activities have been described for beta-caryophyllene, including anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia and neuronal injury, protection of neurovascular unit against oxidative damage, glial activation and neuroinflammation and anticonvulsant effects. In this chapter, we intend to review the beneficial effects of beta-caryophyllene in the context of psychiatric and neurological diseases. Also, we will analyze the possibility that the blood-brain-barrier may be a central target underlying the beneficial actions of beta-caryophyllene.
Asunto(s)
Barrera Hematoencefálica , Trastornos Mentales , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso , Sesquiterpenos Policíclicos , Sesquiterpenos Policíclicos/farmacología , Humanos , Barrera Hematoencefálica/efectos de los fármacos , Barrera Hematoencefálica/metabolismo , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Trastornos Mentales/tratamiento farmacológico , Sesquiterpenos/farmacología , Sesquiterpenos/uso terapéutico , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Current concepts on the main mechanisms of brain damage in ischemic stroke are considered. Chemical regulation of physiological and pathological processes of maintaining cellular pool is supported by a multistep system that included compounds of different structure and complexity. A complex assessment and comparison of the processes taking place during the development of acute local cerebral ischemia (necrosis, apoptosis, autoimmune inflammatory reaction, neuroplasticity) can help in the objectification and prognosis of individual characteristics of the course and outcome of ischemic stroke. Understanding of the cascade of events that occur during the acute ischemic damage is critical for determining current and future diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Asunto(s)
Lesiones Encefálicas , Isquemia Encefálica , Accidente Cerebrovascular , Lesiones Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Lesiones Encefálicas/patología , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico , Isquemia Encefálica/patología , Humanos , Inflamación , Necrosis , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico , Accidente Cerebrovascular/patologíaRESUMEN
AIM: To study the morphological and morphometric changes produced in the capillaries of the optic nerve (ON) head and initial portion after the experimental increase in intraocular pressure (IOP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Wistar rats underwent cauterization of three episcleral veins, which produced an immediate increase in the IOP, and was maintained for 3 months. Sagittal sections of the eyeball were studied with immunohistochemical techniques, using a primary antibody to GLUT-1. The GLUT-1 positive capillaries were counted, and measurements were made of the area, perimeter and mean diameter. RESULTS: Microscopic examination of sections of the ON of control rats revealed a lower density and larger caliber of capillaries in the prelaminar region as compared with the other regions of the ON (P<.05). Comparison between the control and the experimental groups showed a reduction in capillary density (except in the prelaminar region) and a smaller size in all the areas of the ON studied, but less evident in the initial portion (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: The increase in IOP was associated with significant qualitative and quantitative changes in the capillaries of the laminar and poslaminar regions of the ON head. These changes appear to return towards parameters compatible with normality in the initial portion of the ON, an area where the vascular collapse was less evident. These findings might explain the significant reduction in ocular blood flow seen in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma.