RESUMEN
Personal radio frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure, or exposimetry, is gaining importance in the bioelectromagnetics community but only limited data on personal exposure is available in indoor areas, namely schools, crèches, homes, and offices. Most studies are focused on adult exposure, whereas indoor microenvironments, where children are exposed, are usually not considered. A method to assess spatial and temporal indoor exposure of children and adults is proposed without involving the subjects themselves. Moreover, maximal possible daily exposure is estimated by combining instantaneous spatial and temporal exposure. In Belgium and Greece, the exposure is measured at 153 positions spread over 55 indoor microenvironments with spectral equipment. In addition, personal exposimeters (measuring EMFs of people during their daily activities) captured the temporal exposure variations during several days up to one week at 98 positions. The data were analyzed using the robust regression on order statistics (ROS) method to account for data below the detection limit. All instantaneous and maximal exposures satisfied international exposure limits and were of the same order of magnitude in Greece and Belgium. Mobile telecommunications and radio broadcasting (FM) were most present. In Belgium, digital cordless phone (DECT) exposure was present for at least 75% in the indoor microenvironments except for schools. Temporal variations of the exposure were mainly due to variations of mobile telecommunication signals. The exposure was higher during daytime than at night due to the increased voice and data traffic on the networks. Total exposure varied the most in Belgian crèches (39.3%) and Greek homes (58.2%).
Asunto(s)
Carga Corporal (Radioterapia) , Ecosistema , Campos Electromagnéticos , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/estadística & datos numéricos , Vivienda/estadística & datos numéricos , Dosis de Radiación , Monitoreo de Radiación/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Bélgica , Niño , Grecia , Humanos , Instituciones Académicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Análisis Espacio-Temporal , Lugar de Trabajo/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
This paper presents a prototype wireless remote glucose monitoring system interfaced with a ZnO nanowire arrays-based glucose sensor, glucose oxidase enzyme immobilized onto ZnO nanowires in conjunction with a Nafion® membrane coating, which can be effectively applied for the monitoring of glucose levels in diabetics. Global system for mobile communications (GSM) services like general packet radio service (GPRS) and Short Message Service (SMS) have been proven to be logical and cost effective methods for gathering data from remote locations. A communication protocol that facilitates remote data collection using SMS has been utilized for monitoring a patient's sugar levels. In this study, we demonstrate the remote monitoring of the glucose levels with existing GPRS/GSM network infra-structures using our proposed functionalized ZnO nanowire arrays sensors integrated with standard readily available mobile phones. The data can be used for centralized monitoring and other purposes. Such applications can reduce health care costs and allow caregivers to monitor and support to their patients remotely, especially those located in rural areas.
Asunto(s)
Glucosa Oxidasa/química , Glucosa/análisis , Nanocables , Ondas de Radio , Óxido de Zinc/química , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Envío de Mensajes de TextoRESUMEN
Multiple scientific technologies are used in modern 120 emergency command center. This paper introduces the frame of l20 emergency command center and the functions of CTI and 3G technology,and analyzes the practical application and effects of CTI and 3G in modern 120 emergency command center.