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Bariatric surgery (BS) is a leading treatment for obesity; however, adverse side effects (e.g., pain and infection) can deter patients or affect weight maintenance. This study investigates how a post-operative virtual health coaching lifestyle program, monitoring virtual weekly goal progress made by patients, affects weight loss after BS, specifically sleeve gastrectomy. Patients recruited for this 6-month study were classified with a BMI > 30 kg/m2 90 days post-operatively. Patients were prescribed lifestyle support delivered by certified health and wellness coaches (InHealth Lifestyle Therapeutics™). Demographic variables (e.g., age, weight, height, and gender) were obtained and compared according to initial, 3-, 6-month, and current weight through repeated measures ANOVA and post hoc comparison. Thirty-eight adult participants were included, with a mean age of 52 years ± 12.9 and with a majority (n = 35; 97%) of them being female. There were significant differences in weight reported across all five time points (p < 0.05), with the greatest weight difference seen between the initial (250.3 ± 45.5 lbs.) and final time points (226.7± 40.4 lbs.). This study suggests post-operative virtual health coaching can enhance weight loss outcomes after sleeve gastrectomy. Further research is needed to assess the long-term effects and cost-effectiveness of such a form of coaching for bariatric surgery patients.

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BACKGROUND: As the popularity and demonstrated effectiveness of Health and Wellness Coaching (HWC) continue to grow to address chronic disease prevalence worldwide, delivery of this approach in a group format is gaining traction, particularly in healthcare. Nonetheless, very little empirical work exists on group coaching and there are currently no published competencies for Group Health and Wellness Coaching (GHWC). METHODS: We used a well-established two-phase (Development and Judgment) process to create and validate GHWC competencies with strong content validity. RESULTS: Seven highly qualified Subject Matter Experts systematically identified and proposed the GHWC competencies, which were then validated by 78 National Board Certified Health and Wellness Coaches (NBC-HWCs) currently practicing GHWC who rated the importance and use frequency of each one. The validation study led to 72 competencies which are organized into the structure and process of GHWC. CONCLUSIONS: GHWC requires not only coaching skills, but significant group facilitation skills to guide the group process to best support members in maximizing health and well-being through self-directed behavioral change. As the presence of HWC continues to grow, it is imperative that GHWC skill standards be accepted and implemented for the safety of the public, the effectiveness of the intervention, and the value analysis of the field. Such standards will guide curriculum development, allow for a more robust research agenda, and give practical guidance for health and wellness coaches to responsibly run groups. High quality standards for GHWC are particularly needed in health care, where a Level III Current Procedural Terminology (CPT®) code for GHWC has been approved in the United States since 2019 and reimbursement of such has been approved by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid for 2024.

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College students are struggling to maintain well-being, with mental health challenges becoming exceedingly disruptive. Health and wellness coaching can be utilized in the college setting in addition to counseling to connect college students with resources, provide support through accountability and unconditional positive regard, and promote personal growth. Trauma-informed care is an effective approach for supporting those who may be or are experiencing trauma and is shown to be relevant in the college setting. This paper describes a rationale for integrating trauma-informed care and health and wellness coaching to enhance overall college student well-being, foster academic achievement, and create a safe, inclusive environment for growth.

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BACKGROUND: Health and Wellness Coaching (HWC) may be beneficial in chronic condition care. We sought to appraise its effectiveness on quality of life (QoL), self-efficacy (SE), depression, and anxiety. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane CENTRAL for randomized trials published January 2005 - March 2023 that compared HWC to standard clinical care or another intervention without coaching. We examined QoL, SE, depression, or anxiety outcomes. Meta-analysis utilizing the random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD). RESULTS: Thirty included studies demonstrated that HWC improved QoL within 3 months (SMD 0.62 95 % CI 0.22-1.02, p = 0.002), SE within 1.5 months (SMD 0.38, 95 % CI 0.03-0.73, p = 0.03), and depression at 3, 6, and 12 months (SMD 0.67, 95 % CI 0.13-1.20, p = 0.01), (SMD 0.72, 95 % CI 0.19-1.24, p = 0.006), and (SMD 0.41, 95 % CI 0.09-0.73, p = 0.01) Certainty in the evidence for most outcomes was either very low or low primarily due to the high risk of bias, heterogeneity, and imprecision. CONCLUSION: HWC improves QoL, SE, and depression across chronic illness populations. Future research needs to standardize intervention reporting and outcome collection. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Future HWC studies should standardize intervention components, reporting, and outcome measures, apply relevant chronic illness theories, and aim to follow participants for greater than one year.

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Background: Given the body image and disordered eating struggles prevalent in young adults, weight-inclusive anti-diet programs are needed on college campuses. Such programs replace weight loss advice with changes that center physical and mental well-being. Methods/Program Design: University health and wellness programs such as University Coaching for Activity and Nutrition (UCAN) is a novel weight-inclusive health and wellness coaching program designed to support university students and faculty/staff in their development and maintenance of self-care behaviors related to physical activity, nutrition, sleep, and stress management. Specifically, we describe the program's mechanisms for participant recruitment, health coach training, session protocol, program evaluation, and supervision so other campuses can replicate the program model at their respective universities. Discussion: This work can help campuses cultivate positive self-care habits that improve physical and mental health through the lens of a weight-inclusive paradigm while also creating research and service-learning experiences for pre-health professionals.

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The Theory of Integrative Nurse Coaching (TINC) has been analyzed according to the method of Walker and Avant. We have found that TINC is a well-constructed mid-range theory in the discipline of nursing. Within the domain of holistic nursing, it is focused on the goal of healing the whole person, synthesizing a large amount of theoretical material related to the concept of healing and placing it within the context of nursing as a discipline. With underpinnings in holistic nursing, it aligns with numerous grand nursing theories via the metaparadigm, healing, and patterns of knowing. It is easily translated into holistic nursing practice, actualized in the role of the nurse coach. It describes a method of holistic nursing practice that is suitable for use in numerous settings, including lifestyle, chronic disease, and end of life, among others. Although there is little published research using the theory, there is potential for application in holistic nursing practice, education, research, policy, and administration. We have identified numerous potential research questions that would test the theory. In this time of global nursing shortage and burnout, it is notable that this mid-range theory explicitly describes how self-care of the nurse enhances client care.

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BACKGROUND: Employee wellness programs can help manage stress and alleviate burnout. OBJECTIVE: To pilot and disseminate the Intentional Action(InAct) concept for employee wellbeing. METHODS: Five independent interactive workshop-lectures with an automated audience response system. Descriptive analysis of participant response data. RESULTS: Participants (n = 275): rated spirituality, physical environment and nutrition the most highly in contributing to their present well-being. Ninety-eight percent (n = 269) of participants identified a focus area to work on. The well-being area most selected was Exercise, (35% n = 95), however, other non-traditional areas, including Personal and Professional Development (18% n = 48), Relationships and Communication (17% n = 47), were selected, along with mind-body connection and mindful awareness (6% n = 15 and n = 16). CONCLUSION: The pilot engaged employees to reflect and set goals for their future well-being. Healthcare institutions implementing programs should consider a broad range of whole person strategies addressing employee well-being, which go beyond the traditional focus on exercise and nutrition.

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Background: Occupational burnout related to stress in the workplace is experienced by nurses who are regularly confronted with trauma, suffering, and high workloads. Burnout can negatively impact patient care and have detrimental effects on nurses' physical and mental health. Mindfulness-based stress reduction programs have been researched as a potential holistic intervention for reducing stress and burnout in nurses through cultivating present awareness, emotional regulation, and positive thinking. Purpose: This critical review of the literature explores current knowledge on the effectiveness of mindfulness meditation on stress and burnout in nurses, examines gaps in the current literature, and provides recommendations for future research on this topic. Methods: Search terms included mindfulness, meditation, mindfulness-based stress reduction , occupational stress, stress, burnout, and nurs*. Peer-reviewed research directly related to the impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction on nurses experiencing stress and/or burnout was reviewed. Findings: Findings reveal evidence that mindfulness meditation is effective in decreasing stress and burnout in nurses. Mindfulness-based interventions have been shown to significantly decrease stress, improve all aspects of burnout, and increase self-compassion and compassion satisfaction in practicing nurses. Conclusions: Mindfulness meditation has the potential to decrease stress and burnout in nurses by decreasing self-judgment and overidentification with experience, and by increasing resiliency, compassion, and emotional regulation.

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Objective:To explore whether health and wellness coaching can promote healthy lifestyle among highrisk people with stroke.Methods:The highrisk people with stroke admitted to the hospital were randomly divided into a test group (49) and a control group (49) by excel random function method.The control group was given telephone health education once a week, a total of 12 times last 3 months; On this basis, the test group carried out from every week to every months,a total of 8 timeshealth and wellness coaching, measuring the health promotion lifestyle (HPLP-Ⅱ) scale scores of the two groups of subjects at baseline, at the end of the intervention, and 3 months after the end of the intervention.Results:There was no statistical difference in the general demographic data of the two groups of subjects. Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that three months after the intervention, the two groups of subjects had statistically significant differences in nutrition, health responsibilities, physical activity, self-actualization, and health promotion lifestyle scores between the groups, time, and interaction ( F values were 12.131-502.649, P<0.01). There were no statistical differences in interpersonal relationship and stress coping dimensions ( P>0.05). Simple effect analysis found that at the end of the intervention, the two groups of subjects had only statistical differences between the self-actualization dimension and the total score of health promotion lifestyle ( P<0.01). Three months after the end of the intervention, the total scores of nutrition, health responsibilities, sports, self-actualization and health-promoting lifestyles of the two groups of study subjects were significantly different ( P<0.01). Conclusions:Health and wellness coaching can promote healthy lifestyle among highrisk people with stroke.

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The need for self-care in critical care nurses is recognized on a national level. Stress, unhealthy lifestyles, and chronic disease in the general population is mirrored in nursing, affecting burnout, retention, quality outcomes, and well-being. Integrative approaches to promote well-being are supported by nursing theories and tools such as the Integrative Health and Wellness Assessment (IHWA). Through coaching techniques and the IHWA, nurses can support their self-development via self-assessment, self-reflection, self-evaluation, and self-care. This article discusses the role of the IHWA and a coaching process to aid critical care nurses in implementing sustainable self-care strategies.

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OBJECTIVE: To qualitatively evaluate the implementation of Capacity Coaching, an intervention to address the work patients must undertake to manage their conditions, implemented as a quality improvement pilot in 1 of 2 implementing US Department of Veterans Affairs medical centers. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Two Veterans Affairs medical centers in the Midwest sought to implement Capacity Coaching as a quality improvement pilot in their Patient-Aligned Care Teams for 6 months (April 1, 2017, through October 31, 2017). Following the pilot, we conducted a focused ethnographic evaluation (on-site data collection, January 2-4, 2018), including interviews, a focus group, and observations with staff at one site to assess the implementation of capacity coaching. Data were analyzed inductively and findings were cross-referenced with implementation theory. RESULTS: We found that implementation was feasible and achieved changes that were aligned with reducing patient work and increasing capacity. We found that the key facilitators for the implementation of this program were in participants making sense of the intervention (coherence) and working collectively to enact the program (collective action). The main challenges for the program were in planning the work of implementation and enrolling a diverse coalition of staff to expand referrals to the program (cognitive participation) and in evaluating the impact of the program on outcomes that upper leadership was interested in (reflexive monitoring). CONCLUSION: Implementation of Capacity Coaching is feasible in clinical practice and may be a promising intervention for the care of chronic conditions. Further research should focus on testing capacity coaching using these lessons learned.

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Background: Lifestyle change programs have demonstrated encouraging improvements in the overall well-being of participants in clinical, worksite, and university settings. However, the majority of published research utilizes accredited, professional health coaches. This study seeks to establish the efficacy of health and wellness coaching implemented by coaching trainees in a workplace/university framework. Methods: University faculty, staff, and students were recruited (n = 74) to participate in an 8-week health and wellness coaching program comprised of 3 coaching sessions. The wellness coaches were undergraduate students enrolled in a university Health and Wellness Coaching practicum course. Participants reported satisfaction in 12 wellness dimensions. Their satisfaction scores were used as proxy to encourage them to focus their behavior change within 1 or more of 12 wellness dimensions. The self-reported wellness dimension scores were recorded at baseline, and subsequent changes in the selected dimension scores were evaluated. The control group received telephonic and video conference-based coaching, while the intervention group participants were also offered face-to-face coaching and social-embedded support. Results: Participants most frequently selected to work on 2 of the 12-wellness dimensions. No differences between groups were found in the initial wellness scores. A statistical analysis was performed on dimensions with 20 or more responses to determine whether the intervention (social support), coaching session, and other variables had a significant impact. A mixed model adjusted on group, coaching session, coaching trainee, and participant was performed. The eating/nutrition and thinking wellness dimensions exhibited a significant positive change in wellness scores in both groups (P < .001 and P < .0143, respectively). Discussion: An increase in eating/nutrition and thinking wellness scores in both groups suggests that the coaching trainees were effective in motivating change to boost participants' well-being. The results justify further research to evaluate the cost-effectiveness, approaches, and efficacy of coaching trainees in worksite wellness programs.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the lived experience of adults with chronic conditions receiving holistic nurse coaching. Method: A qualitative phenomenological research design was used for this study. A purposive sample of 15 patients with varied chronic conditions participated. Institutional review board approval was obtained from the participating university prior to data collection. The patients' stories of their experiences with holistic nurse coaching were analyzed using Colaizzi's method of phenomenological analysis. Findings: Eight theme clusters emerged when the formulated meanings were organized into the following categories: (1) Seeking Guidance to Navigate Life's Challenges, (2) Entering a Safe Sacred Place, (3) Feeling Empowered and Accountable, (4) Developing Strategies to Access Different Ways of Knowing, (5) Finding the Answers Within, (6) Making Healthy Behavioral Changes, (7) Forming a New Caring Relationship with Self, and (8) Transforming to a Brand-New Approach to Life. Conclusions: Findings from this study provide insight into experiences of holistic nurse coaching for patients with chronic conditions. Further research is needed to examine the influence of holistic nurse coaching on health outcomes related to chronic conditions such as quality of life, patient empowerment, and targeted metrics related to specific chronic conditions.

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PURPOSE: To examine the impact of a mindfulness intervention on nurse managers in an acute care hospital. DESIGN: A pre/post intervention design with three data collection points: prior to, at the conclusion of, and at 3 months following the intervention. METHOD: A survey to measure the impact of a mindfulness workshops on nurse managers' perception of professional quality of life, burnout, and perceived wellness. FINDINGS: There were significant changes in the scores on the compassion satisfaction (T-1 mean 3.9, T-2 mean 4.5, p = .002) and burnout subscales (T-1 mean 3.4, T-2 mean 2.8, p = .016) of the Professional Quality of Life scale, and on personal burnout (T-1 mean 4.2, T-2 mean 3.8, p = .023) and work-related burnout (T-1 mean 4.0, T-2 mean 3.5, p = .029) on the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory scale, following the mindfulness intervention. The 3-month follow-up scores on compassion satisfaction were higher but not statistically significant ( p = .810). Scores on the burnout scales, while lower than the preintervention levels, were higher at the 3-month follow-up than immediately following the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that mindfulness practices need to be reinforced. Without continuous reinforcement, it may become a self-care practice moved to the bottom of the list of things to be done among the activities of a busy day.

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PURPOSE: To understand how demographic variables and depression symptoms relate to the prevalence of wellness, resilience, and age perception within a sample of community-dwelling older adults. DESIGN: In all, 200 residents across 12 senior housing sites were surveyed. Research questions included the following: (1) Do group differences exist in wellness, resilience, and age perception based on age, sex, race, education, and depression symptoms? (2) Which profile of variables is most strongly associated with self-rated depression among older adults? METHOD: Multivariate analyses of variance were used to examine group differences. A discriminant analysis demonstrated which variables comprised the profile of individuals who ascribed to depression symptoms. FINDINGS: Younger respondents (i.e., age 55-70) had significantly lower levels of wellness (η2 = .034) and resilience (η2 = .052). Respondents suffering from depression symptoms had lower levels of wellness (η2 = .155), resilience (η2 = .163), and positive age perception (η2 = .067) and higher rates of negative age perception (η2 = .052). The discriminant analysis correctly categorized 75.3% of the cases related to depression symptoms, and resilience and certain forms of wellness were most relevant. CONCLUSIONS: The current study sheds light into within-group differences in wellness, resilience, and age perception that depend on variables such as age and depression.

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The nurse coach role was developed to address the needs of our nation and the world for health and wellbeing. The Theory of Integrative Nurse Coaching provides a foundation for coaching interventions supporting health promotion, and a framework for the development of the Integrative Health and Wellness Assessment (IHWA) short form. This 36-question Likert-type scale self-reporting tool assists participants in assessing healthy behaviors through a self-reflection process, provides information for the coaching relationship, and may be an outcome measurement. This article describes the history of the IHWA tool and the development and pilot testing of the IHWA short form using guidelines provided by DeVellis. Results of the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test yielded a value of .520, and the Bartlett's test of sphericity was significant. Cronbach's alpha overall scale internal consistency was .88 ( n = 36). Pilot study results indicate that the scale could be improved through additional revision, and an ongoing study is in progress.

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This article describes the outcomes of nursing students taking a course in complementary and alternative therapies focusing on energetic modalities that were used as a means of self-care. Students kept journal logs and did a formal presentation for the class. Nursing students reported decreased stress and improved concentration, academic performance, productivity, and problem-solving while experiencing a greater appreciation of their clinical experiences. Using Therapeutic Touch and other subtle energy interactions, the students also cited improved interpersonal relationships, increased feelings of calmness, a higher degree of self-awareness and self-care, reduced physical pain, increased energy, and greater appreciation of the world around them. The theoretical framework was Margret Neuman's theory of health as expanding consciousness. While this is an elective nursing course, the nursing students were primarily juniors and seniors already taking clinical courses. A research study with a wide sample of student participants, especially freshmen, and using quantitative as well as qualitative measures would be beneficial to determine if such a course should be part of the standard nursing curriculum to not only expand nurses' understanding of complementary and alternative therapies but also to help students with their own self-care and influence their practice as clinicians.

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The field of health and wellness coaching holds great promise for making health behavior change interventions available to more individuals. We assert that the health and wellness literature should recognize the potential of lay persons to provide health coaching and lay person health coach studies should be included in the compendium compiled by Sforzo and colleagues. Limiting the field to current health professionals decreases the number of potential coaches unnecessarily. The compendium will be an excellent resource for researchers to compile the existing data to determine the effectiveness of coaching, what aspects of coaching are effective, for what conditions coaching is effective, and what outcomes coaching improves. We provide commentary that researchers exploring health coaching should recognize the importance of physical activity in improving outcomes for a number of different populations and should health behaviors as outcomes in health coaching intervention studies.

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Pharmacists are well positioned to promote lifestyle medicine through health and wellness coaching. Pharmacists are accessible, trusted, highly knowledgeable in chronic illness treatment and prevention, and are trained in applicable communication skills. While health and wellness coaching takes place informally in the pharmacy setting regularly, it is not often offered intentionally with measured progress. However, several successful pharmacy practice models with structured health and wellness coaching have been reported in the literature. The purpose of this article is to make the case for pharmacists as health and wellness coaches and describe successful models currently in place.

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Though various authors have refined and described the concept of compassion fatigue (CF), the overarching features, predisposing factors, and potential consequences remain relatively consistent. Available literature demonstrates that caregivers caring for patients who are chronically ill and/or traumatized are at highest risk for developing CF. Potential consequences for unmitigated CF include physical, emotional, and work-related consequences, all of which can have negative effects on the quality and safety of care and degree of engagement with one's employer. CF is further exacerbated by exposure to cumulative, unresolved stress and neglect of one's own emotional needs over time. Caregivers must be knowledgeable on CF's risk factors, symptoms, and management strategies to decrease its incidence and negative impacts. This article details the creation, execution, and evaluation of an evidence-based practice change project implemented with the goal of increasing knowledge needed to prevent, identify, and alleviate CF in high-risk nurses. The project involved a series of educational workshops containing information on CF's risk factors, symptoms, and consequences, with a strong emphasis on self-awareness, self-care, and stress management. Pre- and postknowledge tests showed a significant increase in knowledge was achieved via the workshops, and qualitative surveys indicated a high level of participant satisfaction with the program contents, format, and impact.

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